...In the given case Liquid Chemical Company manufactures and sells a range of high-grade products. Many of these products require careful packaging. The company has a special patented lining made that it uses in specially designed packing containers. Mr. Walsh the general manager was carefully looking at the problem and as a matter of solution he came up with the four alternatives: * Alternative A: It is the status quo. (i.e., Liquid Chemical Co. will continue making the containers and performing maintenance.) * Alternative B: Liquid Chemical Co. will continue making the containers, but it will outsource the maintenance to Packages, Inc. * Alternative C: Liquid Chemical Co. will buy containers from Packages, Inc., but it will perform the maintenance. * Alternative D: It is completely outsourced. Packages, Inc. will make the containers and provide the necessary maintenance. The analysis of each of the four alternatives is given below in terms of the NPV: Option A | Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Cost of GHL net of tax savings | | | | | -144000 | Purchase of other materials | -500000 | -500000 | -500000 | -500000 | -500000 | Supervisor | -50000 | -50000 | -50000 | -50000 | -50000 | Worker | -450000 | -450000 | -450000 | -450000 | -450000 | Rent of warehouse | -85000 | -85000 | -85000 | -85000 | -85000 | Maintenance | -36000 | -36000 | -36000 | -36000 | -36000 | Other Expense | -157500 | -157500 | -157500 | -157500 | -157500 | managers...
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...Alternative D 6 Part B Additional information for decision making 6 Other financial factors 6 Nonfinancial information 6 Part C Alternative that was chosen and why 7 Work Cited 8 PART (A) The following is looking at the four alternatives that Liquid Chemical Company can possibly use for their company. Alternative A is them staying with the status quo, Alternative B is outsourcing the maintenance to Packages, Inc., Alternative C will buy containers from Packages, Inc. but they will continue to perform the maintenance, and Alternative D they will completely outsource packaging and maintenance to Packages, Inc. I will then discuss what I think Liquid Chemical Company should do with their current situation. With alternative A, the status quo, Liquid Chemical Company will remain in its current situation. In the company’s first year they had a total in costs of $1,558,500 for the year. All of the costs that the company currently has that I feel are necessary costs in order to keep their company running. This will remain the same situation for at least five years because of the amount of GHL that they had purchased when the company opened. They managed to use 1/5 of the chemical and if they stay with the status quo and production continue with this pace it will take them another four years to use up their stock of GHL. They will also have to continue the maintenance on the machinery in the amount of...
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...the intermolecular forces of the liquids. INTRODUCTION Evaporation is the process whereby atoms or molecules in a liquid state gain sufficient energy to enter the gaseous state. The thermal motion of a molecule must be sufficient to overcome the surface tension of the liquid in order for it to evaporate, that is, its kinetic energy must exceed the work function of cohesion at the surface. Evaporation therefore proceeds more quickly at higher temperature and in liquids with lower surface tension. Since only a small proportion of the molecules are located near the surface and are moving in the proper direction to escape at any given instant, the rate of evaporation is limited. Also, as the faster-moving molecules escape, the remaining molecules have lower average kinetic energy, and the temperature of the liquid thus decreases. In this project, we will focus on the rate of evaporation of water, acetone and diethyl ether. We can determine the major factor that cause the difference of the rate of evaporation between them. Most liquids are made up of molecules, and the levels of mutual attraction among different molecules help explain why some liquids evaporate faster than others. Intermolecular attractions that exist between the molecule of the water, acetone and diethyl ether affect the rate of evaporation. This is because liquids that have stronger intermolecular attractions evaporate more slowly than liquids that have weaker intermolecular...
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...LIQUID METAL EMBRITTLEMENT (LME) RAGHAV MOHAN Graduate Student M.S in Technical Entrepreneurship and Management University of Rochester INTRODUCTION Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) is a phenomenon of practical importance, where certain ductile metals experience drastic loss in tensile ductility or undergo brittle fracture when tested in the presence of specific liquid metals. Generally, a tensile stress or a residual stress is needed to induce embrittlement. Many mechanisms were proposed to explain the phenomenological characteristics of LME. The significance of liquid metal embrittlement is revealed by the practical observation of several structures experiencing ductility losses and cracking during hot dip galvanizing or during subsequent fabrication. Liquid metal embrittlement effects can be observed even in solid state, when one of the metals is brought close to its melting point (e.g. cadmium-coated parts operating at high temperature). This phenomenon is known as solid metal embrittlement. OBSERVATIONS OF LME Mechanical structures are typically a space frame fabricated from parallel large diameter tubes, called chords, cross braced by smaller diameter perpendicular and diagonal tubes(e.g. sign bridge structures over freeway) .After welding, the structure is hot dip galvanized. The hot dip galvanizing process consists of submerging the structure in a bath of molten zinc. This leaves a relatively uniform zinc coating over the entire structure upon...
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...) f) Oil / Chemical / Gas Tanker Familiarization Course. g) Specialized training Programme on Oil / Chemical /Liquefied Gas Tankers h) Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator Course 2½ days (Operational level ) i) Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator Course 5 days (Management level ) j) Indos Receipt or Indos Certificate. k) Passport. 2. Application for Certificate ( Endorsement ) for service on Tankers for each Type of Tanker is to be applied separately 3. Applicant have to produce all the above mentioned certificates in original with valid medical certificate at the time of collection of DC Endorsement 4. Training Officers Rating Level 1 Basic Operational Level Support Level STCW 95 Appropriate Certificate of Competency Reg V /I para 1 Advanced Fire Fighting Course (STCW Code A-VI/ 3) Fire Prev. and Fire Fighiting Course ( STCW Code A-VI /1-2 ) Tanker Familiarization Course ( Oil /Chemical/ Liquified Gas Tanker) AND Liquid Cargo handling simulator course 2-½ Days (For Deck Officers on Tankers only) OR 3-months supervised shipboard service (Oil/Chemical/ Liquified Gas Tanker) Level 2 Advanced Management Level STCW 95 Appropriate Certificate of Competency Reg. V/1 para 2 Advanced Fire Fighting Course (STCW Code A-VI/3 Specialized Training programme on : Oil Tanker operations; OR Chemical tanker operation; OR Liquified gas tanker operations 3 months experience appropriate to duties on the type of tanker Liquid cargo handling...
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...order to avoid the direct contact between skin and the chemicals. Avoid the spill of chemicals during shaking the solution in the test tube. Must dispose liquids with lead in inorganic waste and filter paper in solid waste. The other liquids can be disposed in the drain with a lot of water. Procedure: Use the graduate cylinder next to the stock solution, obtain approximately 35ml of 0.012M Pb(NO3)2 in 0.20M KNO3 into a 250ml beaker. Use the graduate cylinder next to the stock solution, obtain approximately 30ml of 0.03M KI in 0.20M KNO3 into a 150ml beaker, and use the graduate cylinder next to the stock solution obtain 10ml 0.20M KNO3 into a 50ml beaker. Label four test tubes as 1,2,3 and 4. Pipet 5ml of 0.012M Pb(NO3)2 into each test tube, and pipet 2ml of 0.03m KI in KNO3 and 3ml of 0.2M KNO3 into test tube 1, pipet 3ml of the same solution and 2ml of 0.2M KNO3 into test tube 2, pipet 4ml of the same solution and 1ml of 0.2M KNO3 into test tube 3, and pipet 5ml of the same solution into test tube 4. Stopper each test tube using parafilm and shaker the test tube thoroughly for few minutes. Obtain a fifth test tube and pipet 10ml of 0.012M Pb(NO3)2 in KNO3 and 10ml of 0.03M KI in KNO3 and shake the mixture solution and wait for the precipitate to settle. Use stirring rod to decant the solution. Add approximately 3ml of 0.2M KNO3 into the fifth test tube and shake it and decant the solution again, discard the liquid. Add 0.2M KNO3 into the fifth test tube until the test...
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...The purpose is to find which liquid would be the most effective in dissolving blow pops. In the previous year, research has shown that the two different type of substances, polar and nonpolar affects whether something would dissolve. In this lab, we will test Blow-Pops into 4 different liquids, water, oil, soda, and vinegar to see which would be the most effective. First, we put the Blow-Pops into the different cups provided with the different liquids, then, we observe and check after every five minutes to see if the liquids have any effects on the Blow-Pop. Lastly, we concluded that out of the four different liquids we used, vinegar was the liquid that Blow-Pop would dissolve the fastest in. It has long be considered that sugar can...
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...I will be looking to see how the pH level effects the evaporation rate of water. After looking at previous studies on both water evaporation and the effects pH can have I created my hypothesis that the lower that the pH level of the water is the faster the rate of evaporation in the water will be. Evaporation is when liquid is vaporized from the surface of the liquid into the form of gas. It happens when atoms escape from the liquid and become vapor. If the relative humidity of all the air is less than one-hundred percent saturation then that will make the net transfer molecules go to the air. When water is at a certain temperature then it will evaporate at a faster rate. Which causes water to evaporate quickly when it is boiling. For molecules in liquid...
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...Definition of terms Allowance * permitted amount of something that is allowed, especially according to regulations. Average selected time * the arithmetical average of all actual times except the abnormal times taken by the workman to compute a task or an element of a task. Avoidable delay * any delay of operator for which he/she is responsible and over which he/she has control. * it refers to delay which the operator may avoid if desired. Condensation * The change of a gas or vapor to a liquid, either by cooling or by being subjected to increased pressure. Critical path method (CPM) * an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. Decomposition * The separation of a substance into simpler substances or basic elements. Can be brought about by exposure to heat, light, or chemical or biological activity. * The process of breaking down organic material into smaller molecules that are available for use by the organisms of an ecosystem. Delay * any cause of postponement, interruption, interval, pause or wait until later before doing something. Delay allowance * a time increment including a time standard to allow contingencies and minor delays beyond the control of the workman. Density * is a physical property of matter and is a measure of mass per unit of volume of a material or substance, as each element and compound has a unique density associated with it. * Defined in a qualitative manner as...
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...time. You should never allow the top of the condenser to be stoppered because if you attempt to heat sealed glass apparatus it may explode. Also, you should heat gently because there is a huge risk, when not heated gently, of the equipment exploding and breaking. Also, heating under gentle reflux means the solution can vaporise correctly. Distillation Distillation is when you purify a liquid by a process of heating and cooling. Water enters at the end of the tube. The thermometer is placed inside the distilling flask. Anti-bumping granules are used to provide many places where bubbles of gas may form as the water boils. The bubbles are small and rise steadily to the surface of the liquid where they burst. Without the granules, fewer but larger bubbles form. They rise and burst with such force that they shake the test tubes which can be a hazard. Recrystallisation We recrystallise in order to purify chemicals. In order to recrystallise, we first have to add a small quantity of appropriate solvent to an impure solid. Then we have to apply heat to dissolve the solid. After this, we have to cool the solution to crystallize the product. Finally we use a vacuum filtration to isolate and dry the purified solid. Melting point We use this to determine whether the correct product has been...
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...process for a liquid being injected into rock so then it creates a fracture in them that allows it to open more and release oil and natural gas. There have been many opinions on whether fracking is good or bad but in my opinion fracking isn’t really a good thing, There are many pros and cons about deciding if fracking is a good or a bad thing. Some pros about fracking that are said in Source B is “that the natural gas industry claims that fracking is safe, using natural gas to heat homes and power for the cars releases fewer carbon emissions than coal, and in oil and gas industry have many contractor and subcontractor jobs that are tied to...
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...Purpose of Oil and Gas Separation on Offshore Structures Reservoir fluid is a complex mixture of gas, oil, water, solids and other contaminants that must be separated and processed. Separation is the process whereby reservoir fluid is separated into its component phases of gas, liquid and solid. The separated products are further processed to sellable, reuseable and disposable quality after separation. Reservoir fluids are usually gathered in an Oil and Gas production facility where separation and processing takes place. If the well location is in a deep offshore location, the cost of laying long distances pipelines to onshore processing facilities might make the project to be uneconomical. When it is uneconomical to lay long distances pipeline to onshore facility, the reservoir fluid is separated into its component parts and stored on offshore platforms like the Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) facilities. Periodically, vessels go to the FPSO to load products and transport such to the customers. A new area being exploited is the floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facilities where processing of gas to LNG can take place. Oil and gas separation is also carried out offshore in order to avoid flow assurance issues associated with transporting reservoir fluid from long distance offshore location to onshore processing facility. Some of these issues are hydrates formation, wax deposition, asphaltenes problems, corrosion etc. All these happen when there is...
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...substances using its density. It is the amount of matter occupying a unit of volume. Different types of solids and liquids were measured to get its density including a unknown sample (liquid). We started first on liquid samples which are distilled water, isocrophyl alcohol, coconut oil and an unknown liquid sample. The percentage error ranged below 5.00% for all sample except for coconut oil. We are also able to identify the unknown liquid sample to be kerosene as we compared it with its actual density value. For solid samples, a wood block, pebbles and a marble was examined. The density results were found to be 0.69 g/cm3, 0.53 g/cm3, and 14.21 g/cm3 respectively. Everything that let the overall results to be accurate and precision were the accuracy of the measurements of the samples. INTRODUCTION Density is an intrinsic property which means it doesn’t depends on the amount of a substance. It is defined as the amount of matter (usually as mass) occupying a unit volume. Density is commonly expressed in g/ml for liquids, g/cm3 for solids, and g/L for gases. It can describe the characteristic property of a certain substance. The formula for density is defined as D = M/V wherein M is mass of the material and V is the volume the material occupies. The mass of a liquid or a solid may be taken directly from a balance. Likely the same, the volume of a liquid sample may be read from a graduated cylinder. Certain formulas can be used to calculate the volume of regular solids...
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...sulphuric smell, that can be found in science laboratories, swishes our nose. On the right, in the spacious lab, there is a small, wooden cabinet filled with chemical liquids. Sanguine, emerald, metallic grey, xanthous and yet the colours go on. As we take a detailed look at the liquids, we automatically lean closer to the cabinet, and its frowzy, stuffy smell hits our nose. In a hitech science laboratory, we would not have imagined such smell. In the entire room, there are only ten tables for the individual learning. A teacher is more useful, when they teach individually, especially when it comes to a scientific subject. Each table has an electronic balance, a huge, intact microscope and an aseptic lavatory. After a quick survey of the interior, our eyes come to a woman, sitting near to the window. Brown, short, straight hair, slender, attractive face with black, thick frame glasses. She reads with great concentration, her eyes rarely look up from the book. Every now and then she takes a long, deep breath and her shoulders slowly rise and fall. Her metal bracelet clings on the grey, hardware table with every move, when she turns a page. Suddenly, an agonised, thin voice splits in the air. As we look at a young experimenter, who sits near to the reading woman, we see a beaker full to the brim with scarlet liquid in front of him. He quietly swears as he tries to undo his last, obviously failed step. The woman looks at him perplexedly. He seems younger, than anyone else...
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...Evaporation Science Fair Research Paper By: Suzie Science Ms. Willis’ Class December 16, 2008 Background Information Liquids are all around us. Every day we drink and eat items that contain liquids, we use liquids to clean ourselves and our belongings and liquids can even be found in the places that we would not expect, like televisions. When someone watches liquid over time, an interesting thing begins to happen. The liquid will slowly start to disappear. The formal term for the liquid disappearing is evaporation. According to Asminov, Liquids are a state of matter that will take the shape of the container that is holding it (Asminov, 2008). There are three common states of matter. These states of matter are liquid, solid and gas. To transform a liquid into a gas you would typically apply heat, however, liquids will also become a gas over time. This process is called evaporation. Evaporation is defined by Gorin as the “conversion of a liquid substance into the gaseous state” (2008). Gorin continues by explaining that liquids can evaporate at room temperature as well as when they are heated. This knowledge led the writer to wonder if liquids evaporate at different rates. After observing liquids evaporate I began to wonder what affects the evaporation of liquids. Research question The research question that this project focused on was: What liquid will evaporate the fastest, Kool-Aid, Coke, Apple Juice, or Orange Juice? Comment [m3]: Exactly from research plan. Comment [m1]: Create...
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