...Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering EMM 5977 Independent Study Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Nor Mariah Adam Name Lai Jee Inn Matrik No. GS 42146 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Review on How to Improve the Efficiency of the Rechargeable Batteries-Lithium Batteries Lai Jee Inn GS42146 ABSTRACT Batteries are playing important role in our life especially in this high technology era. Laptop, mobile phone, camera and otherwise are using battery to make it to function. In order to improve the efficiency the batteries, several methods are discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTION In this advanced technology era, batteries have been commonly used by the consumers. We use them in different fields like cars, mobile phone, laptop and other else. (Hiroki Kitamura, 2012).Batteries is divided into two main groups which are primary and secondary batteries. (Clean Up Australia, 2009) Primary batteries are the batteries that normally use in dairy life such as remote control, clock but for this kind of batteries is a non rechargeable battery which means that we only can use it for one time and will be throw away after used. This kind of batteries is actually converting the chemical energy to electrical energy and they are normally known as the alkaline batteries. Secondary batteries are batteries that can be rechargeable and recycle after it cannot be recharge. This batteries mostly use for our mobile phone, laptop and other. Although...
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...Electric Vehicle Conversion Literature Review Southern Illinois University Carbondale College of Engineering Senior Design Project Brocton Barras Joshua Day Matthew Griffin Andrew Phegley Nathan Smith Alex Turek 1 ORIGINALITY STATEMENT This paper conveys research pertinent to the design and construction of a unique electric vehicle in a form that is easily understood. Unique characteristics include dual, independently controlled A/C drive motors, elimination of traditional mechanical power transmission devices, and traction control software with the ability to make changes several thousand times per second. These original ideas make for an environmentally responsible vehicle with few moving parts. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Brocton Barras – Wrote a brief recap of the history of electric vehicles. Joshua Day – Responsible for originality/acknowledgments page, as well as abstract and conclusions. Matthew Griffin – Provided research for innovative control methods section of paper. Andrew Phegley – Wrote a brief description of A/C vs. D/C motors. Nathan Smith – Provided research for the construction of battery packs. Alex Turek – Responsible for introduction, section on the CAN bus, and editorial duties. ABSTRACT The objective of this project is to design and build an electric vehicle that exhibits unique qualities not found in any production vehicle in its class. The vehicle will operate in a similar capacity to the average automobile so as to maintain familiarity...
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...are thinking about how they deliver products to the market and they are the ones that are winning.’ says Blair Sutherland, National Sales Manager for Fox & Gunn. It’s a synopsis we’ve heard time and time before over the last 12 months but one that still rings true. No one is saying it’s an easy market, but according to Sutherland: “Everyone is very optimistic about this year and the signs are good. Building hand tool products have definitely lifted. That in itself says to us that the market is starting to make spasmodic recovery. It’s just a question of when and how it’s going to happen.” Across the board, there is a palpable sense of a “waiting game” going on, especially in light of the inherent role new construction starts play in the industry. As we go to print, building consent figures for January do show positive growth and though it does come as heartening news, many players in the market are wisely sceptical about anything suggesting less than steady incremental progress. But you do have to be in to win and suppliers are prepared for an expected increase in demand. In the notoriously price-feisty power tools sector we hear that demand is currently at a low point but suppliers are similarly optimistic about the New Year. The upside is that the situation has made it a consumers market in many respects. Both in terms of DIYers and the trade, there has never been such a wide range of affordable gear so readily available. Hamish Matheson, Commercial Manager for Stanley Black...
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...Ababa University Collage of Business & Economics School of Commerce Bmmusiness Policy & Strategy Strategic Management & Business Policy Home Take Exam Instruction: Attempt All Questions (Each 10 Points) Case I: Rupbani Beverage Limited Rupbani Beverage Limited entered the Indian wine industry in 1975 by acquiring the Mastana Wine Company of Shimla and two other smaller wine companies at Kalka for Rs. 50 lakh. Despite hostility expressed by other wine makers and predictions that Rupbani would very soon fail as other outsiders such as Parminder Wine Company had, the entry succeeded. Rupbani Limited performed the unheard of feat of establishing a volume of 30 lakh cases within two years and taking the market share away from premium brands such as the National Wine Company of Bombay, Pearl Drink Limited of Pune and Syndicate Cola Limited of Madras. Rupbani advertised heavily and incurred Rs. 10 lakh in one year and standardised the taste of its wines with considerable success. It also invested Rs. 48 lakh in a large, new winery at Ahmedabad. A Rupbani Executive said, "By 1995, consumption of wine in India will be a liter per capita, compared with half a liter today." The industry reacted to Rupbani's presence by doubling and tripling advertising expenditure. ABC and Company began a costly campaign to market premium and varied wines while reducing marketing emphasis on its cheap wines such as Nahan Drinks and the Gola Beverage. ABC maintained its 25 percent market share...
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...to the external trend or a better opportunity. The nature of strategy made was based on the following factors • Increase in oil price • Limit carbon emission go green • The cost of manufacturing lithium ion batteries was falling 2. What trends in the external environment favoured the pursuit of the Chevy Volt project? Trends included increases in oil prices :-Gas price was increasing sharply because of growing demand in developed countries including China and India -Global Warming become a significant concern so people trend to use the car which produce less Carbon Dioxide. -The cost of Manufacturing lithium ion batteries was falling and new technology make them more powerful, competitive use of battery technology for fuel efficiency. -Demand for fuel efficient car like Prius (Toyota) that utilize new battery technology shows the customer demand for fuel efficient cars 3. What impediments to pursuing this project do you think existed within GM? Cost is one of the most important hurdles in pursuing with Chevy Volt -GM already spent a huge investment in developing fuel cells. The presence of GM senior management cognitive biases stemming from prior investments of fuel cells -Many decision makers in GM didn’t want to suddenly switch gears and focus on lithium ion batteries instead...
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... Inc. Overview The battery industry is enormous, with worldwide revenues of approximately $45 billion. It is highly fragmented with at least 20 major manufacturers in each technology segment. Because of the wide range of applications of batteries, companies have tended to specialize in a particular technology or market application. Disposable batteries, such as the widely available carbon-zinc and alkaline cells, are available in standard sizes such as AA, C, and D, and they are a fast-moving consumer-good category with emphasis on manufacturing efficiency and scale, marketing and branding, and distribution efficiency. One of the earliest forms of rechargeable battery was the wet lead-acid battery, the chemistry for which was invented in 1859. The application that drove this battery into prominence was to power a starter motor for vehicles, but today lead-acid batteries are commonly used for uninterruptible power supplies—in forklift trucks, golf carts, boats and submarines, and vehicles for indoor operation. They are inexpensive, albeit heavy. A variant on the lead-acid battery is the Gel Cell, which is a sealed lead-acid battery with a jellified electrolyte, allowing a higher degree of portability. Smaller rechargeable batteries began as size-compatible replacements for disposable batteries and used technologies such as nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-iron (Ni-Fe), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium ion (Li-ion) and lithium polymer. As demands for portable...
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...Eshita Malik September 28, 2015 Eshita Malik September 28, 2015 DELL BATTERY CASE In October 1993, Mark Holliday and the portable computer development team at Dell were faced with three design options regarding a proposal for launching a new series of portable computers by late fall of 1994. The three design options at the end of the profile phase of product were regarding battery design; to stick with the nickel hydride batteries, to adopt the new lithium ion batteries or to defer the battery decision for another nine months until the qualification phase of product development and choose either a dual-path or over-design approach currently. If I were a member of the team, based on the information given in the case study my recommendation would be to defer obligation to either battery design and go with a dual-path approach for now. At the time of this decision regarding batteries, looking at the financial data of Dell presented in the case, there are many factors to be considered. The net sales of the company were $890 and $2014 million in 1991 and 1992 respectively. The increase was much more than the forecast. But the Dell’s sales market share of laptops showed a decrease from 12% in 1992 to 2% in 1993. Due to the austere character of Dell’s business model, the R&D expenses were also a small part of the sales. The R&D expenses represented 4.7% of sales in 1991 and dropped to 2.4% in 1992. There is an understated importance of laptop sales market share in 1993...
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...For the exclusive use of T. Song, 2015. 9-714-413 REV: JANUARY 24, 2014 ERIC VAN DEN STEEN Tesla Motors “Tesla is in California, so it is not April Fool’s yet!” tweeted Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla Motors, around 10 PM PT on March 31, 2013. “First profitable Q for Tesla thanks to awesome customers & hard work by a super dedicated team”1 he had tweeted a few minutes earlier. And indeed, on May 8, Tesla announced a net income of more than $10mln on $560 mln in sales.2 Tesla had outsold both Nissan and GM in electric cars in the U.S.3 Its Model S had sold more than the BMW 7 and Audi A8 combined.4 Tesla raised its Model S sales target for its first full year from 20,000 to 21,000 cars.5 Over the next three months, its stock price almost tripled.6 In its 10 years since founding, Tesla had launched both a high-end limited edition “Tesla Roadster” and its “Model S” production car, and was now taking reservations on its upcoming “Model X” electric crossover SUV. Despite a public controversy about its range, the Model S had received the coveted Car of the Year award and earned the highest rating that Consumer Reports ever gave to a car, an astonishing feat for a company that was only at its second car. While some of its most visible EV competitors went bankrupt or halted production,7 Tesla became profitable. Elon Musk wanted Tesla to be a mass manufacturer of electric cars.8 Becoming profitable meant that that goal was within reach. Or was it not? The Car Business ...
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...AIBO grew out of Sony's Computer Science Laboratory (CSL). Founded in 1990, CSL was set up to emulate the famed innovation center at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). CSL's first product was the Aperios operating system, later to form the base software AIBO's. When Nobuyuki Idei became president of Sony in 1995, he sought to adopt a digital agenda, reflected in the new motto he gave the company, “Digital Dream Kids,” and the prominence he gave to CSL.[8] Two AIBO Prototypes and transparent ERS-7 Famed engineer Dr. Toshitada Doi is credited as AIBO’s original progenitor: in 1994 he had started work on robots with artificial intelligence expert Masahiro Fujita within CSL. Fujita would write that the robot's behaviors will need to “be sufficiently complex or unexpected so that people keep an interest in watching or taking care of it”.[9] Fujita argued that entertainment robots might be viable as "A robot for entertainment can be effectively designed using various state-of-the-art technologies, such as speech recognition and vision, even though these technologies may not be mature enough for applications where they perform a critical function. While there exists special and difficult requirements in entertainment applications themselves, limited capabilities in the speech and vision systems may turn out to be an interesting and attractive feature for appropriately designed entertainment robots." His early monkey-like prototype "MUTANT" included behaviors that would become...
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...*Cardiology-grade stethoscope **2 vials of aromatic substance *Pocket sphygmomanometer **Cotton balls *Non-pocket otoscope & ophthalmoscope **Tongue depressors x 5 **1 penny and 1 paperclip **Instrument for sharp/ dull (more tongue depressors) **Tuning forks: 128 Hz and 512 Hz **Penlight **Triangular reflex hammer **Centimeter ruler *please read below before purchasing **Pocket Snellen eye chart **PA class sells packets that contains all these CARDIOLOGY-GRADE STETHOSCOPE: ~$ 140-160 Get at least a cardiology-grade stethoscope: has a diaphragm, bell, and dual lumen. Plan to spend at least $140. Examples: 1. Littman: Cardiology III: pediatric side can be a bell or can adjust pressure on diaphragm ~$140160, Master Cardiology ~$185 (is single sided and NOT necessary) 2. Heine: Gamma C3 Cardiology ~$140 3. Welch Allyn: Tycos Elite ~$140 4. MDF: Procardial C3 ~$162 Your stethoscope will be used to hear heart murmurs, lung sounds, bruits--- things not always so easy to hear. You will not be working in sound proof environments. DO NOT skimp in this area or you’ll just buy another one because you can’t hear anything. Chest piece can be two sided: bell (low pitch) and diaphragm (high pitch) or single sided. We suggest for ease of use that you purchase a scope with a two-sided chest piece Should have replaceable, multi-size ear tips, esp if you have small ear canals! Multiple tube colors and different chest piece finishes available;...
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...society. Nowadays, these electronics are powered from Lithium-ion batteries. Lithium is extracted from two sources: ores and salt brines - in the chemical production, lithium minerals are transformed into basic chemicals such as lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium chloride, which are used to produce many derivatives (Sun et al., 2017, p. 51-52; Wanger, 2010; USGS, 2018). The major processes throughout the lithium life cycle can be divided into five stages: resource mining, chemical production, product manufacture, product use and waste management (Sun et al., 2017). The majority of lithium, originally, was produced from mineral...
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...Individual Organizational Transformation Q&A In this paper, the writer will identify and characterize the roles of incentives, training, and education in promoting innovation in his organization according to the level of achievements within the organization. In the author’s organization, everyone has to be held accountable for their own actions and responsible for their own success and failures. However, because the leadership is so strong and thought of every aspect of the organization, following the simple steps to running a successful organization is a proven system that anyone can do. With that being said, if an individual is great at playing follow the leader, than there will be no reason for a great deal of innovation because all that needs to be done, has been done. The one innovation that is promoted rather well in the author’s organization is the transforming of a civilian into a modern day warrior. This is something that leaders teach, but each individual has to find it in them to know what it takes to motivate them to implement the changes that need to be made from within the person. The leaders, which are the brains of this amazing organization, the commissioned officers and staff non-commissioned officers do most of the focusing on the creation of the innovation in this writer’s organization. The leaders that have been in the trenches and made a substantial amount of success within the organization focus more on managing and sustaining the innovation...
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...Rajdeep Singh Chem 2A Fregrene The Evolution of the Battery and Electric Vehicle After reading various articles on battery chemistry and how it applies to electric vehicles’ I have come to a conclusion. Although electric vehicles may seem like a great idea for many people, because they can eliminate a great amount of emission pollutants in the atmosphere, they arrive with many unresolved issues. Issues which may be expensive as well as incovineient to solve. The first article I read was “Chemstry’s Electric Oppurtunity” by Alex Scott. In his article, he spoke of the automobile firm Tesla and their new Model S vehicle. The Tesla Model S is a vehicle capable of driving up to 300 miles before needing to recharge, compared to the majority of other electric cars who can only reach 100 miles. The CEO of Tesla Motors, Elon R. Musk claims that “anything a gasoline based vehicle can do, the Model S can do” (Scott, pg 1). Which may prove to be true since the car goes from ‘0-60 in only 4.2’ (Scott, pg 1). Many people wonder how the Model S is capable of outperforming other electric vehicles. It is due to the car’s large 670kg battery. This battery provides an energy density of 240 Wh/Kg. ‘This is much denser than the nickel based batteries of other firms such as Toyota, Nissan, and GM’ (Scott, pg 2). It’s great that Tesla is able to raise the bar in the electric vehicle field and provide a more efficient vehicle for consumers to enjoy, however there is a large inhibitor. Batteries...
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...does not out way the potential risks to the eco-system and the health of our population from emissions and runoff from the chemical refinement process. This leaves us with what we feel is the best option a Hybrid Car Production Factory. After careful consideration we have found by maintaining a standard and controlled production rate we have an acceptably low risk on industrial accidents that could affect production quality and eco contamination. By building the factory in the local Forest location, this reduces overall traffic on the roads, particularly when paired with the new Railroad system to support the Infrastructure reducing shipping costs. This also reduces emissions and as an added step in Environment Management by using the Lithium Ion batteries that also...
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...more portable platform. This transition is not limited to electronic devices. In recent years, eBooks have become a popular way of digesting novels, works of nonfiction, and even textbooks. An eBook is not a book itself, but a device which books can be downloaded onto as an alternate form of reading an ordinary paper book. Although eBooks have tremendous advantages as far as accessibility and portability, they take away from the experience and enjoyment of reading a traditional paper book. Because an eBook must be read on a computer or ereader device, they are susceptible to the same problems that plague electronic devices. Ereader devices have long battery life, but after so many uses, the lithium ion battery must be replaced. This problem can become a costly one, as lithium batteries can cost almost as much as the ereader device itself. Also, ereaders are vulnerable to various types of damage, such as water being spilled, the device being dropped, or in some cases, theft. Plain paper books are extremely durable compared to their electronic counterparts and most thieves aren’t interested in a good story. Ebooks have limitations where paper books don’t, thus they alter the experience of reading a physical book. In summary, ebooks have obvious advantages but sacrifice reliability for accessibility and portability. Ebooks are electronic books, and suffer the same problems other forms of technology have. Battery life and replacement, wear and tear, and theft are common...
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