...Soft drinks are enormously popular beverages consisting primarily of carbonated water, sugar, and flavorings. Nearly 200 nations enjoy the sweet, sparkling soda with an annual consumption of more than 34 billion gallons. Soft drinks rank as America's favorite beverage segment, representing 25% of the total beverage market. In the early 1990s per capita consumption of soft drinks in the U.S. was 49 gallons, 15 gallons more than the next most popular beverage, water. The roots of soft drinks extend to ancient times. Two thousand years ago Greeks and Romans recognized the medicinal value of mineral water and bathed in it for relaxation, a practice that continues to the present. In the late 1700s Europeans and Americans began drinking the sparkling mineral water for its reputed therapeutic benefits. The first imitation mineral water in the U.S. was patented in 1809. It was called "soda water" and consisted of water and sodium bicarbonate mixed with acid to add effervescence. Pharmacists in America and Europe experimented with myriad ingredients in the hope of finding new remedies for various ailments. Already the flavored soda waters were hailed as brain tonics for curing headaches, hangovers, and nervous afflictions. Pharmacies equipped with "soda fountains" featuring the medicinal soda water soon developed into regular meeting places for local populations. Flavored soda water gained popularity not only for medicinal benefits but for the refreshing taste as well. The market expanded...
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...Unilever has lessened the waste effect by 11% the delivered sold in 190 nations. The business methodology of Unilever is to bring reasonable development. Unilever consider the issues like shortage of water, carbon dioxide emanation, constrained vitality, and so forth as circumstances and attempt to address these issues. Unilever has a compass method for headway and change of the plan of action and their three columns i.e. buyers items and operation, these columns are then joined with the compass methodology to achieve the objectives and goals set by the organization. The novel gimmick of Unilever is the Unilever economical living arrangement (USLP) arrangement with its vision articulation. The techniques, which prompt both manageability and benefit development, are worthy to Unilever. Organizations now a day must be imaginative and generative of thoughts that will diminishes expense, procure more edges and diminished the danger connected with it (Unilever's Annual Report, 2013). On any given day, two billion individuals utilize Unilever's items to look and feel great, and get all the more out of life. Since a long time ago, settled names, for example, Lipton, Knorr, Lifebuoy, Sunlight, and Pond's have undergone new advancements, for example, the Pureit reasonable water purifier, making Unilever's scope of brands is as assorted...
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...Effects of offshore drilling Offshore drilling also known as Seaward boring is a topic that has brought controversy for a few decades, the drilling in United States coast has been detrimental in helping the economy and political stand in the country; however this process is extremely dangerous to the environment, individuals and animals, Case in point, the oil slick in the Gulf a couple of years prior significantly harmed nature and marine life Boring ashore is an immense extend in itself in addition to endeavoring to penetrate a mile under unpleasant oceans in a dark pit. Seaward boring is a serious and perilous process that takes exactness and time. Oil wells are regularly high rise size articles many feet beneath the surface. They are greatly mind boggling structures and the scarcest misstep might be annihilating to nature's turf. When boring can start, exploratory wells are situated up to discover the accurate oil gushers. When a spot is found with a sufficient measure of oil, a subsea boring format is placed set up to guide out where the parts of the well ought to be spotted. In the following step, a drill string, which join from the beginning the stage, is utilized to make gaps in the sea depths. At the point when the opening is profound enough, metal channel packaging is situated up around the dividers of the gap to stabilize it. Finally, a conductor funnel is placed set up to keep spillage from the openings. When petroleum is hit, preparation packaging is established...
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...ISSN: 2231-1963 STRATEGIES & METHODOLOGIES FOR LOW POWER VLSI DESIGNS: A REVIEW Kanika Kaur1 and Arti Noor2 1 2 KIIT College of Engineering, Gurgaon, India kanika.kiit@gmail.com artinoor@cdacnoida.in Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Noida, India, Abstract Low power has emerged as a principal theme in today’s world of electronics industries. Power dissipation has become an important consideration as performance and area for VLSI Chip design. With shrinking technology reducing power consumption and over all power management on chip are the key challenges below 100nm due to increased complexity. For many designs, optimization of power is important as timing due to the need to reduce package cost and extended battery life. For power management leakage current also plays an important role in low power VLSI designs. Leakage current is becoming an increasingly important fraction of the total power dissipation of integrated circuits. This paper describes about the various strategies, methodologies and power management techniques for low power circuits and systems. Future challenges that must be met to designs low power high performance circuits are also discussed. Keywords: Power Dissipation, low power, process nodes, leakage current, power management. 1. Introduction The advantage of utilizing a combination of low-power components in conjunction with low-power design techniques is more valuable now than ever before. Requirements for lower power consumption...
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...Division –A large and important unit or section of an organization. * Lavish –Large in amount or impressive and usually costing a lot of money * Threaten -To say that you will cause trouble hurt somebody etc. if you don’t get what you want. * Buyout - A situation in which a person or group gains control of company by buying all or most of its shares. * Backer - A person or company that gives support to somebody, especially financial support * IPO - Initial Public Offering (the act of scaling shares in a company for the first time). 2. Background a) About Time Warner * Time Warner is a very large U.S media and entertainment company selling magazines films television programmers and internet service all over the world. * It was formed in 1989 when the magazine company time Inc joined with the film company Warner brothers. * In 1996 it bought the turner broadcasting system which owns CNN. * Time Warne’s Magazines include time life and sports. * In 2000 it joined with American Online to from the world’s largest media company. (Source: oxford advanced learner...
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...discussion in leadership literature (Popper & Mayseless, 2002) as cited in Avolio. Many companies, which were small 20 years ago have emerged as leaders in the market, overtaking their once larger competitors. These firms internally have revamped the way they do business. They have focused on making changes to their managerial process, thereby creating a competitive advantage (Tichy & Devanna, 1990). The authors go on to say that although traditional managerial skills are important they are not sufficient to bring about organizational transformation. Transformational change will come by incorporating new strategies about people and the structure of the firm. These strategies may include leadership models or theories. A number of leadership models or theories exist, which address change in the way a firm addresses the management of its employees. The contingency view of leadership states there is not a particular model of leadership that is better than another, but rather various situational contingencies determine the success of different types and styles of leadership (Nahavandi, 2006). Of the many number of leadership models four are notable for change. These four consist of trait theory, behavioral theory, charismatic approach to leadership, and the cognitive resource model. A discussion of how each model addresses contemporary leadership issues and challenges follows. The trait approach to leadership has been referred to as the “Great...
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...dockside as longshoremen until they were able to become police officers. This same myth continues to hold that their descendants continue to live in three storied houses within ethnic ghettos where they have big parades of St. Patrick’s Day. The reality of Irish immigration to America holds a much more complex story. This paper will provide some historical context of the experiences of Irish emigration as well as the immigrants themselves. The trauma associated with early emigration has had a lasting effect on this ethnic group which will also be evaluated herein. The Irish Immigrant Experience It was during the great famine of the 1840’s in Ireland that tens of thousands began to immigrate to America in hope of creating a better life for themselves and their families. Many fled to the Boston area and within one year Boston’s Irish population grew from 30,000 to nearly 100,000 ( Gordon, 1964). Upon arriving to the United States many of the new immigrants set out to find a job immediately, a majority of them finding positions as servants and in fact during this time period 70% of servants in Boston were Irish immigrants and of the 70% of the Irish that were servants, two thirds of them were Irish women (1964). Reportedly Irish servants were said to be, full of melancholy and loneliness, and Irish women suffered from high levels of mental illness. As a result, by 1908, there were more Irish than were any other nationality in a mental hospital...
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...and age in which we live a man who is retiring at the age of 65 is maybe able to retire, maybe not, and after probably around 40 years of being part of the work force the amount of money he will be able to retire with is less than a third of what he would have retired with in 1940 when the life expectancy was much longer as well. (1) The first national Social Security was implemented in 1883 and the “magic-age” of 65 was determined as the age when a person should be eligible to no longer work and be taken care by his or her government. It is important to address here that the average life expectancy at this time was only 37 years old. So from its inception only about 54% of men and 62% of women even lived to be the age of 65 and now 130 years later the average American lives to be nearly 78 with some people living way past there. This longevity of life has put quite a damper on the government’s plans. (2) Over time the government’s social security plan began paying out more money then it was taking in. As the government began taking in less money that this aging population would have access to the medical cost for the elderly was simultaneously skyrocketing. (1) Throughout the 1990’s the rising costs of care for the elderly population scared politicians and those responsible for basically...
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...Zimbabwean Forestry Commission (FC) on behalf of the state. Colonial and post-colonial state implemented practices to dispossess and alienate forest residents from protected forests to make way for commercial timber harvesting and wildlife hunting. Besides being a deliberate strategy to force local people to become part of the reserve labour pool to generate capital for developing settlers, Forestry conservation has greatly disadvantaged the communities that live within and around reserved forests in Zimbabwe such as the residents of Gwayi/mbembesi Forests. The forest has a long history of settlement by largely Ndebele speaking people, stretching way back before state dispossession during colonialization. It is important to note that the scaling back of the state is associated with neoliberalization that resulted in cutting back of state funding to conservation leading to the FC (as a state cooperation) to raise this funding gap from protection of the state forests. Marketing of forests for funding conservation has gained impetus, where state controlled territories are offered to investors through rents and concessions in the form of safari hunting and timber concessions allowing them to make private capital. There are many ways in which the residents of Gwayi are disadvantaged and it starts from the focus of revenue generation from the use of wildlife leading to the forced move of forest residents. Matose (2014), speaks about the 'discursive blur' where he witnesses how the protection...
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...Except for gmake, all applications trigger scalability bottlenecks inside a recent Linux kernel. Using mostly standard parallel programming techniques— this paper introduces one new technique, sloppy counters—these bottlenecks can be removed from the kernel or avoided by changing the applications slightly. Modifying the kernel required in total 3002 lines of code changes. A speculative conclusion from this analysis is that there is no scalability reason to give up on traditional operating system organizations just yet. but the other applications scale poorly, performing much less work per core with 48 cores than with one core. We attempt to understand and fix the scalability problems, by modifying either the applications or the Linux kernel. We then iterate, since fixing one scalability problem usually exposes further ones. The end result for each application is either good scalability on 48 cores, or attribution of non-scalability to a hard-to-fix problem with the application, the Linux kernel, or the underlying hardware. The analysis of whether the kernel design is compatible with scaling rests on the extent to which our changes to the Linux kernel turn out to be modest, and the extent to which hard-to-fix problems with the Linux kernel ultimately limit application scalability. As part of the analysis, we fixed three broad kinds of scalability problems for MOSBENCH applications: problems caused by the Linux kernel implementation, problems caused by the applications’ user-level design...
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...Leadership journey with Gordon Bethune To build a successful Career except the personal qualities required, it’s a very important in which company or organization this leader will be able to achieve its success. Therefore I would like to tell first some more words for the history and success of Continental Airlines – a major U.S. airline headquartered in Huston, Texas * In 1934: “Varney Speed Lines” was founded.The beginnings of Continental Airlines started in 1934, when Walter Varney founded an airline company that he named Varney Speed Lines. . * 1937: After 3 years a young an entrepreneur Robert Six's bought 40% of the company for $90,000 $ That investment was used mainly to pay debts that Varney had accrued during the company's first three years. Robert Six led the company in changing its name from Varney Speed Lines to Continental Airlines, contending that the young airline would never be successful with a name like "Varney." Robert Six led the company in the years of the Second World War, After the war period, during the economy expansion in 60 and 70 years in US and retired after 45 years leading the company. We could say in a period of rapid Expansion. * 1982: Texas Air Corporation acquires Continental Airlines - Robert Six retired on 74 years and gave his confidence to Texas Air Chairman Frank Lorenzo to carry Continental Airlines back into profitability again. Actually Frank Lorenzo had the luck to buy 58% of the Continental Airlines because of the...
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...Success of Microfinance in Bangladesh: Its Determinants, Impacts & Challenges Chapter- One Introduction 1.1 Introduction: In recent years, microcredit, in its wider dimension known as microfinance, has become a much favored intervention for poverty alleviation in the developing countries and least development countries. There is scarcely a poor country and development oriented donor agency (multilateral, bilateral and private) not involved in the promotion (in one form or other) of a microfinance program. Microfinance programs claim many achievements as its impact and an outside observer cannot but wonder at the range of diversity of the benefits claimed. Although Bangladesh has huge potential for development, it is, for various socio-economic reasons, among the poorest countries in the world. About half of the country's population lives below the poverty line with 80% in the rural areas. The burden of poverty falls disproportionately on women, who constitute half of the total population. Logically, therefore, poverty alleviation and creation of rural employment are top priorities in the development agenda of the government of Bangladesh (GOB) which has adopted a broad based approach to poverty alleviation, emphasizing macroeconomic stability, economic liberalization, and support for a number of government agencies and non-government organizations (NGOs). Substantial progress has been made in implementing the microcredit program (MCP), and the scope for its efficient...
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... The hubble telescope is a space telescope capable of studying galaxies away that not any telescope to that point could even come close of seeing. This telescope wasnt the best or the first but it sure was the biggest and the most exstravegant at the time, how this telescoped worked was they had to launch it into space in order for it to be used in its full potential. This monster of a telescope too ka toatle of 2,800 watts to power it! Now its power was gained from solar of course considering in the vaccum of space sun light is the most reliable resource. When this was launched it was planned to stay in space for years observing and sending the data back to earth for NASA to observe. This monster of a telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, it was sent up on the space shuttle STS-31 and launched at the Kennedy LC-39B site. Now a lot of people think that Edwin Hubble was the one who invented this, well thats not the case in fact this was a telescope dedicated to Edwin Hubble and was actually invented and carried through by NASA. This was one of NASA's greatest observations and achievments, now the toatle mass and dimensions of this telescope were emance for one of...
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...CONTENTS Page No. Declaration 2 Acknowledgement 3 Contents 4 1. Objective of this project work 5 2. Introduction 6 3. Urban Poverty 7 4. Urban Microfinance 9 5. Financial Inclusion in India 11 6. Microfinance as an Anti-Poverty Vaccine 15 7. Transformation of Microfinance in India 19 8. Scaling up Microfinance 22 9. Microfinance in India - A Tool For Poverty Reduction 26 10. SWOT Analysis of Microfinance 29 11. Delivery Models of Microfinance 32 12. Interest Rates in MFIs and prevailing trends 36 13. Scope of further study 42 14. Conclusion 44 15. Bibliography 46 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT WORK This project work tries to outline the prevailing condition of the Microfinance in India in the light of its emergence till now. Microfinance refers to small savings, credit and insurance services extended to socially and economically disadvantaged segments of society. It is emerging as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in India. The prospect of Micro-Finance is dominated by SHGs (Self Help Groups) - Banks linkage Program. Its main aim is to provide a cost effective mechanism for providing financial services to the poor. To understand the transformation experiences better, the issues that trigger transformation were identified viz.: size, diversity of services, financial sustainability...
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...main objectives. The two means of gathering data accessible in accomplishing this project are Primary Data and Secondary data. The primary data are the info which is gathered largely for the investigation being processed. The term secondary data means the info consumed for the project were primarily projected for some other aims by other investigators (Saunders, Lewis, and Adrian, 2009) (Saunders, et al., 2009). Data collected for research can be either primary data or secondary data. Primary data is collected by the researchers from observations, interviews, case studies, action research, questionnaires, longitudinal studies, life histories and ethnographic research. This study mostly depends on primary data as it is focusing towards the service quality expectation and perception between customer and management of Burger King Colliers Wood (Carman, 1990). On the other hand secondary data is the data which already exists. It is collected from diaries, letters, previous research, Government reports, web information, historical data & information and official statistics etc. In this research, data has been collected by both methods of data collection. In order to build a comprehensive and complete background of this research, material has been gathered from journals, online references and books. The...
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