...surveyingLevelling & Surveying 3 3.1 LEVELLING & SURVEYING General The primary reference at water-level recording stations is a set of stable bench-marks, installed in locations where their level should not change. Upon initial set-up of a station, the levels of the relevant parts of the installation are established and recorded by means of accurate levelling. At least every two years, the levels of the staff gauges, sensor level, internal gauge, tower structure and benchmarks should be measured relative to each other as a check that records are not in error due to bank subsidence or other movement. Accurate levelling is thus a particularly important part of site establishment, installation and quality assurance. All staff shall be thoroughly familiar with its theory and practice. Levelling and surveying methods are also used for measurements of river channel and lake configurations. Often, less accurate methods can be used for this work than for water-level recording stations, although the techniques are common. 3.2 Definitions Differential levelling is the term applied to any method of measuring directly with a graduated staff the difference in elevation between two or more points. Precise levelling is a particularly accurate method of differential levelling which uses highly accurate levels and with a more rigorous observing procedure than general engineering levelling. It aims to achieve high orders of accuracy such as 1 mm per 1 km traverse. A level surface...
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...1. How does resources scheduling reduce flexibility in managing projects? Meredith and Mantel (2000, 302) stated that a schedule is the conversion of a project action plan into an operating timetable. As such, it serves as the basis for monitoring and controlling project activity and taken together with the plan and budget, is probably the major tool for the management of project. In a project environment, the scheduling function is more important than it would be in an ongoing operation because projects lack the continuity of day-to-day operations and often present much more complex problems of coordination. Shtub, Bard and Globerson (2005, 457) identify that resources scheduling is the process by which the project manager decides which resources to obtain, from which sources, when to obtain them, how to use them and when and how to release them.Given the finite nature of resource availability, a project plan may have to be modified so that it is practical. This is the major thrust of resource planning and management. According to Gray and Larson (2005, chapter 8), there are four major stages of the resource scheduling process. These stages are resource definition, resource allocation, resource aggregation, and resource leveling. Resource definition involves identifying the critical resources that need to be planned and managed for the successful completion of the project. In a multi-project environment as projects are competing for scarce resources, resource allocation...
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...Temporary adjustment of a theodolite Similarly to the levelling instrument we can distinguish between temporary and permanent adjustment of the instrument. The temporary adjustments have to be carried out every time the theodolite is used. 2.1 Setting up, centring, and levelling up. Setting up and centring concern the procedure necessary to place the instrument vertically above the station to be occupied (stationpoint). Levelling up is to bring the vertical axis V truly vertical. Very often theodolite surveying involves measurement of angles from a certain station point. The instrument should then be centred vertically above the stationmark and at the same time accurately levelled up. A suitable procedure to achieve this situation can be described in 7 points: 1. Put the tripod above the indicated stationpoint as accurately as possible, and with the top of the tripod approximately horizontal. The tripod legs are preferably at equal distances from the station mark. Now put the legs firmaly into the ground, so that that will be no danger of distrubance during measurement. 2. Mount the theodolite on top of the tripod, making sure that the instrument is firmly attached to it. 3. Use the optical plummet to determine if the mark of the stationpoint is within view. If not, repeat from point 1. 4. Use the three footscrews to get the stationmark exactly in probably not horizontal in this position. 5. Adjust one or more tripod legs to level the theodolite approximately...
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...horizontal that the civil engineer could need to do some subjects and its simple and easy to use Method: During this experiment we’ll locate 2 points and measure the distance between them and then we’ll but the theodolite on each point and measure the horizontal angles with a building that in our view and then measure its vertical angles from the top and the bottom of the building with the horizon and our objective from this experiment is to Get familiar with theodolite instrument and know the basics of it and what it used for and learn how to do centering and levelling to the instrument and we increase our ability of making reads and measuring angels ( vertical and horizontal ) . Equipment: 1- Theodolite instrument 2- Calculator 3- Tripod 4- Ranging poles Results & Calculations: Data (with graph) Horizontal angel AB = 4.9 M We set the theodolite at point A and we measure angels α1 and α2 after levelling and centering the theodolite And then we move the instrument to point B to measure angels α3 and α4 By theodolite the angels will be like the following : α 1 = 19.1 gon = 17.19° α 2 = 73.22 gon = 65.89° α 3 = 21.59 gon = 19.43° α 4 =113.53 gon = 102.18° - α 5 = 180° - (α 1+ α 2+ α 4) - α 5 = 180° - (185.26) - = -5.26 = 5.26° - α 6 = 180 – (α 3 + α 4 + α 2) - α 6 = 180 – (187.5) - = -7.5 = 7.5° using the tape we measure length of AB and by calculation we can measure A'B' B' B A - AB’ / (sin (α 4 + α 3)) = AB / sin α 6 AB’ = (AB * sin (α...
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...Table of Contents 1. Project background 2 2. Project purpose 2 3. Project overview 2 4. Project objectives: 2 5. Project scope 3 6. Project deliverables: 3 7. Project stakeholders 3 8. Project constraints 4 9. Project assumptions 4 10. Project team organisation 4 11. Work breakdown structure 5 12. Project schedule 7 13. Resource leveling (develop observation matrices and report findings) 7 13.1. Original schedule - matrix 7 13.2. Resource levelling within available slack - matrix 7 13.3. Resource levelling outside of available slack – matrix 7 14. Resource utilization 7 14.1. Original schedule with resource hours pre levelling - matrix 7 14.2. Resource reporting 7 15. Impact of quick sell-out 7 16. Measures of success 7 17. Conclusion 7 18. Abbreviations and definitions 7 19. References 7 20. Appendices 7 21. Attachments 7 1. Project background A famous band named billboard which has a great history of playing their band for over 20 years is about to celebrate their farewell concert at newly constructed Gig Park. At an estimated attendance of 20000 people on February 28th 2015 2. Project purpose The purpose of the project is to plan a farewell concert to the billboard as a tribute to their 20 years of music excellence. The fare well concert will take place at a newly constructed gig park with an estimated attendance of 20000 people which consists of groups from baby boomers to gen z 3. Project overview The project...
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...Survey Camp Report Group 3 The Technical University of Kenya Acknowledgements Group 3 thanks the entire School of Surveying and Geospatial Sciences for the exercise, Dr. Wayumba in particular for making it a success. The group also thanks Mr. Wangili, Mr. Shabola and Mr. Kayako for their time and dedication in the field. Their assiduous supervision and patronage throughout the entire exercise was invaluable. Table of Contents MEMBERS: 4 INTRODUCTION 5 OBJECTIVES 5 SURVEY TASKS 6 DAILY SURVEY TASKS 6 DAY ONE- Saturday, 14thJune 2014 6 DAY TWO- Sunday, 15thJune 2014 7 DAY THREE- Monday, 16thJune 2014 7 DAY FOUR- Tuesday, 17th June 2014 8 DAY FIVE-Wednesday, 18th June 2014 9 DAY SIX-Thursday, 19thJune 2014 9 DAY SEVEN-Friday, 20 June 2014 9 DAY EIGHT-Saturday, 21 June 2014 10 DAY NINE-Sunday, 22 June 2014 10 DAY TEN-Monday, 23 June 2014 10 DAY ELEVEN- Tuesday, 24TH June 2014 11 DAY TWELVE- Wednesday, 25th June 2014 11 Procedures 12 Cadastral Surveying 12 Setting out of a curve 12 Conclusion 13 Recommendations 13 MEMBERS: Virginia Mweru Maina 111/00727 Martin Mwai Kamau 111/00101 Stephen Muthee Mwai 111/00279 David Mwangi Waruingi 111/00771 Reuel Warungu Nderitu 111/00234 Tarus Kipruto George 111/00130 Sila Nyota Mgunya ...
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...AMPM600 Project Management Assignment 2, Microsoft Project 2013 2015, Semester Two Due Date: 13 Nov 2015 Instructions: On the following page Student name/number ………………………………….……………………… SEMESTER 2, 2015 Individual Assignment AMPM600 Introduction to Project Management This individual assignment is a computer project derived from the POM+ Project exercises of the textbook Project Management the Managerial Process. DUE DATE: See course outline for due dates throughout the semester. INSTRUCTIONS: This assignment must be completed individually, using MS Project 2010 or 2013 and MS Word. Answer ALL questions. All written work must be typed in 12 font, 1.5 line spacing and meet business standards. All PDF Reports must include your student ID in the footer. You may request feedback from your lecturer to verify the accuracy of your project files. However, you must be specific in your requests and any request must be in relation to the usage of Microsoft Project. You must upload your project files to Moodle, see your course outline for due dates. That is 1 MS Project file and 1 Word file for each part and PDF’s as required. All assignment work must be your own. You must save your project file after each part with the file name containing your Student ID, Last Name, First Name, Project Name, Assignment Part. E.G. 1234567_Rob Meadows_POM+Project_Part1.mmp Refer to the Course Outline for the assignment submission schedules...
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...customer relationship. 2- Just-in-time offers a smooth, continuous and optimised workflow, with carefully planned and measured work-cycle times and on-demand movement of goods, reduces the cost of wasted time, materials and capacity. Team members can concentrate on their tasks without interruption, which leads to better quality, timely delivery, and peace-of-mind for Toyota’s customers. Just-in-time is itself, based on four key principles that work together to support this unique concept at every level: Heijunka, Elimination of waste, Takt time and Kanban. HEIJUNKA – LEVELLING THE FLOW Heijunka The term Heijunka describes the foundation of the TPS approach to just-in-time processes – ones in which inventory costs are minimised by having the parts required arrive at their point of use only as they are needed. Unevenness in workload is known as mura. Heijunka is the elimination of mura by levelling the volumes to allow a smooth, continuous and efficient flow. It is the opposite of mass-production series, in which high volumes of a single product are produced, often significantly unrelated to demand. With heijunka a process is designed to switch products easily,...
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...How gaming has an impact on society: Gamming has a very powerful effect on society as we know it today most people think gamers are recluse that stay inside all day, are obese and have no social interaction what so ever. But not all gamers are like this some of us are sophisticated and have lives rather than not talking to anyone. What people say about the gaming industry and about gamers are wrong most of the time. Some of these are just plain wrong. Gamers and violence: Ever since a violent game has been around there have been people who are trying to put them down and cause controversy over the amount of violence in the video games. The papers have blamed many accidents caused by children or teenagers on them being able to play violent games. Many of these include, anger from call of duty competitiveness as well as more dangerous ones like shooting and robbing shops due to some effects of gta (grand theft auto) .These are of course due to speculation the papers have no proof that this is the case they say that games are the problem when they are not the problem it is mostly due to the fact that the children have access to a gun in the first place or their parents our bringing them up in a rough way or getting peer pressured into doing theses certain acts. This is a prime example of the papers speculating: The study is called “violent video games do not cause teens to become aggressive” ‘An 8-year-old in Louisiana shot and killed his grandmother. The incident...
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...multiproject plannings procedure lopende projecten: oplossing van knelpunten mbt resources op portfoliolevel dmv prioriteitenstelling en proactieve planningscyclus 2. "Methode: " 2.1. Offerte stadium 2.1.1. Selecteren op welke aanvragen wordt aangeboden (template voor aanvraag acceptatie gebaseerd op missie en strategische doelen van organisatie) Board 2.1.2. Project eisen screenen in offerte stadium: onderkennen van technische risico's en te ontplooien activiteiten (engineering scope) Concepts Inschatten van uren benodigd voor uitvoeren van activiteiten en toekennen van capaciteitsgroep Estimate/Afd. Hfd 2.1.3. Inplannen van activiteiten op project basis (single project masterplan) mbv "standaard"template Planner 2.1.4. Resource levelling check icm onderhanden werk en lopende proposals en terugkoppeling knelpunten Planner 2.1.5. Strategie knelpunten bepalen: Project Director/COO Uitbesteding Afdelingen Vergroten interne resources Afdelingen Project afwijzen Board 2.1.6. bepalen levertijd en tussentijdse (contract) milestones Planner 2.2. Pre-contract ondertekening 2.2.1. Voordat definitieve contract onderhandelingen ingaan; recheck op gewijzigde omstandigheden mbt lopende projecten en andere uitstaande offertes Sales/Planner 2.2.2 Resultaten mbt milestones en levertijden in definitief...
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...TUTORIAL 4 – C5: INDUSTRIAL BUILDING ALLOWANCE TUTORIAL QUESTION 1: AAN Sdn Bhd (financial year-end 30 September), a manufacturing company, purchased a factory from SAF Sdn Bhd on 23 October 2010 and incurred expenditure as follows: | RM ‘000 | Purchase price (including land cost RM450,000) | 2,500 | Stamp duties | 50 | Legal fees | 15 | Total | 2,565 | The SAF Sdn Bhd had used the factory for the purpose of its business up to 15 September 2010. The residual expenditure as at 31 December 2009 was RM1,020,500. The factory was constructed in 2009 at a cost of RM1,500,000. It was brought into use in November 2009 and capital allowances were claimed for each year. AAN Sdn Bhd used the building as a factory immediately after purchased. On 23 October 2013 AAN Sdn Bhd transferred the factory to its wholly owned subsidiary, ASM Sdn Bhd (financial year-end 30 June) for RM1,200,000 (excluding land cost). The market value at the time of transfer has been RM1,500,000 for the building and RM500,000 for the land. ASM Sdn Bhd engaged in the business of hiring storage space to the public and the building was used as a warehouse for the purposes of its business. REQUIRED: i- Compute the qualifying building expenditure and industrial building allowances of AAN Sdn Bhd for the relevant years of assessment (Show all relevant computations). ii- Determine the qualifying building expenditure and the industrial building allowance(s) of ASM Sdn Bhd for year of assessment...
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...TUTORIAL 4 – C5: INDUSTRIAL BUILDING ALLOWANCE TUTORIAL QUESTION 1: AAN Sdn Bhd (financial year-end 30 September), a manufacturing company, purchased a factory from SAF Sdn Bhd on 23 October 2010 and incurred expenditure as follows: | RM ‘000 | Purchase price (including land cost RM450,000) | 2,500 | Stamp duties | 50 | Legal fees | 15 | Total | 2,565 | The SAF Sdn Bhd had used the factory for the purpose of its business up to 15 September 2010. The residual expenditure as at 31 December 2009 was RM1,020,500. The factory was constructed in 2009 at a cost of RM1,500,000. It was brought into use in November 2009 and capital allowances were claimed for each year. AAN Sdn Bhd used the building as a factory immediately after purchased. On 23 October 2013 AAN Sdn Bhd transferred the factory to its wholly owned subsidiary, ASM Sdn Bhd (financial year-end 30 June) for RM1,200,000 (excluding land cost). The market value at the time of transfer has been RM1,500,000 for the building and RM500,000 for the land. ASM Sdn Bhd engaged in the business of hiring storage space to the public and the building was used as a warehouse for the purposes of its business. REQUIRED: i- Compute the qualifying building expenditure and industrial building allowances of AAN Sdn Bhd for the relevant years of assessment (Show all relevant computations). ii- Determine the qualifying building expenditure and the industrial building allowance(s) of ASM Sdn Bhd for year of assessment...
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...CONSTRUCTION WASTE AND DEMOLITION WASTE What is Construction Waste??(INTRODUCTION):- Construction and demolition waste is generated whenever any construction/demolition activity takes place, such as, building roads, bridges, fly over, subway, remodelling etc. It consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable material such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood, plastics etc. A part of this waste comes to the municipal stream. These wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste bin/container. It is not uncommon to see huge piles of such waste, which is heavy as well, stacked on roads especially in large projects, resulting in traffic congestion and disruption. Waste from small generators like individual house construction or demolition, find its way into the nearby municipal bin/vat/waste storage depots, making the municipal waste heavy and degrading its quality for further treatment like composting or energy recovery. Often it finds its way into surface drains, choking them. It constitutes about 10-20 % of the municipal solid waste (excluding large construction projects). It is estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually. Projections for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a shortage of aggregates to the extent of about 55,000 million cu.m. An additional 750 million cu.m. aggregates would be required for achieving...
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...another written by Henri Pirenne, both major historical authorities of the19 th century. The essays themselves are two perspectives on the transitional period between late antiquity and the early middle ages. An in-depth look into the historicalmaterial that these two arguments discuss can provide a greater depth of understanding of the transitional period.The main idea of Michael Rostovtzeff’s essay, The Decay of Ancient Civilization ,argues that the decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to a gradual barbarizationof the Empire from within, most notably in the west. It further stresses that the Greco-Roman assimilative elements that unified Roman society had slowly debilitated to anineffective state. This coupled with steady levelling down of the standards contributed tothe acceleration of barbarization in the cities. The process according to Rostovtzeff hadto do with two features of the period: “the political, social, and economic on the onehand, and the intellectual and spiritual on the other.” 1 On the political side of thingsRostovtzeff discusses the rise of the Germanic ruling classes and the resulting barbarization of government and the aristocracy. On the economic and social sphere therewas a decline and “gradual relapse of the ancient world to very primitive forms” of economy and social stratification. Intellectually and spiritually the empire was alsoaffected argues Rostovtzeff, claiming that the city state culture of the Roman world wasexploited; the “exhaustion...
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...PROGRAM AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT 641 ASSIGNMENT 2 NIGEL, Student ID: xxxxx Submission Date: 25th July 2014 Time-Phase Baseline, Gantt Chart and Project Scheduling Contents 1. Why is it critical to develop a time-phased baseline for a planning project and managing its performance? ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. 3. How does a Gantt Chart Differ from a Project Network Diagram? .......................................................... 5 Techniques to Compress and Adjust a Project Schedule........................................................................... 7 Reference List.................................................................................................................................................... 9 Page 2 of 10 1. Why is it critical to develop a time-phased baseline for a planning project and managing its performance? Time phased baseline is the distribution of activities, tasks, milestones, and resources over an appropriate time scale for the scheduled completion of a plan, program, or project. A time-phased baseline is critical for planning a project because it allows the project team to visually examine the project from a time sequence and cost (Larson and Gray 2011, 459). The phase-baseline begins with the breakdown of individual activities or tasks. This is condensed or group into a Work Breakdown...
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