...The Program music Cansoun per ma mio (Song for my love) illustrated a picture of countryside simplicity. A pianist started with a group of minor third intervals phrase at different range. Tenderly, a saxophone arrived after an introduction by the piano, it soloed gently to calmed audiences mind down. When piano appeared again accompanied saxophone, it coupled with a disjunct melody and conveyed a sweet intimacy. This made audiences fantasize a romantic countryside story that happened in Provence. Time seemed to be slowed down, it was so relaxing that the elderly couple sat in front of me closed their eyes, and a man folded his hand on his lap. At this moment, audiences were touched by the soft music. The simplistic of the music generated people’s long for slow life in a quiet country. When piano kept doing few coherent high-pitched chord it was like imitating the water in the light stream. The saxophone created a turning point by a group of falling notes. A thin and homophony texture is provided by saxophone, which soloed a melody accompanied with Piano. I noticed the song has an ABA’ form because at the end the melody went back to its beginning with small modifications, and brought peaceful feelings as before. This form made audiences feel familiar to the story because the repeated parts told us that song is coming to the end. The story of a tender and poetic pastoral life accompanied with a reminiscent of the past has ended. The next song La Bohémienne (The Bohemia...
Words: 520 - Pages: 3
...Christian Stiers Human Geography Linguists Film Analysis 1. Why do linguists study languages, and what is lost when a language dies? Figure out possible ways the human mind can make sense of the world around it. Some unique way of seeing the world could be lost. 2. What areas do Gregory and David choose when they are looking for languages to research? Areas most in need and areas with history of colonization. India, Bolivia, and Siberia are some examples. 3. Who typically stops speaking the indigenous language, and why do you think that is? Often children, because they integrate into a more popular language. They do this for an economic advantage. 4. What has been the role of boarding schools on the use of indigenous languages? Provide some examples. Mitigated disaster. Kalinga Institute in India has 60 indigenous minority groups are educated in English and taught Hindu religion, which puts pressure on their individuality. 5. What is the conflict between education for indigenous groups and preservation of language? Is there a way to resolve this conflict to the benefit of the indigenous groups? Many different indigenous groups are brought together and educated in a common language like English. They should continue to practice their indigenous tongue when they are young so they have high elasticity and will retain their culture. 6. Since many tribal people are not Hindu, where do they fit within the Hindu paradigm...
Words: 1146 - Pages: 5
...Curriculum Goals and Development Army Linguist Screening Course Christian R. Chenard Strayer University Chesapeake, Va 6 August 2010 Dr Edwin Martinez del Rio 1 Curriculum Goals and Development Abstract The curriculum goal of this paper is to present the course designed to develop screenerinterviewers for the Army's Military Intelligence personnel tasked with interviewing civilian contractors interested in applying for positions of trust with the US Government. This powerpoint slide presentation is the product this author put together for the United States Army. It takes us through the major steps necessary to show how two things happen. First are the roles played by the main participants in this effort, i.e., the Army and several contractors bringing together civilians who wish to hire on as linguists to the military to work shoulder to shoulder with the forces deployed in the Middle East combat zones. These candidates would be native speakers of arabic, farsi, pashto, urdu and other languages needed in the area. Second, the new screeners are also in training to become experienced at interviewing these linguist candidates. The new screeners are mostly not used to interviewing anyone, so interrogators who are already skilled counter intelligence interviewers are selected to train the other military intelligence soldiers as to methods of obtaining personal information from the candidates who come to the interview with already filled out documentation...
Words: 2101 - Pages: 9
...diverged through time to form the numerous languages spoken today. Since many scientists believe that the first fully modern humans appeared in Africa, the mother tongue theory is connected with a more general theory of human origin known as the Out of Africa theory. Currently, the theory of evolutionary monogenesis tends to be favored by a group of linguists working in the United States. Regardless of the origin of language, the fact remains that there are over 5,000 mutually unintelligible forms of human speech used on Earth today. And, although many are radically different from one another in structure--the differences are superficial since each and every one of these languages can be used creatively. Languages do not differ in terms of their creative potential but rather in terms of the level upon which particular distinctions are realized in each particular language. What is expressed concisely in one language requires a phrase in another language. (Examples of aspect and evidentiality; also words like Swahilimumagamagama "a person who habitually loses things" and Russian zajchik "the rainbow reflection from glass." Linguists study how each particular language structures the expression of concepts. Such cross-language comparisons fall under a branch of linguistics called language typology. If the structural diversity of human languages is superficial,...
Words: 520 - Pages: 3
...Discussing the ongoing war on spoken language, MacNeil uses historical illustrations to to show how language has evolved and continue to evolve and persuade his audience to follow the path of the past. He uses expert opinions to back up the illustrations and to further validate his argument with ideas presented by other linguists. MacNeil uses appeals to pride to persuade his American audience to take pride in their regional dialect, all while being more accepting of fellow American...
Words: 1283 - Pages: 6
...Language: Many Facets Communications comes in all kinds of sounds and symbols. A creature communicates in various ways, whether it is by sounds of voices, sounds of animals, signs, or symbols very existence of creatures on this planets attempt to communicate in some facet. According to the typical definition of language the response is simple. Willingham, 2007 states that “communication must be communicative, arbitrary, structured, generative and dynamic to be deemed a language.” The sound of animals is a part of communication, but these sounds are arbitrary, they might even be regarded as dynamic; however it is not structured, but it is original, so it makes a particular sound, even though it is not generative. The mental dictionary is of interest to the cognitive functions, and language assimilation of an individual because of the stored images of the speech, and the lexicon. The lexical doorway accrue the spelling, pieces of sounds, and pronunciation for every single word that has been incorporate into a person’s vocabulary. Furthermore, it is amazing how an individual can selectively distinguish the words by cross-referencing these forms of speech with things that they have identified with that is perceptible. Human beings attempt to associate certain sounds that animals make with precise lexicons to see if those specific sounds can formulate a specific language. According Willingham, 2007 he states in the text that language is hard to define. The standard definition and...
Words: 1056 - Pages: 5
...Eqbal Mohammad Cleared Linguist with CI Polygraph 10429 Rapidan Lane Manassas, VA 20109 Cell: 571-839-1523 meqbal30@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- Profile More than 9 years of experience in translation , interpretation and Linguist management for Senior U.S Military Personnel and Afghan National Security Forces in Afghanistan which included translation of hundreds of documents and simultaneous and near simultaneous interpretation of dozens of Senior Leader Seminars for Afghan military and civilian officials hosted by U.S military. In addition, I have managed and supervised more than 75 linguists supporting Operations Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. More than 2 years of experience instructing Dari and Pashto languages including a working knowledge of Afghan Culture to the U.S. military in U.S. ------------------------------------------------- WORK EXPERIENCE Dari/Pashto Linguist/Translator Feb.2011-Jun-2014 Mission Essential Personnel LLC.| Afghanistan. * Translated hundreds of projects from Dari to English and vice versa. * Translated military, medical, legal and Afghan Government documents from Dari to English and vice versa * Edited translated documents from Dari to English and vice versa. * Translated/Interpreted for U.S army during Detainees Operation in Bagram Airbase, Afghanistan. Dari Instructor Jan.2009-Feb.2011 American Federal Contractor, (A.F.C) Fort Polk, La, USA * Provided professional...
Words: 585 - Pages: 3
...INTRODUCTION Based on the discussion of the validity of Noam Chomsky’s perception of Universal Grammar (UG), some past & current researches which maintain & contest Chomsky’s UG from different areas are represented. The essay focuses on: 1) Chomsky’s Universal Grammar in brief, in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) context; 2) Evidences supporting Chomsky’s UG - views offered by linguists such as Williams and White, etc, to provide arguments to support UG pertaining to first language acquisition and second language acquisition; 3) Evidences refuting Chomsky’s UG - according to Piaget and Haspelmath, etc, based on the insufficient assumption of SLA and also biological evolutions; 4) UG and language teaching; 5) and in the conclusion, I shall add my two-cent worth of perspective as a language teacher. 1) Chomsky’s Universal Grammar in Brief Universal Grammar is the brainchild of Noam Chomsky, adopting the cognitive approach. Human beings have implicit knowledge of grammar but may not be able to explain how they get this ability. This is because they have no conscious awareness of the processes involved. 1) Universal grammar is a theory of knowledge: It is mainly concern with the internal structure of the human mind, suggesting that the speaker knows a set of principles that apply to all languages, and parameters that vary from one language to...
Words: 4414 - Pages: 18
...E-mail: ruzan.meldoyan1993@mail.ru I found your job advertisement on your official website applying for a position of linguist last Tuesday. In High School I was particularly strong in languages, participating in different competitions, aimed at checking English-language knowledge. At such contests, I was one of the top three students in my native city –Abovyan. During my school years I was appointed to be the monitor of the class due to my responsibility, leader qualities, good organizational skills, ability to work in team, and good relations with teachers, classmates. Now I am a student in the university after V. Brusov. The main subject of my studies was linguistics. I also study foreign languages. My first language is English. I study also Hindi and German. I have taken part many programs and competitions. Studying four years I have discovered a passion for languages, I enjoyed my English classes, in particular my Linguistics classes, and even though they were very general I found those topics relating to human languages extremely exciting. For instance, I realized that the study of Linguistics goes beyond understanding the structure of language, I came to realize that this would help to understand how the unconscious knowledge that humans have about languages works, and how languages differ from each other. I was particularly attracted to your Linguist position because of the job description of the languages used in your company. I am fluent and have excellent command...
Words: 291 - Pages: 2
...ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE It is an intriguing question, to which we may never have a complete answer: How did we get from animal vocalization (barks, howls, calls...) to human language? Animals often make use of signs, which point to what they represent, but they don’t use symbols, which are arbitrary and conventional. Examples of signs include sniffles as a sign of an on-coming cold, clouds as a sign of rain, or a scent as a sign of territory. Symbols include things like the words we use. Dog, Hund, chien, cane, perro -- these are symbols that refer to the creature so named, yet each one contains nothing in it that in anyway indicates that creature. In addition, language is a system of symbols, with several levels of organization, at least phonetics (the sounds), syntax (the grammar), and semantics (the meanings). So when did language begin? At the very beginnings of the genus Homo, perhaps 4 or 5 million years ago? Before that? Or with the advent of modern man, Cro-magnon, some 125,000 years ago? Did the neanderthal speak? We don’t know. There are many theories about the origins of language. Many of these have traditional amusing names (invented by Max Müller and George Romanes a century ago), and I will create a couple more where needed. 1. The mama theory. Language began with the easiest syllables attached to the most significant objects. 2. The ta-ta theory. Sir Richard Paget, influenced by Darwin, believed that body movement preceded language. Language began...
Words: 868 - Pages: 4
...rugged conditions that require physical exertion. However, when not traveling, you'll generally work regular hours and spend the majority of your time performing research, writing reports and presenting your findings. You might split your time between research, writing and teaching by working as an anthropology instructor at a college or university. Because so many languages are in danger of disappearing, linguists are trying to learn as much about them as possible, so that even if the language disappears, all knowledge of the language won't disappear at the same time. Researchers make videotapes, audiotapes, and written records of language use in both formal and informal settings, along with translations. In addition, they analyze the vocabulary and rules of the language and write dictionaries and grammars. Linguists also work with communities around the world that want to preserve their languages, offering both technical and practical help with language teaching, maintenance, and revival. This help is based in part on the dictionaries and grammars that they write. But linguists can help in other ways, too, using their experience in teaching and studying a wide variety of languages. They can use what they've learned about other endangered languages to help a community preserve its own language, and they can take advantage of the latest technology for recording and studying languages. When a community loses its language, it often loses a great deal of its cultural identity at the...
Words: 626 - Pages: 3
...With the increased number of technologies such as laptop, tablets and smart phones, a new language has emerged in our daily electronic communication. This language is called texting language, txt-speak, shorthand language, smsish and fingered speech. It has become very popular and it pushed so many linguists to express their concerns about how it overwhelms the English language. In fact, linguists have contrary opinions about the social media language. Some of them consider this language as a factor that wrecks English and seeps to the Standard English, so it is a threat. The changes we see taking place today in the language will be a prelude to the dying use of good English (Sun, April 24, 2001). Another group of linguists are delighted by the creativity of this language and how people nowadays can condense their thoughts in 140 characters only. It's a well-known fact that language is in a constant state of evolution and highly mutable, so we all have to adapt to these changes and take because English decades ago is not the English we are using now and it won't be the one we will witness decades to come. A sentence like this "AAR8, my Ps wr :-) - they sdICBW,&tht they wr ha-p 4 the pc&qt." Makes me linguistically doomed and wonder whether texting language is language change or language decline. It means at any rate, my parents were happy- they said it could be worse and that they were happy with the peace and quiet. Is it modern jargon that comes up with every generation...
Words: 294 - Pages: 2
...teoretice si aplicate Anul II. Sem. I Introduction From the perspectives of construction, poetic and cognitive function and working mechanism, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of metaphor as a cognitive process, where metaphor is constructed from human perceptual experience and is extended through imaginative processes An important feature of cognitive stylistics has been its interest in the way we transfer mental constructs, and especially in the way we map one mental representation onto another when we read texts. Cognitive linguists have consistently drawn attention to this system of conceptual transfer in both literary and in everyday discourse, and have identified important figures of speech, through which this conceptual transfer is carried out. Conceptual Metaphor, also called Cognitive Metaphor, was developed by researchers within the field of cognitive linguists. It became widely known with the publication of Metaphors We Live By, by Lakoff and Johnson, in 1980. Conceptual metaphor theory has since been developed and elaborated. Definition and Construction of Metaphor As we know, metaphor is a type of figurative language in which one thing is described in terms of some other thing. The word metaphor comes from Greek ‘metapherein’ which means carry over. Another translation is transference, a term more familiar to us from psychoanalytic theory. In a metaphor, one of the basic senses of a form, the source...
Words: 2068 - Pages: 9
...younger people. And for example, the absence of “r” in words can be influenced by status and it means something different in every region. In Charleston, the high-status groups use the absence of “r” in words more frequently than the working-class or low-status groups. But at the same time in New York City, the r-lessness is associated with working-class and low-status groups. There can be a bigger impact when you pick up all distinct features of the speech of the people you identify yourself with and of the people that are like you. This is when varieties of speech associated with particular groups within a society arise. Linguists call these varieties “social dialects” and they are also known as “sociolects”. When looking at regional dialects linguists look at where you are located when you use certain dialect features, but when looking at social dialects linguists look at who you are and what social groups you are a part of. Social dialects are spread accross the country because nowadays people easily come in contact with people from all over the world. Poverty, class distinction and racisme can cause groups to remain socially isolated from others. This gave rise to one of the biggest social dialects in the united states called Black English(ebonics)/African American. Also important and widely spread are the social dialects : Slang and The Internet...
Words: 325 - Pages: 2
...Memory, Theories on Language Student ID: 21923613 July 12, 2015 Essay Assignment Exam number: 250391 Language learning from what I’ve read starts when you are about a year old. Learning theory approach to language development suggest that “Language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning.” They give one example in our textbook on page 232 about a mother praising her baby for saying “mama” which means the baby is more likely to continue saying it. Once the baby gets older the learning theory approach to acquisition no longer applies, because it has an issue with grammar. A child that might say “Why he walks away?” could be understood by the listeners around so it makes the theory harder to explain. So we might as well jump to our next topic in language acquisition, which is an innate process by nativist Noam Chomsky. Chomsky believed that people shared something called universal grammar. He also suggested the language acquisition device, it’s a neural system of the brain to help the understanding of language. There is also clear evidence from scientist who have helped this innate process they have researched. They have discovered that there are specific places in the brain that contribute to learning languages, and there are certain areas in the mouth and throat that help with new speech. There is also some research on how some languages need a different tone in speech such as pitch to make a words mean different things such as Chinese. In...
Words: 806 - Pages: 4
