...Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter wants to provide important thoughts, ideas and findings from different researchers and authors. This chapter also cites other related studies relating to the problem of household financial management. It discusses the relationship between mothers spending behavior and their knowledge in financial management. Related literature According to Lusardi and Mitchell, 2009 financial knowledge is Increasing knowledge about the financial matters that enhances an individual’s ability to make informed decisions about how to control and manage their finances. Financial knowledge has implications for how individuals spend, save and invest money, as well as how they budget and set monetary goals. Research shows that lack of financial knowledge is related to debt (Norvilitis et al., 2006) and increased knowledge can lead to individuals engaging in positive financial practices and fewer risky ones (Borden et al., 2008; Hilgert, Hogarth, & Beverly, 2003). Adults with better financial knowledge are more likely to plan for retirement and engage in financial practices that lead to asset accumulation. Normally, gains in financial knowledge can be tested immediately upon completion of the program, by asking participants a set of questions that cover a range of personal finance topics. Ideally, both pre and post-tests should be implemented to effectively assess a program’s impact on individuals’ financial knowledge, assuming that participants...
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...1.8 REVIEW OF LITERATURE A Literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic. Most often associated with science-oriented literature, such as a thesis, the literature review usually precedes a research proposal, methodology and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as the justification for future research in the area. A good literature review is characterized by: a logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology; and an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic. Here we discuss on different reviews related to the following: 2.1 Investors and Investment 2.2 Mutual funds 2.3 Investors Attitude towards Mutual Fund 2.1 Investors and Investments Investors in emerging markets say that they look at market volatility as a good opportunity to increase the level of risk in their portfolio. On the other hand those in the developed markets say that volatility would make them go for an increased allocation in cash and exercise increased caution with regard to investment. “Investors increasing allocation of cash is not because their ability to bear that risk has been impacted”, says Bansal. [1] JOHN C. BOGLE [2] the former CEO of Vangaurd Group Of...
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...CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the summary of related literature and studies that were gathered by the researchers from different references like the Internet, books and unpublished theses that were really a big help in relating this study. The gathered related information served as a starting point in evaluating and understanding the whole study. The following chapter shall review the current literature on energy related consumer behavior and attitudes to sustainable consumption. This section of the research also reviews the trends of previous research conducted on domestic energy use. The chapter shall finally delve into some of the instruments used to affect energy efficient consumer behavior, as well as the effectiveness of one or a set of instruments. Related Literature Saving energy is one of the most fundamental things we can do as student of Bicol University to save money and help balance our budget. "This is an opportunity to cut expenses without affecting services; I encourage everyone to make energy conservation part of our daily routine", (President Curt Tompkins), [1]. The energy is conserved by the “law of conservation of energy”. It states that energy can be neither created nor be destroyed. Energy is a finite resource. The materials we derive energy from (oil, coal, electricity, etc.) can also harm the environment. By conserving energy you help to save parts of the environment. There are many ways to conserve...
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...DECISION MAKING AND ITS EFFECT ON BUSINESS PROFICIENCY GM591 LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR May 26th, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 3 Problem Statement----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 4 Literature Review------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 5 Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 7 Suggestive Solutions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 8 Conclusion & Reflection --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 9 Work Cited------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 10 INTRODUCTION Walgreens is one of the fortune 500 companies and among the fastest growing retailers in the country. Walgreens as of April 30 operated 8307 location in all 50 states including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam. This includes 7855 drugstores, 146 more than a year ago, including 21 stores acquired over the last 12 months. The company also operates infusion and respiratory services facilities, specialty pharmacy and mail service...
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...Course Project Anise Hutcherson Approaches to Disease Management in Managed Care DeVry University `12/11/15 Table of Contents 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………….. Page 3 2. Background…………………………………………………………….. Page 4 3. The Challenges and Problems Associated with Disease Management…….. Page 6 4. Review of the Research and Literature…………………………………… Page 8 5. Challenges/Problems Analysis with Disease Management……………….... Page 9 6. Recommend Solutions of Improvements in Disease Management…………..Page 10 7. Implementation of Solutions in Disease Management in Managed Care Industry..Page 11 8. Justification………………………………………………………………… Page 12 9. Summary and Conclusion…………………………………………………...Page 14 10. Works Cited-References………………………………………………….. Page 16 Introduction It is very well known how most physicians or healthcare facilities and organizations handle diseases in our society in my opinion. Managed care for diseases are mostly not focused on, it is for large populations. But typically physicians do try to focus on individuals however once you throw MCO in the mix it becomes similar to a farmer caring for cattle which I hate to say. And I am very much passionate about this subject because of my experience in the very arena. Before I had a stable job with wonderful health insurance, I relied on government paid insurance for a minute and during that time I was diagnosed with Lupus which is a autoimmune disease with no cure. However...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION Measured Signal PWM BASED SERVO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM Pneumatic System 1 Reference Signal Error Regulator PWM Valve Control Signal PWM based servo pneumatic systems are widely used nowadays especially in manufacturing industry. Research and studies are being investigated to further improve the performance of various applications of the PWM based servo pneumatic systems such as paint spraying system, production sorting system and etc which lead to cost saving, energy saving, speed, accuracy and etc. Typically, a typical PWM based servo pneumatic experimental setup consists of double acting cylinder with rod, solenoid valve, pressure sensor, linear potentiometer, weight, controller, data acquisition module and DC power supply as presented in (Cajetinac et al. 2012, Shiee et al. 2015, Najjari et al. 2012, Najjari et al. 2014). This setup is used to perform the study and investigation of the entire system performance and subsystem performance. The block diagram as shown below. 2. FAST SWITCHING ON/OFF SOLENOID AND PWM Due to the costly and complex structure, the high precision and linear behavior’s servo/proportional valve is now being replaced by low cost fast switching on/off solenoid valve in many applications (Cajetinac et al. 2012, Shiee et al. 2015, Najjari et al. 2012, Najjari et al. 2014). But the limitation of the fast switching on/off solenoid valve was its nonlinearity behavior due to the valve on/off delay...
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...One of the biggest studies of effective leaderships in different cultures is the GLOBE study. The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program is a network of 170 social scientists and scholars from 62 cultures throughout the world, working in a long-term effort to examine the relationships between culture, practices, and leadership. The goal of this study is to develop a theory to describe, understand, and predict the impact of cultural variables on leadership and organizational processes and the effectiveness of it all. A particular strength of the GLOBE study is the combination of qualitative and quantitative data. The book contains five sections: the introduction, literature review, research methodology, empirical findings, and the conclusion. In the introduction, GLOBE states that the cultures of the world are becoming more and more interconnected while the business world is becoming increasingly global. Thus, there is a greater need for effective international and cross-cultural communication, collaboration, and cooperation. GLOBE has developed an integrated and cross level theory of the relationship between cultural values, practices, leadership, and organizational and societal effectiveness. The literature review section provides evidence that culture influences many aspects of leadership, industry, and organization. It explains the understanding of interaction between cultural influences on organizational leadership and the impact of...
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...International Review of Business Research Papers Vol.4 No.1 January 2008 Pp.364-373 Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Recruitment: A UK Study into Employers’ Perceptions Helen Verhoeven* and Sue Williams** This paper reports on a study into Internet recruitment and selection in the United Kingdom. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of Internet recruitment and selection as identified in literature and considers those against the views of employers in the United Kingdom. The results provide clear evidence that the majority of advantages and disadvantages identified in literature are also experienced by UK employers and help to lay foundations for future research. Field of Research: Human Resource Management 1. Introduction A review of current literature indicates that the use of the Internet and thus Internet technology is changing (Kinder 2000), transforming (Piturro 2000; Searle 2003; Veger 2006) some would say revolutionising (Hansen 1998) the way in which human resource departments recruit job candidates. Nevertheless, very limited research has been carried out in this area to date. Young and Weinroth (2003, p.11) refer in this respect to “the currently minimal field of Internet recruitment literature, while Lievens et al. (2002, p.586) describe it as “very scarce”. Furthermore, existent literature in the areas focuses mainly on the United States of America (USA) rather than on European countries. Reasons for this might be the relative newness of the...
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...PGP/18/000 | Submitted by: Group 10 Vineet Prashant Toppo | PGP/18/116 | Harshada Wasade | PGP/18/119 | Yaman Rai | PGP/18/120 | Avinash J. | PGP/18/000 | Comparative Pricing and associated consumer behaviour Project on Pricing Comparative Pricing and associated consumer behaviour Project on Pricing Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Comparative Pricing 3 Objective 4 Research Methodology 4 Literature Review 4 Case Study: Apple’s Pricing Strategy 5 Executive Summary This paper is an attempt to study the correlation between consumer behavior and consumer decision making cycle with pricing of a product or a service. Studies are made on comparative pricing through existing secondary sources. In order to understand the relative variations in consumer behavior across different variety of consumers primary research has been done. The findings have been interesting and the implications of findings have been found. Literature review has been done to identify the gaps in the existing literature. Learnings from literature review has also been incorporated. Case study of apple and the strategies used by them have been elaborately discussed. This insights from our study can be used for further scope of research in this domain. Introduction Pricing is an integral part of the Marketing Mix (4 P’s). Whereas all the other P’s (Product, Place & Promotion) affect the cost aspect of the mix, pricing is the only one which generates the needed revenue...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Much of the empirical research on mutual funds has not given any significant contribution for the mutual fund investor. Unfortunately many mutual fund investor have probably never heard about these research results or their implications. They have heard some rules of thumb guidelines from their brokers or peers about how to select a particular fund. The purpose of this present study is to identify the selection criteria, investors seem to use in selecting a mutual fund institution that suits the investors investment objective and also to identify the factors that are responsible for the selection of schemes floated by these organisations. Further it attempts to identify the reactions from the respondents' namely mutual fund unit holders of Mysore towards the performance of the different schemes. The researcher has employed interview schedule for the collection of data to elicit views of the Mutual Fund investors. Individuals from all walks of life have been showing increasing participation in the stock market, a place where one can see their money doubling in a period of time or disappearing depending on how they play the game. With the stupendous growth in the capital market, direct investment in the stock market has definitely become next to impossible. And yet investors undertake investments with minimal risks of the working of stock exchanges. But in order that investments prove profitable; investors...
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...SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF COMMERCE A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR Project work Paper No. – CH 6.3 (b) (Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Towards Requirement of B.COM (HONS.) Course) Ashvi Mittal 12BC136 12072204129 E-21 2014-15 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Miss Ankita Tomar Assistant Professor Department of Commerce Shri Ram College of Commerce University of Delhi 1 DECLARATION BY STUDENT This is to certify that the material embodied in this study entitled “A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR” is based on my own research work and my indebtedness to other work/publications has been acknowledged at the relevant places. This study has not been submitted elsewhere either wholly or in part for award of any degree. Ashvi Mittal B.Com(H) Section-E 12BC136 2 DECLARATION BY TEACHER INCHARGE This is to certify that the project titled “A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR” done by Ashvi Mittal is a part of her academic curriculum for the degree of B.Com(H). It has no commercial implication and is done only for academic purpose. Mrs Aruna Jha Miss Ankita Tomar (Teacher in- charge’s name and signature) signature) 3 (Mentor’s name and Signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel great pleasure in expressing my gratitude to my mentor Miss Ankita Tomar of Commerce Department, Shri Ram College of...
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...Content 1. Project title 1 2. Research Context 1 3. Research aims and objectives 2 3.1 Research Aims 2 3.2 Key research objectives 2 4. Literature review 2 4.1 Advantages of purchasing online 2 4. 2 The characteristics of online shoppers 3 4. 3 Factors of affecting online shopping 3 5. Methodology 5 5.1 Research design 5 5.2 Data sources defined 6 5.3 Data collection methods 7 5.4 Data analysis 7 6. A statement of possible outcomes 8 7. Ethical consideration 8 8. Risk assessment and risk management 9 9. Resource management 9 References 11 1. Project title An investigation into factors of affecting online shopping within China on college students 2. Research Context With the proliferation of using internet，the way of living and working has increasingly changed, such an environment enables people to gain information such as pictures, videos, news and knowledge as well as purchase goods through internet. So, The proportion of E-shopping has been consistently growing. Internet World States (2010) reports that China is the world’s largest Internet market. According to “China Internet network information center” (CNNIC) reported that in 2009 the number of Chinese online shoppers is108 million with 45.9% annual growth rate. At present the rate of online shopping has reached to 28.1% from 22.1% at the end of 2007. However, which group of people are the main customers to shop online and what factors drive these people...
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...The Savers–Spenders Theory of Fiscal Policy By N. GREGORY MANKIW* The literature on the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy and, in particular, of government debt is founded on two canonical models. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that both models are deficient and to propose a new model to take their place. The first canonical model is the Barro-Ramsey model of infinitely-lived families (Robert Barro, 1974). According to this model, the government’s debt policy redistributes the tax burden among generations, but families, who want to smooth their consumption over time, reverse the effects of this redistribution through their bequests. Government debt is completely neutral—a proposition called Ricardian equivalence. The second canonical model of government debt is the Diamond-Samuelson model of overlapping generations (Peter Diamond, 1965). In this model, people smooth consumption over their own lifetimes, but there is no bequest motive. When the government issues debt, it enriches some generations at the expense of others, crowds out capital, and reduces steadystate living standards. In this paper, I first discuss the facts that lead me to reject these canonical models. I then propose an alternative model and develop briefly its implications for fiscal policy. consumption over time. There is much reason to be skeptical about this assumption. A large empirical literature, starting with Robert Hall’s (1978) seminal random-walk theorem, has addressed...
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...present online as a business necessity. In the quest to gain “e-market share,” various brands now offer customized products and services to their customers. This is more so in apparel industry. Popular apparel brands are making maximum use of their online presence to increase touch points with their customers. Involvement of the customers is not just limited to filling up feedback forms or placing an online order. These brands offer products codesigned by the customers. Though there is extensive research conducted to understand the acceptance level and the influencing factors on an online purchase behavior, it is very limited when it comes to purchase behavior of customized products. Thus, our research project focuses on analyzing the attitude of Indian youth towards purchasing customized online apparels and what are the influencers which can possibly affect their purchase behavior. Scope: Though e-commerce is booming in India, it still has a long way to go. According to the survey conducted by The Indian Council for Market Research (ICMR), 98% of 500 respondents across Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata,...
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...public services. Research produces valuable information and expands understanding (Neuman, 2009). The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for this ten-state shows that even though both the teens and older mothers account for 34 percent of all births in the study states, they accounted for 52 percent of all births reported as unintended. The researchers believe the data from this study will not only add to current literature on the topic, but will also provide a measure of costs that may be more relevant to state budgets and decisions regarding alternative public health interventions. In this paper I will discuss the literature review, ethical considerations for data collection, statistical analysis, and the conclusions of the study. Literature review A literature review is the review of a collection of published research relevant to a research question (Union Institute & University, 2012). A review of literature is an important part of a research project (Curtis, 2011). Regardless of the research method used, the purpose of the review remains the same (Union Institute & University, 2012). It tests...
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