...Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, commonly known by his first name, Michelangelo, was a pivotal force in the Italian Renaissance. He was born on March 6, 1475 in Caprese Michelangelo, to a middle class family in the banking industry. Michelangelo was fascinated with observing painters at churches nearby, rather than focusing on tedious schoolwork. At age 13, he joined the Florentine painter’s workshop with the help of his father, Leonardo di Buonarrota Simoni. Correspondingly, Michelangelo became a painter, sculptor, architect and poet, achieving works including but not limited to, the sculpture of David, The Creation of Adam, and The Last Judgement. Following his death on February 18, 1564, Michelangelo left behind a remarkable...
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...Especially prevalent was Julius’ patronage for the arts. Wanting to leave behind a spectacular legacy, it was important to adorn as much as possible with glorious works from numerous artists. Naturally, Michelangelo Buonarroti was a marvel that would fit Julius’ standard. Having lived in the Medici household, studying at their school, while under the guidance of Lorenzo the Magnificent, Michelangelo was the man who everyone wanted and the Pope would thus use his powers to use him. Pope Julius II first commissioned Michelangelo to create a tomb for himself, wanted his final resting place to represent his tremendous power of a papacy. This would be Michelangelo’s first papal patron, quickly draining both energy and funds to devote his attention on the project. It was only after he finally found the marble that would be to his liking when the Pope cancelled the project. Still unknown today are the exact reasons to Julius’ decision, but Michelangelo was distraught. He returned home, both annoyed and angered by the Pope’s dismissal. Michelangelo was known to be difficult when is came to any patron, and the Pope was not an exception. A few years later, the Pope, thinking nothing wrong of it, called upon Michelangelo once again, but not to start work on the abandoned project of his papal tomb. Instead, Julius wanted Michelangelo to fresco the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo had every reason to be outraged. He was a sculptor, which the Pope very well knew and in response...
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...The Renaissance & Baroque Arts The Renaissance, also known as the period of “rebirth”, directly followed the Middle Ages. Some considered the Renaissance period as a bridge from the “Dark Ages” to the modern era or the “light”. This period in history lasted about four centuries—late 13th century to the early 17th century— featuring “a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and learning” and introduced some of “the finest artists and intellectual achievements in the history of the Western humanities” such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo Buonarroti (MindEdge, 2013). Renaissance art is traced back to Italy where artists and scholars looked to the ancient Greco-Roman culture for inspiration by reviving the language, values, and traditions that were lost after “the fall of the Roman Empire in the sixth century” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Furthermore, Renaissance artists added individuality to their works through portraying “beauty and mystery of the natural world” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Most of the art produced during this time showcased religious imagery, completed mostly as Catholic Mass altarpieces. Artists around these times were sponsored by patrons of the arts such as The Catholic Church and affluent families such as the Medici family in Florence. Political permanence, growing wealth, and technological advancements are some of the social conditions that may have contributed to the arts of the Renaissance...
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...¬ The Pantheon is one of the most celebrated buildings in architecture history. It has left its stamp upon architecture more than any other building (MacDonald, 1976). It served as the source of inspiration for countless other centralized schemes all over the globe. Constructed between 118 and 125 CE under the government of the emperor Hadrian. It is located in the Campus Martius district of ancient Rome. The writing of Ammianius Marcellinus a Roman soldier and historian from the mid-4th century describes the Pantheon as a building perceived to be “a self-contained district” (PI, 2010). Dio Cassius a Roman consul and noted historian from the early-3rd century reports that the Pantheon was a temple devoted to numerous gods and its name is attributed to the manner in which its elevated dome is similar to description of the heavens. Though he seems to have mixed up the Hadrianic Pantheon with an older temple which was previously located on the same site and constructed by Marcus Agrippa a Roman statesman, general and architect. Dio's description remains appropriate (PI, 2010). The Pantheon is made up of two major components, a columnar door which supports a pediment, and a domed rotunda —linked together by a rectangular transitional block (PI, 2010). The of the Pantheon’s threshold, a pedimented, trabeated temple front is a good example of how the Romans extend customary ideas by mitigating radical innovation with archaic features that express prestige and power (C, 2010)...
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...Albrecht Durer: Painting his Legacy in Himself. Albrecht Durer was born on May 21, 1471, in Nuremberg, Germany. He was the second out of eighteen children. Albrecht did not make paintings because he was paid to make them, although he was some times, he liked to freely paint. Durer was said to be the most admired artist in the history of German art because of his talent, ambition, and sharp wide-ranging intellect. In his lifetime Albrecht made some famous paintings, but not as famous as Da Vinci or Michelangelo. Durer began as an apprentice for his Dad as gold smith and took lessons with Michael Wolgemut. At the age of thirteen, he made his first self-portrait. "In his apprenticeship under Wolgemut, Durer learned the art of woodcut, which at the time was used primarily for illustrated books" ("ABOUT THE ARTIST"). This meant that he could carve an image on a piece of wood and then he could duplicate his paintings, for instance, his painting the "Rhinoceros" was first a sketch and he made a woodcut. He would spread the ink on the wood then press the wood tablet on a piece of paper. He was so talented that, "His woodcuts inspired the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I to use the medium for colossal commemorative projects, in which Dürer played a leading part" ("Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)"). To add to his talent, he made about 930 paintings, many of those where self-portiats of him-self or other people, but he also did something that many other painters did not do. He made portraits...
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...Although many would agree there are several artists of this time that had wonderful art, such as Michelangelo, sandro botticelli and Donato Bramante.What could this drawing be described as without one's knowledge of the meaning behind it? One way to put it could be the understanding and study of the human body and what makes it so unique. Or that it could be religiously related to christianity, when Jesus was put on the cross. Although it is uncertain, many would come to the conclusion that this piece is related to the future. Considering the fact that most men, such as da Vinci in his lifetime were fascinated with art. They were ahead of their time, as far as their masterpieces went. Given the fact that some of his other pieces of artwork were religiously related , such as The Last Supper that was made in 1498 and The Baptism Of Christian made in 1475. This would support the idea of the Vitruvian Man, being in some way related to religious beliefs and thoughts. Then again, due to his statement about the universe it could be more about science, rather than religious beliefs. There was a large amount of thought and preparation put into the renaissance man. Given his time period, his work was happily accepted by everyone who grew interest in the 14th to 17th century. Needless to say , there were wonderful artists and inventors of the renaissance period. They show their legacy through the masterpieces left behind. Unfortunately no one can ask the art gods what their pieces...
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...medieval era of (1066- 1448 AD) encounter changes. Furthermore, the middle ages art and saw the emergence of early renaissance art. (WGU on line quote) The artist, by the name of Giotto di Bonedone, is one of the most famous people of the middle ages. His painting of “Madonna and Child” painted for a chapel in the church of Santa Maria. This picture made with temperas and wood and emphasized Christian faith, teaches spiritual truth, aid in the conversion of non-Christian. Renaissance art with the literal meaning “ Rebirth” played a significant part of our lives today. The early renaissance started right after the middle ages (1400-1600). During this period, the European history was marked by renewal of interest in intellectual and cultural legacies of ancients Greece and Rome. Renaissance was the time of tremendous creativity and intellectual moment. Beginning in Italy and spreading widely to the rest of the Europe, renaissance period brought about literature, art, music, politics, science and religion. Great men rise to prominence during the early renaissance period; there was an increase in social and cultural conditions, also the time of greater prosperity and development of new technology. Renaissance artist made...
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...After my father’s death, I moved with my family to Antwerp, Belgium. I was raised as a Catholic and received a humanist education, with Latin and classical literature included in my education. Once I turned fourteen, I began studying under Tobias Verhaecht, who taught me how to paint. I also looked to Adam van Noort and Otto van Veen as a source of study. Once I completed my apprenticeship in 1598, I joined the Guild of St. Luke. I moved to Italy in 1600 to study paintings from famous artists, such as Titian, Veronese, and Tintoretto. I also traveled to Rome with financial aid from duke Vincenzo I of Gonzaga to study Roman and Greek classical styles, studied and copied the works of other Italian painters, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and eventually was commissioned by the Roman church Santa Croce. Over the course of the next 30 years, I would be commissioned multiple times and pursue a successful career in art. However, I also worked as a diplomat for the Spanish Habsburg rulers, traveling between Spain and England multiple times, especially between 1627 and 1630. I used this traveling in order to study painters and gain popularity within the court. I married Isabella Brant in 1610, and remarried to Helena Fourment in 1630 after Isabella’s death in 1626. My house and studio were located in Antwerp, but I moved to just outside Antwerp in 1635. Over time, more and more of my paintings were commissioned, and eventually, most of my paintings were commissioned work...
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...The Medici Family operated on the most influential commercial organizations of the Renaissance period (Roover, 1966). According to Heldon (1995) the Medici Family started out as part of the patrician class, not nobility and was seen by most as friends to the common people. The Medici’s would eventually become Dukes of Tuscany and are credited by historians as the first family to set up an empire with money, while previous empires were created with the use of military force (Kim, 2005). The Medici Family history and the enormous impact it had on Italian history is archived in the Archive di Stato in Florence (Roover, 1966). The Medici Family combined banking and commerce to generate great wealth and acclaim (Heldon, 1995). The Medici Family was at the centre of the banking universe (“The Economist,” 1999). The Economist (1999) explains how this banking family provided services to four popes and two queens for over 400 years. The Medici Family Bank was considered the most powerful financial institute in all of the early 15th century Europe. The first Medici Bank was set up by Giovanni di Bicci de Medici in 1392 (“The Economist, 1999). However, due to the depression and the aggression of the French, the Medici Bank eventually failed (‘The Economist,” 1999). The Economist (1999) explains that although the Medici Family were not considered great innovators, they did keep great banking records. The Medici’s were able to take advantage of new techniques they developed to...
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...HUMANITIES 1 (RESEARCH PAPER) HISTORY OF PAINTINGS AND ARTISTS IN THE WORLD ADRIAN M SITCHON PROF. PEREZ 4TH YEAR/BS.HRM/NS (SUBMITTED BY) TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY BODY * EASTERN PAINTING * WESTERN PAINTING * 20th-CENTURY MODERN * AND CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION OF TERMS * FAMOUS PAINTERS * AND BIOGRAPHY * Paintings of famous painters CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCE INTRODUCTION: Painting can be done in a variety of media. For example, Oils, Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache and Tempera. Paints are made from a pigment, and a binder. Binder is relatively cheap, while pigment is much more expensive. Pigments are a colored powder, made from organic or inorganic materials. (This is different than a colorant, which dyes or stains a color.) All paints use the same basic pigments, but the binder changes. The binder for acrylics dries quickly and the paint is more like a plastic than oils which have an oil based binder and dry slowly. Oil Paints are often built up in layers or glazes. The other paints---Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache, and Tempera---are water-based, meaning the paint can be diluted with water and clean-up can be done with soap and water. Oil paints, on the other hand, require paint thinner to clean brushes. The number and variety of painting techniques is endless. Besides quality of paint, factors affecting color quality include: paint opacity, glossiness of painting surface...
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...Art history From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the academic discipline of art history. For an overview of the history of art worldwide, see History of art. For other uses, see Art history (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Venus de Milo on display at the Louvre Art history has historically been understood as the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style.[1] This includes the "major" arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture as well as the "minor" arts of ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects. As a term, art history (also history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture. Aspects of the discipline worms. As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed, "the field of art history [is] much like Caesar's Gaul, divided in three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes: (i) the connoisseurs, (ii) the critics, and (iii) the academic art historians".[2] As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of...
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...The capacity to communicate is one of the fundamental elements of the human condition which separate people from the animal world. While almost all animals are capable of vocalizations and many have a rich and diverse method of communication; no animal can match the dexterity and abstract cognition of the human mind. The study of the way the brain processes, stores, and organizes information into learning has been studied for centuries—yet it has only been in the past few hundred years that true breakthroughs in the cognitive sciences has been observed. Arguably one of the most essential discoveries in brain function lies within the compartmentalization of mental, emotional, logistical, motor, and cognitive capabilities, this process began in earnest with the discovery of Broca's Area through the diagnosis of a particular symptom of trauma—Broca's aphasia. To understand the overall picture of this convoluted problem we must first examine the historical foundations through which aphasia was diagnosed. From there we will attempt to dissect the process of language evolution and attempt to recognize where aphasia fits within the equation of language structure. From structure, we must then look even closer to the actual biology of the neural network to examine how learning and language develops in order to assist in the therapy of aphasics the world over. Broca's area is a portion of the brain in the left temporal lobe which has been attributed to the process of speech...
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...A Heritage of Smallness by Nick Joaquin Society for the Filipino is a small rowboat: the barangay. Geography for the Filipino is a small locality: the barrio. History for the Filipino is a small vague saying:matanda pa kay mahoma; noong peacetime. Enterprise for the Filipino is a small stall: the sari-sari. Industry and production for the Filipino are the small immediate searchings of each day: isang kahig, isang tuka. And commerce for the Filipino is the smallest degree of retail: the tingi. What most astonishes foreigners in the Philippines is that this is a country, perhaps the only one in the world, where people buy and sell one stick of cigarette, half a head of garlic, a dab of pomade, part of the contents of a can or bottle, one single egg, one single banana. To foreigners used to buying things by the carton or the dozen or pound and in the large economy sizes, the exquisite transactions of Philippine tingis cannot but seem Lilliputian. So much effort by so many for so little. Like all those children risking neck and limb in the traffic to sell one stick of cigarette at a time. Or those grown-up men hunting the sidewalks all day to sell a puppy or a lantern or a pair of socks. The amount of effort they spend seems out of all proportion to the returns. Such folk are, obviously, not enough. Laboriousness just can never be the equal of labor as skill, labor as audacity, labor as enterprise. The Filipino who travels abroad gets to thinking that his is the hardest...
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...D E L U X E E D I T I O N Verse 1 It’s like I’m in this dirt diggin’ up old hurt/tried everything to get my mind off you, it won’t work/ all it takes is one song on the radio yer/right back on it, remindin’ me all over again how you fuckin’ just brushed me off and left me so burnt/spent a lot of time tryin’ to soul search/maybe I needed to grow up a little first, well looks like I hit a growth spurt/but I’m comin’ for closure/don’t suppose an explanation I’m owed for/the way that you turned your back on me just when I may have needed you most, oh, you thought it was over/you could just close the/chapter and go about your life like it was nothin’/you ruined mine, but you seem to be doin’ fine, well I’ve never recovered/ but tonight ‘betcha that whatch yer/’bout to go through’s tougher than anything I ever have suffered/can’t think of a, better way to define poetic justice/can I hold grudges? Mind sayin’ “let it go fuck this”/hearts sayin’ “I will once I bury this bitch alive hide the shovel and then drive off in the sunset”/and… Chorus I flee the scene, like it was my last ride/you see right through, oh, you had me pegged the first time/you can see the truth, but it’s easier to justify/what’s bad is good and I hate to be the bad guy/I just hate to be the bad guy/follow me I run, I run, follow me, follow me, I just hate to be the bad guy/Verse 2 And to think I used to think you was the shit, bitch/to think it was you at one time I worshiped...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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