... Advocating for Health Care Policies. Nurse’s Vital Role as Policy Advocates Introduction “I’m not discouraged because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward” Thomas Edison (1847-1931). In today’s healthcare system, nurses are aware of the inconsistencies and the troubles that the healthcare system faces, and a need for a change. Expert nurses and nurses with vast experience are stepping forward and motivated to take part in advocacy roles. This movement is initiating a great wave of change in nursing world and how nurses influence a change in policies, regulations and law that oversee the health care system. Nurses stepping into this arena requires great deal of courage and knowledge on how the policies and politics interchange hands to implement a major change in health care system. The nurses who step up into this role should have the will, power and with power comes responsibility to negotiate through the legal system. Methods to advocate for health Nurses taking part in advocacy is not new anymore, but what advocacy means is still a mystery in nursing world. Great theorist like Florence Nightingale and her efforts, did influence other nurses throughout the nursing profession to step out of the box and shape the health system, where discover, heal and teach remains the core motto. Nurses throughout the world in some shape or form initiated policy recommendations, represented their view through vote, and proposed changes through proposals, this...
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...demographic subgroups in the nation. The healthcare needs of this discrete subsection are unyieldingly broad; drawing from variances in traditional emergency medical attention, additional routine healthcare inspections, and even to custodial long term care needs. With this weighty class and the immense healthcare needs and requirements, come intricate liability and legal concerns. Countless challenges await the elderly in attempting to litigate healthcare suits, from state policy variances, to damage caps, to demonstration of harm. It is abundantly clear the legal framework should be retuned, and retuned, specifically,...
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...defined as a system of principles and processes by which people who live in a society attempt to control human conduct to minimize the use of force in resolving conflicting interests.” When creating laws, conflicting interest often takes into consideration the basis ethical principles that includes autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice to name a few. Laws, particularly health care laws are often in the form of a statutes, such as the nurse practice act, that serves as a guidance for nurses to know what defines and limits our practice. As such, the law also regulates how statures must be enforced. Administrative agencies, such as the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services under the auspices of the Health and Human Services, have created rules and regulations to enforce statutory laws. When we look at laws in nursing and other industries, it is an extension to address ethical issues that universally affects our society. Health care agencies are mandated to adhere to the rules that are created by regulatory agencies that can come in the form of laws, regulations, or codes, and are enforced through controls that make sure that these rules are adhered too. Policies are then created from these rules to legally protect society. Abood states “. It is an interactive process with multiple points of access providing opportunities to influence the multiple decision makers involved at each stage. “(2007) Legislative versus Institutional Policies Legal guidelines in...
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...In 2006, AHIMA proposed the idea of a Legal Health Record as a set of health information that is compliant with specific laws and regulations. According to the Federal Rules of Evidence a health record identifies as a business record. This means the health record is created by a business and used for business purposes, as well as can be used for legal purposes, as it is presumed trustworthy. The Legal Health Record should also maintain any decisions make regarding the patient’s care, and the revenue needed by third-party payers. The general considerations when dealing with any format of a legal health record includes: purpose of record, compliance with laws and regulations, documentation, and rules of evidence. Also, much like paper legal health records, the considerations for electronic legal health records include: length of storage cost of storage, long-term usefulness, and long-term efficiency. When discussing one of the general considerations of the Legal Health Record, there are a few laws and regulations that come to mind such as HIPAA and how it defines a designated record set, which is different from the Legal Health Record. HIPAA’s privacy rule defines the designated record set as “a group of records maintained by or for a covered entity that may include patient medical and billing records; the enrollment, payment, claims, adjudication, and cases or medical management record systems maintained by or for a health plan; or information used in whole or part to make...
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...The Policy Process Throughout this paper we are going to cover the healthcare policy process. Policies are constantly reviewed and gone over to ensure that people receive the best healthcare possible. Each one has the potential to affect each of us on a daily basis, so careful consideration must be given when policies are proposed. It is important to understand the process of how a topic eventually becomes a policy. We are going to look at the three stages that a policy goes through before it is implemented. So let us get started we have a lot to cover. Formulation Stage A national health research policy should be formulated based on the national health policy, which in turn should conform to overall national development plans. The research policy system within which health research policies are formulated, is actually very broad. Three variants have been defined for general policy, although these rarely exist in a pure form4. These variants can also be applied to the health research policy system. * A unicentric health research policy system in which one authority (generally the government) is responsible. The result is a regulated system in which the government allocates funds and coordinates tasks. * A multicentre health research policy system, essentially a marketplace, in which many autonomous actors (research institutions and organizations) compete for the development of policy, which is attuned to the requirement of each research institution or...
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...Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Implementation of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Marcia Stevenson |General Purpose: |The history of EMR | |Specific Purpose: |To learn about the legal and Ethics requirements of an EMR | |Central Idea: |To educate the audience that EMR has been updated to reflect current trends, practices, | | |standards and legal issues | | | | | | | Ethical issues related to electronic health records (EHRs) confront health personnel. Electronic health records create conflict among several ethical principles. Electronic health records may represent beneficence because they are alleged to increase access to health care, improve the quality of care and health, and decrease costs. Research, however, has not consistently demonstrated access for disadvantaged persons, the accuracy of EHRs, their positive effects on productivity, nor decreased...
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...society that is ran in an efficient type of way. Laws were put in place to set rules of conduct, different ways to enforce those rules, a mean for settling misunderstandings or disputes, and to supply ethical expectations and standards. Some other important functions of laws are: they outline what the government can do and what it cannot do; brings out justice in society; facilitates orderly change; peacekeeping; and they promote economic growth. Something very important to know is that without laws, the way a business is ran or the way people may act, society would not be able to function effectively, with this being said commerce would likely collapse. Although many of the function of laws seem to be rather simple, The United States Legal System is very complicated. Laws have been classified into different categories; the four sources of law that have state and federal levels are; Administrative Law, Statutory law, Constitutional Law and Common law. These laws can work by themselves or they function together. Administrative Law is a power law. An executive or independent agency is given power of authority with the Administrative Law on the federal...
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...and Gauri define legalization of policy not depending on courts making final all-or-nothing decisions, thereby usurping the functions of more representative institutions, instead, it recognizes the open-ended and interactive nature of judicial decision making, suggests that policy making power is not zero sum across government branches and does not smuggle in normative judgments about the proper province of courts. Argue that courts more often add a relevant actor and relevant considerations than seize decision-making power from other actors Legalization as the participation of legal actors and the use of legal concepts in policymaking processes. Public policy litigation legalization- the extent to which courts and lawyers become relevant actors and the language and categories of law and rights...
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...Pfizer . The company started its activities in the pharmaceutical industry throughout the world with many companies, including acquisitions and mergers like Warner - Lambert in 2000 Farmsya in 2003 and White in 2009, noted that the company's cost of $ 68 billion in achieved in 2009.[ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/business/26drug.html] 1- External analysis PESTLE is part of companies’ external analysis and is a part of companies’ strategic analysis (Political Legal Economical Environmental Social Technological analysis).It helps in understanding the companies’ external factors which influence the development of the company. 1.1- Political and legal : In healthcare system and pharmaceutical industry the political factors are importance. The United States pharmaceutical industry does differently than many other national industries. Consumers and patients do not pay for their drugs directly, but receive them through government run healthcare systems. Regarding the U.S. market the change in healthcare industry will extend services and insurance coverage to a larger part of the population (Financial report, 2010)....
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...Legal Systems/Issues (Pei Shyan Low 4518416) 3.0 Legal Systems The most common types of legal systems adopted by countries, is that of common law and civil law. Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 states in Brazil, which happens to be a civil law country. The supreme rule in Brazil is the Federal Constitution (IALS 2014). The Brazilian legal system is established on codes and legislation enacted by the Federal Constitution, and also by the legislatures from the states and municipalities (LOC 2015). Brazil’s judicial system consists of the Federal Supreme Court, the Superior Court of Justice and a range of provincial federal courts (IALS 2014). The municipal government in Rio is made up of executive and legislative powers. The mayor holds the highest position in the municipality, who is elected by the majority vote (LOC 2015). The executive power is held by the municipality (Xavier and Magalhães 2003). The municipal chamber of Rio de Janeiro holds the legislative power (Xavier and Magalhães 2003). This overview is created for Disney who aim to broaden their knowledge of Brazil’s legal system for the launching of a new theme park in Rio. In order for Disney to ensure success in its expansion in Rio, the legal issues and implications must be considered in order to predict any risks they may face in the future. 3.1 Importance of Legal Considerations The Walt Disney Company has a fairly long record in franchising, and they have produced theme parks all around the globe. Franchising...
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...Healthcare reform advocates are undoubtedly relieved to have successfully facilitated a historical legislative process - the culmination of which resulted in President Barack Obama passing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), a federal statute which, in tandem with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (HCERA) of 2010, formed the Health Care Reform Act of 2010. This dual set of reforms jointly address many of the undesirable issues that have transpired within the United States health care system, such as offering citizens a cost-effective broad choice of Insurance coverage, bringing skyrocketing healthcare costs under control, making Medicare more efficient, and enacting consumer protection laws which will hold insurance companies accountable for the prevalent discriminatory actions which have pervaded the system (Obama, 2009). However, HCERA opponents will continue to utilize legislative protocol to upend the policy. As with any perceived discrepancy in the legislative process, opponents of HCERA are outraged that the “Democratic leadership’s decision to “ram through” reform using budget reconciliation to modify the Senate-passed bill sufficiently to make it acceptable to the House” (Aaron & Reischauer, 2010). As much as “outrage” may have no legitimate place in policy-making, high emotions will nonetheless negatively affect future debate. The level of vitriol from the opposition to health care reform reached unprecedented heights, with people...
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...management is optimal. With the complexities and dynamic healthcare needs of the population that DMEC serves, it is imperative to have a variety of healthcare resources available to assist the DMEC in revitalizing back the City of Amsterdam to a state of optimal health. The APN, in collaboration with other members of the healthcare team will address the needs of the clients, whether it is obtaining a glucometer, offering nutritional support, or other treatments that might be relevant to their illness. This will increase the patients’ ability to reach their state of optimal health. Through collaboration,...
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...1- Derive three opportunities and three threats for GSK by first making the PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment surrounding the pharmaceutical industry. (9 points) * PESTEL analysis of the pharmaceutical industry: Political: Since the creation of healthcare insurance, companies have to conform themselves to two kinds of systems: 1) The universal system applied for example in France, with less demand in new technologies. 2) The very selective anglo-saxon system which is looking for high technologies, excluding people who can pay for treatments. As we know the industry have to work on growing political focus on healthcare. Indeed, global governments are looking for healthcare savings especially in this time of economic crisis. Furthermore, as the European Union is trying to harmonize healthcare between its 27 members, pharmaceutical companies will have to introduce reference in pricing and to deal with increasing pressure on pricing. Economic: Due to the context of global economic crisis, the main threat for the industry stands in the reluctance of consumers to spend on healthcare. Like most of the sectors, pharmaceutical industry copes with a reduction in its growth, even if the market perspectives are positive. To emphasize: pharmaceutical growth is following the GDP growth. Social: As the over-65’s consume 4 time more than other citizens, the aged population represents an opportunity for the pharmaceutical companies which will have to respond to increasing...
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...The Summary Paper Legal/Ethics Issues In The Health Care Business BUS670 Rhunda Mitchell Instructor Little 10/24/11 More than any other industry, it is in the healthcare business that ethics are of utmost importance. This is because, people in this industry deal with such situations and circumstances, everyday, which have a direct bearing on another person's life. In this paper one will discuss the ethical/legal issues which are faced by the healthcare industry as a nurse, and ethical issues in healthcare, pertaining to both management and medical research and give suggestion on how to handle each situation in hand. Ethical/ Legal Issues as A Nurse: Nurses are subject to a wide range of legal, ethical and professional duties which can be very challenging. These duties are generally considered to be to respect a patient’s confidentiality and autonomy and to recognize the duty of care that is owed to all patients. As a nurse their duties have to be always professional, because there are legal implications if these duties are breached. They also must consider when it is okay as a nurse to breach these duties and therefore ethical issues arise. Ethics is a set of moral and practical guideline that influences nursing decisions big and small. One of the main priorities of a nurse is to advocate for their patients a nurse expresses and defends the cause of their patient, nurses are expected to protect their patients’ rights. Patients’ rights can vary from...
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...1. A. What is the role of congress in the policy making process? Congress is the designated lawmaking body of the federal government. Policies (laws) pass through congress via a long process. A member of congress will introduce a bill which is then referred to committee(s) in the Senate and House. The committee refines, approves, and sends the bill on to the Chamber of congress where it originated. The bill could also die in committee from lack of support. The House or Senate will vote on the bill and either approves it and sends it to the other chamber or it will die. The other chamber can approve, revise, or let the bill die. If both the House and Senate move a version of a bill forward, then a committee made up of both chambers come to agreement and send the bill back to the two chambers for a vote. The bill, if not approved, dies. If the chambers approve it, then it goes to the President to sign. If the President vetoes the bill, congress can override it if they have a two-thirds majority in both the House and in the Senate [ (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2007, pp. 13-18) ]. 1. B. What is the difference between mandatory and discretionary spending? “Mandatory spending programs are those where the federal government is obligated to provide funds for an expense” [ (Fay, 2008) ]. The allocation of this money is based on existing laws. Congress does not have to vote to approve spending the money each year, it will happen automatically. There are several examples of mandatory...
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