...Legalizing prostitution has been an ongoing debate for many years. One recent article, dated April 19, 2012, suggests that it should be legalized. The author’s view is one that is for the legalization of prostitution and she argues that “sex workers are a valuable members to the community who deserve legal rights, not punishment”, she also claims that “sex workers contribute a great deal to their families and their communities” (Leigh, 2012). I disagree with this article for many reasons. Prostitution is a violation of human rights for numerous reasons. Some of those reasons include, but are not limited to; sexual harassment, rape, battering, verbal abuse, domestic violence, a racist practice, a violation of human rights, childhood sexual abuse, a consequence of male domination of women, and a means of males holding domination over women (Farley, 2000). Leigh also states in her article that “studies show a reduction in violence when sex work is legal” (2012), but according to Farley’s fact sheet, this proves to be untrue for the following reasons; 62% reported having been raped in prostitution, 73% have reported being physically assaulted in prostitution, 83% are victims of assault with a weapon, 75% of women in escort prostitution have attempted suicide, and 67% meet diagnostic criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Farley, 2000). In my opinion, Leigh did not put up a valid argument as to why prostitution should be legalized. She used many fallacies and little...
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...("Why Legalize Drugs? | LEAP").LEAP goes on to say that criminal gangs are driven by the huge profits from this monopoly, criminal gangs bribe and kill each other, law enforcers, and children and as such their trade is unregulated and they are, therefore, beyond our control ("Why Legalize Drugs? | LEAP"). It is LEAP’s belief that by eliminating prohibition of all drugs for adults and establishing appropriate regulation and standards for distribution and use, law enforcement could focus more on crimes of violence, such as rape, aggravated assault, child abuse and murder, making our communities much safer ("Why Legalize Drugs? | LEAP"). Another positive aspect of the legalization of drugs is financial gains. According to the International Business Times in a study for the Cato Institute, Jeffrey A. Miron, senior lecturer on economics at Harvard University and a senior fellow at Cato, and Katherine Waldock, professor of economics at New York University, estimate that legalizing drugs would save the government approximately $41.3 billion annually on expenditures related to the enforcement of prohibition (Ghosh, 2010). Of those savings, $25.7 billion would accrue to state and local governments, while $15.6 billion would accrue to the federal government (Ghosh,...
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...Alcohol Related Problems Introduction Alcohol related problems is one of today’s contemporary issues, as there are studies that suggest that due to alcohol related problems there are various impacts that it can have to an individual, and it can include social harms and any antisocial behaviour, such as alcohol fueled violence. This literature review will explore academic readings that can help assist identity key issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol related problems. Alcohol can have a huge impact on an individual lives which can also effect the community. Ergo, based on past research from the academic readings this literature review will explore prevention strategies that help reduce social harm to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can lead to. Benefits of the Literature Review By analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper knowledge of the effects that alcohol can lead to and the prevention strategies that are able to prevent and reduce social harm to the individual and community from the misuse of alcohol. Ergo, this literature review will benefit ‘assignment three’ as it is able to give a proper understanding of ‘alcohol related problems’ within areas, such as Manly. Consequences of Alcohol Related Problems The Australian Medical Association (2012) mentions that most Australians, especially the youths within society are drinking in a way that puts their own health at risk, which...
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...The Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005, ------------------------------------------------- 3. Definition of domestic violence.— For the purposes of this Act, any act, omission or commission or conduct of the respondent shall constitute domestic violence in case it— (a) harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or wellbeing, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse; or (b) harasses, harms, injures or endangers the aggrieved person with a view to coerce her or any other person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any dowry or other property or valuable security; or (c) has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or any person related to her by any conduct mentioned in clause (a) or clause (b); or (d) otherwise injures or causes harm, whether physical or mental, to the aggrieved person. Explanation I.—For the purposes of this section,— (i) “physical abuse” means any act or conduct which is of such a nature as to cause bodily pain, harm, or danger to life, limb, or health or impair the health or development of the aggrieved person and includes assault, criminal intimidation and criminal force; (ii) “sexual abuse” includes any conduct of a sexual nature that abuses, humiliates, degrades or otherwise violates the dignity of woman; (iii) “verbal and emotional abuse”...
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...Neglect in Childhood Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D.* Kevin Colwell, M.A.** Stephanie Schick, M.Ed.*** For: Encyclopedia of Crime & Punishment Project Director, D. Levinson Berkshire Publishing Group Great Barrington, MA * ChildTrauma Academy, Houston, TX and Children’s Mental Health Programs, Alberta Mental Health Board, Calgary, CA ** ChildTrauma Academy, Houston, TX *** ChildTrauma Academy, Houston, TX Official Citation: Perry, B.D., Colwell, K. and Schick, S. Child Neglect in: Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment Vol 1.(David Levinson, Ed.) Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks pp 192-196, 2002 Introduction Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment (a broad category of behavior that also includes sexual, physical and emotional abuse). The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), a review of abuse and neglect data from all states, reported over 1,000,000 substantiated cases of abuse in its last review (annual year 1994). Fifty two percent of these cases were from neglect. The majority of the 2000 or more documented abuserelated deaths each year are due to neglect. These statistics are likely an underestimate of the actual occurrence of neglect. Neglect is the least studied and most poorly characterized form of child maltreatment. This is due to multiple factors including the difficulty in defining and documenting neglect in children. Definitions Neglect can occur in several forms. A broad definition of neglect is any failure to provide for the basic...
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...identified safe shelter and other services for victims of domestic violence in Clay County as a "critical and local need.” When the steering committee investigated the needs in Clay County concerning battered women and their children, they found the nearest shelter was Hubbard House in Duval County, and it was usually full. Even if a woman could get to Duval County, the services she needed to access in Clay County were located in Orange Park and Green Cove Springs and there was no regular bus service between Jacksonville and these cities. When checking the local statistics on domestic violence calls against the number of women actually sheltered in Hubbard House, it was discovered that women in Clay County weren't going to Hubbard House. Shelter was needed in Clay County! Quigley House is named in honor of Pansy Quigley, who lived in Green Cove Springs from 1912 to 1988, and who was well known in Clay County for her volunteer work. The mission of Quigley House was established as such: "to break the cycle of domestic abuse by providing crisis intervention, temporary shelter, protection, counseling, community education, and prevention programs." Quigley House Domestic Violence Shelter Green Cove Springs Clay County Florida Community Education at Quigley House is all about awareness and teaching as many people as possible how they can be a part of the solution to making every home in Clay County a safe place by ending domestic violence and sexual assault. Every citizen has a responsibility...
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...Settings 9 Risk factor for Elder Abuse 10 Individual factors 10 Factors of Relationship 11 Factors of Community and Society 12 The result of elder abuse 14 Domestic Settings 14 Treatment in institutions 14 Preventing Elder Abuse 15 Feedback from national level 16 Responses from local people 18 Social Service 19 Health Care 20 Legal Proceeding 21 Campaign to generate public awareness 22 Recommendations 23 Greater Knowledge 23 Causes of the abuse 24 Impact of abuse 24 Evaluating the process 24 Stringent laws 24 Basic Rights for Elders 25 Traditions 25 Other preventive measures 26 Conclusion 27 Reference 28 Introduction The history of elderly abuse is not a very new phenomenon. It can be traced back from a very early age if we flip through the sociological status of yesteryear. However with the passage of time and further defining a goal to reform child abuse and domestic violence, the objective of elderly abuse has also been considered in the agenda. Unlike other form violence, the elderly violence has come into limelight with the progress of public health and criminal justice. The issue of these two forms has paved a way to view, analyse and curb the issue on violence towards senior citizens of a society. This paper will focus upon the issues concerning upon the violence that affects the elderly people either in house or in an institution. Moreover it will also cite the specific crime that usually occurs with elderly people which...
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...Building an Ethical Organization Part 1 My organization supplies support services to children and families going through abuse situations to help them recover or become free of an abusive pattern. We provide services for sexual abuse victims, domestic violence, adolescent substance abuse, teen crisis and intervention and parental alienation. The organizations team is comprised of seasoned clinicians including psychologists, certified alcohol and drug counselors, licensed clinical social workers, licensed clinical social work interns and marriage and family therapists. Services are low cost or free of charge depending upon client’s income and ability to pay. We never turn anyone away based on their inability to pay for services. We believe in providing wrap around services to ensure that our clients are getting the level of care and support that they need in every way possible. Our support services are designed to lend special services and needs to our clients while they are going through unfortunate life experiences. Outreach and education is an extremely important priority for my organization. Prevention comes from education and therefore they go hand and hand. Our education programs are designed to reach out to the community and give community members the tools that they need to keep their families safe. Equipping children with safety strategies and skill sets that work to prevent them from putting themselves in harm’s way can be what someday saves their lives. Knowing...
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...Battered Women Fight Back! Situation Analysis: ✓ Battered Women Fight Back! is a Boston, MA 501 (c) (3) agency with a goal to increase awareness that domestic violence is a direct violation of a person’s fundamental human right, Stacy Kabat is the main force driving BWFB! ✓ There are compelling statistics demonstrating the extent and gravity of domestic violence in the US, ✓ Women and children are the principal victims of domestic violence, ✓ Domestic violence is a major contributing factor to homelessness in the US, ✓ Businesses suffer significant losses because of domestic violence, ✓ Very few cases of domestic violence are reported, ✓ Children exposed to domestic violence are more likely to become “abusing” parents, ✓ Domestic violence crosses boundaries of ethnicity, educational background, income level, social class, ✓ However, domestic violence is perceived to be a “private matter for a certain population”, ✓ Academy award for best documentary given to “Defending Our Lives” gave a huge push to the issue of domestic violence making it a “national matter”, BWFB! through Stacy contributed to the making of the documentary, ✓ The murder cases of Carol Stuart and Nicole Brown Simpson have also contributed to bringing the problem of domestic violence into close public attention, ✓ Stacy Kabat wants to leverage the heightened public attention to promote BWFB! cause and expand its programs, ✓ BWFB! operates...
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...Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Domestic violence can affect anyone. Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another through emotional attack, fear, and intimidation. Domestic violence or battering, often, includes the threat or use of violence; this violence is a crime. Battering occurs when one person believes he/she is entitled to control another. Domestic violence affects people in all social, economic, racial, religious, and ethnic groups; whether the couple is married, divorced, living together, or still dating. Another reality is that abusers and their victims can be gay, strait, young, or old. Violence develops from verbal, physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse. Most domestic violence victims are women by men, but that doesn’t suggest that others cannot be battered or are perpetrators of abuse -- such as women on men, or same sex abuse. Battering or domestic violence, is now mutual and it is not a ‘couple’s quarrel’. Disagreements arise occasionally in all relationships, but battering involves every aspect of a relationship. While physical violence is the “enforcer” or the criminal act, other behaviors erode the partner or victim’s sense of self, self-determination, and free will; this is ultimately lethal for many women. Often batterers possess a low self-esteem and gain a sense of power by means of humiliating and controlling their partner. Control techniques can include verbal insults intended to bring...
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...National, State, and Local Human Service Organizational Structures and Processes Summary National, State, and Local Human Service Organizational Structures and Processes Summary Team A selected three organizations to analyze and understand their organizational structures and processes, and also to compare and contrast their similarities and differences. The organizations selected include the Red Cross, Arizona Child Protective Services, and Native Connections. Each organization will be examined for their organizational structure and whether the organization is governmental, private, for-profit, or nonprofit. The paper will analyze the departments, divisions, or specific areas of program delivery and how the organization builds community. How building community affects the value of the organization will also be discussed. The organizational culture will be examined and why the culture is important to the organization. The Blake and McCanse’s Leadership Grid and Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Model will be related to the each organization’s human relations model. A relevant strategic plan or organizational chart for each organization will be examined and a summary will be given of the differences between the national, state, and county or local human service organizations selected. Organizational Structure Organizational structure defines how the organization is arranged and operates (Lewis, Packard, Lewis, 2007). The Red Cross is structured in a combination...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Every day child abuse and neglect takes it's toll on innocent young lives. Nearly five children die everyday in America from their abuse. ("National children," 2011) Not only does child abuse leave it's victims with physical and emotional scars, but it also cripples their chances of leading normal happy lives. Many of these children tend to lean towards unhealthy social behavior as a way to cope with their abuse, which in turn may make them a juvenile delinquent. Child abuse is not a recent development. It has existed for thousands of years. However parents and society from thousands of years ago saw no problem with the way their children and other people's children were being disciplined. In fact children in that time had little to no rights and were mostly considered a nuisance and unimportant. Luckily for children today that opinion has changed. Unfortunately there are still thousands of children out there who are considered a nuisance and unimportant to their parent or guardian. Although physical abuse is the most critical, there are other types that can be just as damaging and leave their own set of scars. Other forms of abuse include emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. It's hard to say whether one form is more damaging than another. All forms of abuse can cause a child to have difficulties later on in life. Some of these difficulties may include damage to a child's sense of self, their ability to maintain healthy relationships, and their...
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...All children are affected by the violence in their homes. Regardless of whether or not our children have been physically abused, watching their mother being battered is a frightening experience. Children from violent homes can exhibit a variety of behaviors. Some may "act out" and may be viewed as delinquent. Domestic violence is an ongoing experience of physical, psychologic, and/or sexual abuse in the home that is used to establish power and control over another person.1 Although awareness about the rate of domestic violence in our society is increasing, the public health ramifications have only recently been recognized in the medical community. The majority of the medical literature to date has focused on the effect of domestic violence on the primary victim. What effect does witnessing domestic violence have on secondary victims, such as children who live in homes where partner abuse occurs? It is estimated that 3.2 million American children witness incidents of domestic violence annually.2 Witnessing domestic violence can lead children to develop an array of age-dependent negative effects. Research in this area has focused on the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional effects of domestic violence. Children who witness violence in the home and children who are abused may display many similar psychologic effects.3,4 These children are at greater risk for internalized behaviors such as anxiety and depression, and for externalized behaviors such as fighting, bullying, lying, or...
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...to look at a small corner of the world and that little small corner is the City of Chicago. This research has shown that statistically there are about Twenty-five thousand homeless women in the city of Chicago. This only accounts for single woman without children. However, we cannot really be sure if this number is accurate, because only woman who ask for help are accounted for. It does not account for the women who do not ask for help. How does this happen in this great city? In this research, there are many reasons, mental illness, domestic violence, and drug abuse just to mention a few. In the first, article Strausberg, Chinta. Chicago Defender [Chicago, Ill] 30 May 2001: 8. It states that there are Twenty-five thousand young women and youth that are homeless. One thousand to two thousand are into prostitution, or are involved with escort services, or illegal massage services that involve prostitution to survive they suffer incredible violence. This is all because there is not enough affordable homes or enough shelters where they can go. In the second, article Luhrmann, Tanya Marie The American Journal of Psychiatry165. 1 (Jan 2008): 15-20. States many woman who suffer from mental illness refuse help with shelter because they do not want to be looked as if they are crazy. This data looks at women especially who have some type of mental illness. They suffer more due to their local culture indifferences. The data looks for ways to provide help by downplaying the mental condition...
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...Domestic Violence, Women & Law in India Enforced by the social construct that women are weaker than men, domestic violence, the abuse of power by a person in relation with another using physical or psychological means, prevails all over the world. In India, every third married woman has been a victim of domestic violence, according to the National Family and Health Survey (2007). The lack of education and awareness about domestic violence in a male-dominated society along with the mindset and a police force not willing to interfere in the private lives of families led to an increase in such instances. The women are told to not complain about any difficulty they face by their own families and any woman who gathers the courage to complain is looked down upon by the members of her community. Before the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, the only legal remedies in the Indian Penal Code a victim could use were Section 498A and 304B which relate to cruelty against a married woman and dowry death, respectively. However, they failed to fill the void for which legislation that dealt exclusively with domestic violence was needed. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, with 37 Sections and 5 chapters, was lauded as an essential change in the kind of legal protection provided to women by the law. The act showcases that changing trends in the society are not left unnoticed by the government and recognizes the relationships ‘in the nature...
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