...it has been a federal requirement for sex offenders to register. With the introduction of the Wetterling Act, Megan’s Law, the Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act, and the Walsh Act this registration has been expanded and now requires community notification. This information must be given frequently until a statutorily required limit has passed depending on the severity of the crime. The Walsh Act established a three-tier system for offenders, offenders must register home and work addresses, failure to register results in a felony, internet restrictions, and length of registration variations from fifteen years to life (Bonnar-Kidd, 412). They all have aimed at reducing recidivism and sexual assault, but limits reintegration for the...
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...networking rapidly grows more and more popular, so does the amount of online predators. Online predators have been an issue for years now but it has proven to be very difficult to always catch them in the act. It may be near to impossible to completely stop online predators from chatting with young children online but in my opinion there needs to be something done to at least help stop some of these crimes, which is why I propose that the Parents Against Predators Act (P.A.P.A), a proposed legislation, become the 28th amendment to the constitution of the United States. P.A.P.A is now in the process of trying to become a law, but I believe that it should be taken a step further and that the constitution should have an amendment regarding internet safety to make the youth of America safer. The Parents Against Predators Act is an act that was authored and proposed in 2007 by Suzanne Stanford. The act was first proposed with the intent to help make the internet a safer environment for the children of today. Although there is no way that any legislation could completely...
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...cannot come back from. The juvenile sex offender’s registry and notification laws are controversial and proponents of these laws feel they act as deterrents to future offending even though there is no evidence to support this claim. In many cases recidivism has decreased with the proper assessment and treatment. Our country has an overzealous sex crime legislation dating back to the 1880s. In the United States there are three types of legislation dealing with sex crimes. The first was pre-World War II when offenders were subjected to indefinite institutionalization and sterilization. These policies were jointly influenced by the fields of sexology and eugenics (Ordover, 2003). Sexologists promoted the view that minor forms of sexual misbehavior would predict future sexual violence and homicide (Jenkins, 1998), whereas eugenicists promoted the view that criminal behavior was genetically determined (Ordover, 2003). Both of these fields developed the view that sexual offending was considered intractable, resistant to change and escalating, therefore, new legislation was established to enact extreme interventions by institutionalization offenders. In order to keep society safe from future exposure and danger from an offender’s offspring thus forced sterilization (Letourneau, 2013). This method has large economic costs to our government in funding for the physical care and procedure costs, which outweigh the benefits for this treatment. The offender and his family had to endure his...
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...Introduction. Historically, castration has been often used as a punishment to sex offenders. However, by late 19th Century, most of the castration sentences were disallowed upon appeal (Spalding, 1998). For this reason, legislative systems have made into law legislations that will revive the ancient castration method to condemn such men. However, this procedure has not escaped criticism from psychological, medical and psychiatric professionals. Some critics, such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), believe that mandatory chemical castration of sex offenders due to court order is unconstitutional (Spalding, 1998). The opponents of castration also argue that side effects associated with chemical castration such as serious allergic reactions...
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...is your first mental image and what emotion do you first notice when you hear the term, “sex offender?” Do you picture a scary looking male stranger? Is your first emotion, anger or maybe fear? Now, what is your initial reaction when someone says that the post-sentencing laws for these offenders may be doing more harm then good in regard to current legislation passed after high profile cases. Are sexual crimes all equally heinous, justifying opinions that the offender did the crime so they should accept the consequences? I believe that these laws were created with the best of intentions. Yet, these laws are now creating alternate paths to dangerous alternatives and roadblocks to the goals they seek to achieve. Legistation On October 22, 1989, an 11-year-old boy named Jacob Wetterling was abducted from a small town in Minnesota (Hawkins, 2009). Jacob and his two friends rode their bikes into town to a convenience store to rent movies (Hawkins, 2009). On the way back home, a gunman stepped out of the woods, and told Jacob’s two friends to run into the woods and not look back (Yoder, 2011). Jacob, who stayed behind, has never been seen since (Yoder, 2011). A massive manhunt ensued with law enforcement from all over, however their exhausting efforts never led them to finding Jacob or his abductor. This case captured headlines all over the United States and in 1994 it prompted legislation called the Jacob Wetterling Act 42 U.S.C. §§14071, et seq. to be passed by Congress and signed...
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...the United States and abroad. Children of all age groups use the internet for socializing, school projects, entertainment, and music. The internet opens up a world of information but can unfortunately open up a world of danger for children who are particularly vulnerable to this risk. Sexual predators lurk in chat rooms and social networking sites searching for victims. After the first initial contact has been made they develop friendships by saying that they have common interests which they don’t. The internet allows the predator to anonymously hide their identity and the child thinks they are talking to someone around their own age. We need more solutions to stop child exploitation. Educating parents, children, and adults as well as legislation and policy change are one step, but more needs to be done. Strategies to combine education, training for those in the criminal justice field, resources from law enforcement, public health, and other private and public sector organizations to prevent this from happening are underway and also provide a solution to the problem. Even with the knowledge and up-to-date training, technology is always advancing making it harder for those in criminal justice to stop online child exploitation from happening since the predators are finding new ways all the time to stay a head of law enforcement by using chat rooms, surfing the net anonymously or composing electronic email, and by encrypting their data. With more training and education it...
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...productions like the MTV show Catfish and the general increase of occurrences. Because of this, one would think that the attempts at intervention to try and stop this type of scam would increase also, but in reality no real progress has been made. The key to reversing the issue of online dating scams is identity verification. Both government legislation and social media sites, like Match.com or Facebook, have made fairly feeble attempts to protect users. Professor Aunshul Rege, a professor at Temple University in Pennsylvania, specializes in cybercrime and stresses the role dating sites play in the advancement of...
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...Sex Offender Registries and Community Notification Laws: An Ethical Dilemma by Amy Thorson NW 62-OM OM 4803 - Organizational Ethics John Brown University June 2009 Situation Definition Introduction of the Facts Sex offenders in American society are often seen as repulsive, violent individuals that deserve to be feared and punished to the fullest extent of the law. Their crimes are deemed the worst kind of violation of another human being. In fact, “the vehemence of the hatred for sex offenders is unmatched by attitudes to any other offenders” (Logan, 1999). Many state and federal laws have been passed in an effort to protect the public from these predatory sex offenders. The laws are aimed specifically at registering sex offenders, documenting sex crimes, and disseminating this information to the general public. The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act of 1994 requires that all states create registries for individuals convicted of sex crimes against children or any other sexually violent offense (Scholle, 2000). In 1996, President Bill Clinton signed Megan’s Law, which allows each state the discretion to establish criteria for registry disclosure, “but compels them to make private and personal information on registered sex offenders available to the public” (Klaas, 2008). Because many states depend on the federal government for funding of law enforcement programs, non-compliance with these requirements...
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...Safeguarding Assignment 2 Legislation, policies and workplace procedures which reduce the risk of abuse Hand In Deadline: 19th November 2014 Task 1: You must write a report that covers: * Legislation * Recruitment practices * Sector Guidance * Strategies and * Procedures that are used to safeguard vulnerable adults. In addition you must say how these can be used to help reduce 2 different types of abuse. This report will be looking at how legislation, policies and workplace procedures reduce the risk of abuse. Legislations are put in place to reduce the risk of abuse in certain environments and workplaces that are targeted by abusers. The definition for legislation is the act or process of making or enacting laws. In this report I will be covering the six legislations that are most known to us these are; The Sexual Offences act, The Care Standards Act, The Mental health Act, The Equality Act, The Human Rights and The Data Protection Act. The first one I will be covering is The Sexual Offences Act 2003. This Act lists the different types of sex offences. How sex offenders are monitored, how the police have to be informed if the sex offender has changed address or been away from home for more than seven days and it also covers sexual abuse of vulnerable people with mental disorder. This can help spot abuse within different environments, prevent abuse from occurring and stops sex offenders from abusing again within a matter of weeks. The...
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...Trends in Cybercrime-“Sextortion” in Teens and Children Curtis M. Styles CJA/570 April 23, 2012 Ray Gagne Trends in Cybercrime-"Sextortion" in Teens and Children Electronic methods of committing crimes in society today, is generally a new phenomenon. Modern crimes directed against the operation of computer technology itself, presents new crimes that are as new as contemporary technology. The Internet has opened a variety of new rooms for cybercriminals to commit cyber-based terrorist attempts, computer intrusions, and major cyberfrauds. Cyberextortion is an outsider threat designed to obtain money, products, or favorable considerations from an organization or individuals by using illegal means of persuasion related to computer intrusion (Cybercrime Investigation & Intelligence, 2012). This paper addresses the relatively new form of sexual exploitation called “sextortion” that has emerged on the cybersex crime scene recently, and its affect upon teenagers and children. In addition, the paper addresses the dangers of scams associated with “sextortion”, its criminal profile, law enforcement initiatives to combat “sextortion”, and the penalties for committing these types of crimes. “Sextortion” is a method of sexual exploitation in which individuals are extorted with nude images of themselves shared online over the Internet. Texting has become the modern day method of communication among teens and children, and in the case of “sextortion” these images are displayed...
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...Cherelle Squire safeguarding adults and promoting independence Unit 11 P4,P5,M2 In this essay I will be outlining key legislation and regulations which govern safeguarding adults work, outlining working strategies and types of abuse procedures used in health and social care to reduce the risk of abuse. Also I will be describing legislation and regulations, working strategies and procedures used in health and social care to reduce the risk of two types of abuse. Relevant legislation and regulations There is a law that has been passed by authority such as, parliament. The people that have to benefit from this legislation and policies are vulnerable individual. The European convention and human rights and fundamental freedom 1950 and the human rights act 1998 spelt out the basic rights of all humans and regardless of their condition or situation. The anti-discrimination act- equal pay act, sex discrimination and the age discrimination act, all of this play apart in the abuse that occurs as a result of discrimination. Legislation Safe guarding vulnerable groups act 2006 Protection of vulnerable groups act 2007 Main points ● Set for people who Application ● This also applies to work with children and employed people and vulnerable individuals volunteers to be registered ● ● There are separate but liked barred lists for safeguarding authority those working with to be able for deciding Protecting vulnerable groups ...
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...The most surprising thing I found is that all these revisions will not cost the state any money. The money granted for victims is state allocated funds for crime victims, therefor the money is already there and the bill does not need additional funding. The most troubling thing I found about the law is that offenders for all the offenses mentioned will have to be put in the registry of sex offenders. I do not believe that some of the offenses are strong enough to have the person be put in the registry. They will only take the spotlight away from those who are truly dangerous and are a cause for...
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...Victimology Shawn Everett AIU Online Abstract This paper will discuss victimology, civil rights movement, children’s rights, crisis centers, and safe houses as well as list organizations and other resources. Victimology Victimology is considered the study of victimization which includes connections between both victim and the offender as well as the interactions between the victim and our criminal justice system which can include the police, courts, and correction officials. It’s also important to know that victimology is not limited to the connection between the victim, offender, and the criminal justice system, but it can also involve connections between social movements and many forms of human rights violations (Stevens, 2003). Victimology was born in the 1940’s after two criminologist from Europe named Von Hentig and Mendelson, also known as the fathers of victimology began studying victims of crimes. Their theory was that the victim’s behavior as well as their attitude was the cause of the crime to be committed. During its birth, the focus of victimology was on how the victims were equally responsible for certain crimes with the offender (Carson, 2009). By the 1960’s the focus of victimology shifted towards the rights of victims due to movements such as the Civil Rights movements and the feminist movements. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s victimology turned towards ways to stop future crimes from happening, help victims of crimes to become organized and empowered, and...
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...submitted, acts of legislation passed, but sexual offending is still happening within our world today. This paper will further examine preventative actions that can be taken to reduce child molesting by educating children on the facts of molestation, actions of adolescent sexual offenders, what they should do if faced with an actual molestation situation, and the importance of background checks while also exploring approaches aimed at reducing recidivism rates from the clinical, justice, community protection, and community reintegration model, by combining preventative action, and recidivism reduction to solve the issue of sexual offending , specifically Child molestation. The offenders targeted within this category of sexual offenders are child molesters. Child molesters can be defined as individuals who have a greater sexual interest in children, and sexual activities with children (Canter & Kirby, 1995). Child molesters are offenders who target children, and engage in sexual activity with them. The first measure of prevention and possibly the most important is educating children on the facts of molestation, including molestation by adults, molestation by youth, what children can do in the actual situation if faced with molestation. Studies have been conducted on child molesters that emphasize profiling and determining recidivism rates based upon prior convictions (Canter & Kirby, 1995). Profiling and recidivism rates are helpful after an offender is caught, but to...
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...The term “crimes against the person” refers to a broad array of criminal offences which usually involve bodily harm, the threat of bodily harm, or other actions committed against the will of an individual. Involving bodily harm, or the threat of bodily harm, includes assault, battery, and domestic abuse. Additionally, offences such as harassment, kidnapping, and stalking also are considered crimes against the person. The crime I have chosen to research is assault and sexual assault. English law provides for two offences of assault: common assault and battery. Assault is committed if one intentionally or recklessly causes another person to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence. Violence in this context means any unlawful touching, though there is some debate over whether the touching must also be hostile. Confusingly, the terms "assault" and "common assault" often encompass the separate offence of battery, even in statutory settings such as the Criminal Justice Act 1988. A common assault is an assault that lacks any of the aggravating features which Parliament has deemed serious enough to deserve a higher penalty. Section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 provides that common assault, like battery, is triable only in the magistrates' court in England and Wales (unless it is linked to a more serious offence, which is triable in the Crown Court). Additionally, if a Defendant has been charged on an indictment with assault occasioning actual bodily harm or racially/religiously...
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