...Theory Sensorimotor Stage CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.2 Stages of Cognitive Development 12 Learning Objectives Development Throughout the Life Span 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and Stages of Adulthood 12.5 Nature and Nurture Summary of Multiple Influences on Development CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.5 Nature or Nurture? CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.3 Defining CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.4 Is There a Adolescence “Right Time” for Everything? CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION 12.4 Adulthood and Aging Physical Development Reproductive Life Life Expectancy...
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...PART 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT R esearching the process of human development across cultures provides us with an opportunity to improve the human condition as well as, hopefully, to acquire the knowledge needed to optimize life satisfaction. We therefore begin with an overview of how diverse social science and life science researchers (collectively known as developmentalists) approach the monumental task of studying humans over the course of the life span. Our discussion includes the goals of the scientific community, the recognized framework for studying the life span, what aspects of development warrant extensive examination, and what scientific methods are used to conduct research with humans. Chapter 2 discusses the main developmental theories over the past 100 years, when social scientists, biologists, and chemists focused on studying discrete aspects of human development. Earlier introspective methods about subconscious experience and contemporary measurable evidence about microscopic genetic codes, neurons, and hormones all contribute to our understanding of the human condition. Contemporary researchers are focusing on how to integrate scientific findings and theory from across cultures into a more meaningful whole about human development. CHAPTER 1 Introduction Critical Thinking Questions 1. Developmental change takes place in three fundamental domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional-social. Which domain has been most important for...
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...Paul B. Baltes’s Life-Span Developmental Approach 1. Development is lifelong. Development is a lifelong process of change. Each period of the life span is affected by what happened before and will affect what is to come. Each period has unique characteristics and value. No period is more or less important than any other. 2. Development is multidimensional. It occurs along multiple interacting dimensions—biological, psychological, and social—each of which may develop at varying rates. 3. Development is multidirectional. As people gain in one area, they may lose in another, sometimes at the same time. Children grow mostly in one direction—up—both in size and in abilities. Then the balance gradually shifts. Adolescents typically gain in physical abilities, but their facility in learning a new language typically declines. Some abilities, such as vocabulary, often continue to increase throughout most of adulthood; others, such as the ability to solve unfamiliar problems, may diminish; but some new attributes, such as wisdom, may increase with age. People seek to maximize gains by concentrating on doing things they do well and to minimize losses by learning to manage or compensate for them. 4. Relative influences of biology and culture shift over the life span. The process of development is influenced by both biology and culture, but the balance between these influences changes. Biological abilities, such as sensory acuity and muscular strength and coordination, weaken...
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...from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199073736?accountid=87314 A large alarming number of children under the age of 5 were not reaching full potential in cognitive and socioemotional development. This is a major problem in third world countries due to malnutrition, iodine, and iron deficiency and insufficient acceleration during early development. WHO and UNICEF made immunization a primary part of health care for all, the death rate had fallen by the millions in the less fortunate countries (Jolly, R. (2007)). The methods of research were not specifically stated but my interpretation it was done by reports on the children 5 and under from different government agencies, religious groups, and non-governmental organizations. UNICEF called this study child survival and development revolution. They also stated a decline in the death rate from 15 million to 12 million a year (Jolly, R. (2007)). Without the immunizations third world country children would be almost nonexistent after the age of 5. The researchers concluded this was a well needed study and totally preventable with time. The problem is not the lack of knowledge but the lack of resources and funds. The immunizations are saving lives and helping with the early child development crisis. Immunizations are a promising way to save lives, this relates to the question in week 2 reading, is vaccines necessary? Yes, children would not live past pre...
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...CHAPTER: Chapter 6 (Learning) ANSWER TO QUESTION: Based on the reading of Kohler’s Study of Insight, Kohler believed that there was a deeper process of learning than simple “trial and error”. It seemed from his experiments that we first study and think about the problem for a while and then “in a flash of insight” we understand the solution (Huffman, 2007, p. 228). EXPERIMENT: My experiment will test whether children ages 2-3 use insight, or sudden understanding of problems, to find the solution. I will first randomly assign four children into two groups, two children in each group. Group One: no instruction given in regards to the different materials provided (CONTROL). Group Two: will be instructed to retrieve the ball in a playpen using the materials supplied (EXPERIMENTAL). Both groups will be given the same materials (playpen with two balls inside and scattered chairs throughout the room) and the same amount of time to solve the problem (1 hour). After an hour we will observe and see how many children retrieved the ball from the playpen (DEPENDENT VARIABLE) with the use of the chairs (INDEPENDENT VARIABLE) in the room. ALTERNATE FINDINGS: I would expect to find that the children would first study the problem and then later figure out that they could move the chairs to retrieve the balls from the playpen. If this were not the case and the...
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...entertainment devices. (Lee, Jin, Park, & Kang, 2005) As we know, Internet offers many conveniences. As a result it has made many people depend on it. What is worse, a large number of people have become addicted, especially to online game addiction. By2007, the population of online gamers worldwide was about 217 million, approximately 28 percent of the total online population (comScore,2007).In addition, online game addiction is prevalent in many countries, including China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, U.S., and Canada. In South Korea, 2.4 percent of the population, ages nine to thirty-nine, were believed to be addicted to online games, and over 10 percent could be classified as obsessive gamers. (Faiola, 2006). Research says effects can be good: reduces stress, improves learning ability, and develops team work. Others oppose by saying negative consequences outweighs the good: violence, aggression, time management problems, and low academic performances. The growing population of computer games and its various effects do not exempt the...
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...these processes affect learning. • Describe the types of attachment infants have to their caregivers. • Explain how attachment and emotion regulation are related. 9.1 What Shapes Us During Childhood? Biological and social forces combine to shape the path of human development. – developmental psychology: the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior Physically, each human grows and matures at about the same periods in the life span: 9.1 What Shapes Us During Childhood? Biological and social forces combine to shape the path of human development. – developmental psychology: the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior Physically, each human grows and matures at about the same periods in the life span: 9.1 What Shapes Us During Childhood? Biological and social forces combine to shape the path of human development. – developmental psychology: the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior Physically, each human grows and matures at about the same periods in the life span: 9.1 What Shapes Us During Childhood? Biological and social forces combine to...
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...Hockenberry & Wilson: Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 8th Edition Pub Review Chapter 3: Family Influences on Child Health Promotion MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following family theories is described as a series of tasks for the family throughout its life span? a.|Interactional theory| b.|Developmental systems theory| c.|Structural-functional theory| d.|Duvall’s developmental theory| ANS: D d. Duvall’s developmental theory describes eight developmental tasks of the family throughout its life span. a and c. These are not family theories. b. Developmental systems theory is an outgrowth of Duvall’s theory. The family is described as a small group, a semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system. Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 32 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Family Systems 2. Which of the following family theories explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote adaptation to these events? a.|Interactional theory| b.|Developmental systems theory| c.|Family stress theory| d.|Duvall’s developmental theory| ANS: C c. Family stress theory explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In addition, the theory helps suggest factors that promote adaptation to the stress. Stressors, both positive...
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...our Daily Lives Benefits of early intervention for special children stressed Article by: | | IVY LISA F. MENDOZA Manila Bulletin Website If there is one thing that has been proven beneficial to children with special needs, it is early intervention (EI). Experts say that intervention services given early to children with special needs starting from ages 0 to eight years old result to long-term benefits thus minimizing the need for special education and other related services. Among these EI services are therapies (speech, physical, occupational), special education and others. "There are also the humanistic and pragmatic rationales for EI, and the biological fact that the human brain?s plasticity allows it to develop when stimulations are provided,?? revealed Dr. Mark Reysio Cruz III, a developmental and behavioral pediatrician whose work involves children with special needs. Dr. Reysio-Cruz along with Mrs. Susana Gosalvez-Pe, a parent of three children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) recently shared their expertise and experience with early intervention, detection and assessment in special education at a symposium. Titled ??Phases to Face: Detection, Assessment and Intervention," the symposium was organized by the master?s in special education class of Dr. Lilia S. Bautista in De La Salle University (DLSU) which aimed to present varying viewpoints in dealing with children with special needs, particularly those with ADHD. "There are...
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...Child Psychology Exam 3 – Study Guide What will Exam 3 Cover? Exam 3 will cover all lectures and assigned textbook material from Chapters 7 (p257-260), 8, 9, 10 (p 366-367), 11, and 12. There may be some overlap between the concepts from the first parts of this course, as many of the ideas we discussed during infancy are also important during early and middle childhood, but the exam will focus on early and middle childhood. • What are some of the main advances in children’s thinking during early childhood? o Growth of representational skills- one objects stands/represents another ex. Banana as phone • Be able to describe the findings of the various conservation tasks. What do they tell us? o Conservation of number: young children (4-5 yo) don’t understand # of chips is still same b/c now occupy more space; older children understand concept of conservation o Conservation of length; area; mass; displaced liquid: all results are same as number task 4-5 yo unable to understand conservation concept; they think more now when still is same • What does the Judy Deloache model-room study examine? How do children do on this task at different time points in development? o 2 ½ - 3 ½ y.o watched as she hid toy in model room; Results: 2 y.o didn’t know tasks were related and searched larger room at random; 3 y.o searched in same location as model room o Study examines child’s representational skills: ability to recognize that one object stands for another ie. Small model...
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...Development Instructor: Daniella Atwell August 20,2012 “Child Development Theory” 2 Child development occurs from birth and continues throughout adulthood, and during their life span they go through many different changes, including language, physical growth, and cognitive abilities. Interest in this field has been very important to researchers because they want to know what happens during child development as well as the influences on development. There are a few theorist who have their views on child development and they are Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. Understanding child development has become very important today as we all want to Know what a child actually goes through during their development, and later on in life because most of these things will affect them later on in life. Many people don’t realize the many different stages a child goes through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of development describes every aspect of development, by using stage approach, and other theories focus on cognitive and social growth, and with social development, some theorists have considered how the challenges as an individual matures; With this being said, psychoanalyst...
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...changes as it grows. Infancy is the “period that starts at birth and continues until the second birthday” (Feldman, 2014, p. 113). Some of the biggest changes happen in the realms of physical growth, cognitive development, sensory perception and nutritional needs. All these work together to form a functioning, intelligent, capable human. Although, there can still be some nature/nurture controversy over prenatal development, labor, birth, birth complications and the development of the competent newborn, things are changing. Infants grow at a rapid pace during this time. Non quiet as obvious as the physical growth of the infant. “Average newborns weigh just over 7 pounds, and measure 20 inches long” (Feldman, 2014, p. 114). They go from being helpless to dynamic moving, eating, talking experimenting children. “By the end of his or her second year, the average child weighs around four times as much as he or she did at birth and average a height of 3 feet” (Feldman, 2014, p. 114). Infants go through four principles of growth from birth to their second year. The cephalocaudal principle states that growth follows a direction that begins with the head and then proceeds to the rest of the body. The proximodistal principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward. The principle of hierarchical integration states that simple skills develop separately, but that these skills are integrated into more complex ones. The principle of the independence...
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...development of children and adolescents. | | | nj26 | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies regarding the effect of sleep on the development and psychology of children and adolescents. 9 Sleep and the Body Mass Index and Overweight Status of Children and Adolescents 9 Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 10 Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and Wise Choice for School Aged Children (EDITORIAL...
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...society and the individual, the course intends to enable students in developing abilities needed for meeting the challenges and needs of the real world effectively. Along with it, students would also be encouraged to build a relationship with oneself, requisite for self discovery. To this end, the course emphasizes on building the conceptual foundations and acquiring psychological skills through classroom teaching/learning consisting of reflective as well as creative engagement in exercises, projects and hands on experiences. The teaching-learning of the programme would be organized through lectures, group discussions, experiential exercises, group projects, presentations, workshops and seminars. Students would be encouraged to connect to real life issues and participate in the programs and practices in the different social context. To this end practicum is incorporated as an important component in most of the papers with hands on training in the use of various research methods such as: laboratory experiments, field experiments, observation, testing, survey, interview, case study. The programme has three components i.e. Discipline 1(DC1), Discipline 2 (DC2) and Application courses (AC). While in DC 1 practicum is a key component, AC follows a modular pattern where hands on training will be provided for developing psychological skills and their applications. Every semester, teaching will be spread over 16 weeks, including 2 weeks for review. Teaching of DC 1 and...
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...influences on health and life expectancy. Audience: Explain to a person who has not been studying influences on human development, what you learned by completing this assessment and how you can use information from the class to understand biological and life style choices on life expectancy. Format: Write a short paper 1-2 pages responding to the prompt below. Cite information from your text or another credible source to support the information presented. Use APA formatting, including in-text citations and use of a reference list. Please attach your paper in the DROPBOX provided for this assignment, NOT in the box that says “Comments.” The assignment is worth 10 points. See Rubric on second page for the grading point distribution. Task: After completing the How Long Will You Live assessment (completed in class, or at the end of this document if you were not in class), describe the change in your predicted life expectancy from your beginning life expectancy. What genetic and personal health factors had the most influence on the difference between these figures? What genetic and personal health factors had the least influence? Referring to the information in chapters 2, 3 and 4 – about genetics, physical development and health and wellness and your life expectancy calculation, explain what life practices you need to retain, and what changes you might make to increase your personal life expectancy. Why are these...
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