...Papaya Seeds as a Treatment for Liver Cirrhosis Liver cirrhosis is a disease, usually caused by excessive alcohol consumption over many years, wherein the liver shrinks and becomes hardened. In this state it is ineffective at removing toxins from the body, leading to a variety of serious health problems. Papaya seeds are often reported as an effective treatment for liver cirrhosis. One method is to grind up around five dried seeds in a pepper grinder, or crush up fresh ones in a mortar and pestle, and mix them with a tablespoon of fresh lime juice. Drink this papaya seed treatment down twice a day for a month. Many cirrhosis sufferers have had dramatic improvements with this powerful natural remedy. The benefits of papaya seeds, with their high levels of digestive enzymes, antibacterial, anti-parasitic and liver regenerating properties are powerful. You don’t need many at a time, certainly not a whole fruit’s worth. After you scrape them out of a fresh fruit, it’s best to keep them in a sealed container in the fridge if you’re using them regularly, or in the freezer if only occasionally. Why Green Papaya is Better for Digestion Green fruit contain significantly more papaya enzyme than those that are fully ripened. That said, perhaps with the exception of green papaya salad, it’s not as appetizing for most people. Home remedies for cirrhosis of the liver * Papaya seeds are believed to be an excellent home remedy for cirrhosis of the liver. Take some papaya seeds and take...
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...Liver Cirrhosis Jenna M. Keirn Institute of Technology Clovis Liver Cirrhosis What is liver cirrhosis? It is a chronic liver disease. By definition in Textbook of Basic Nursing ( Roshdal B. Caroline, Kowalski T. Mary) “ Cirrhosis is a chronic, degenerative disease of the parenchymal cells ( the normal architecture and functioning cells) of the liver.” When you have cirrhosis eventually it will get to the point where your liver can no longer do what it is supposed to do. If a patient has uncontrolled cirrhosis it can result in hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic coma. Eventually all body functions will deteriorate. According to Textbook of Basic Nursing (Roshdal B. Caroline, Kowalski T. Mary) “ Toxins absorbed by the GI tract...
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...Cirrhosis and Related Liver Disorders The liver is the largest gland and second largest organ in the human body. It is also the only internal organ capable of regeneration following injury. Located in the abdominal cavity, this reddish brown organ is divided into lobes of different size and shape. The liver plays a critical role in metabolism, digestion, elimination, and detoxification, among other processes. This organ performs a surprisingly large number of functions that influence virtually all other body systems. This is why diseases of the liver can be so devastating. One class of chronic diseases affecting the liver is cirrhosis. (Kasper, 2008) Cirrhosis is a condition in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue. As the scar tissue accumulates, blood flow through the organ is obstructed which prevents the liver from functioning normally. Cirrhosis can be difficult to notice early because the preliminary stages rarely demonstrate any signs or symptoms. As liver function deteriorates, the effects of cirrhosis become evident. Complications include swelling of the legs and abdomen, weight loss, jaundice, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract and intense inching. (Kasper, 2008) The most common causes of cirrhosis are hepatitis C, fatty liver, and alcohol abuse. Other causes include repeated bouts of heart failure, cystic fibrosis, antitrypsin deficiency, and Wilson’s disease. Once diagnosed, treatment depends on the cause of the disease and...
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...Booze Blues: A Case Study on the Liver Three signs and/or symptoms that point to alcoholism. Alcoholism is characterized by hyperglycemia, high blood glucose as it is not properly metabolized by the liver. People with alcoholic cirrhosis are unable to store glucose as glycogen thereby remaining in the blood. Moreover, the glucose cannot be metabolized since cirrhosis destroys the pancreas, leading to insufficiency of insulin. Another symptom is excessive bruising as evident on the patient, which is a result of frequent falls when drunk and dysfunctional clotting. Blood clotting factors and platelets are usually made in the liver but in case of alcoholism, the liver is unable to function well to produce them thus blood fails to coagulate....
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...http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=79911&site=ehost-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_3 T he global epidemic of hepatitis B and hepatitis C is a serious public-health problem. . All rights reserved. preventable death worldwide. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are contagious liver diseases caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reserved. Copyright © 2010. National Academies Press. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION TABLE 1-1 Key Characteristics of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Causative agent Partially double-stranded DNA virus Enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus Hepadnaviridae family Hepacavirus genus, Flaviviridae family Statistics In the United States, 0.8– 1.4 million people are chronically infected with HBV In the United States, 2.7– 3.9 million people are chronically infected with HCV Routes of transmission Contact with infectious blood, semen, and other body fluids, primarily through: • Birth to an infected mother • Sexual contact with an infected person • Sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, or other injection-drug equipment Less commonly through: • Contact with infectious blood through medical procedures Contact with blood of an infected person, primarily through: • Sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, or other injection-drug equipment • • Less commonly through: • Sexual contact with an infected person Birth to an infected mother Contact with...
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...“HEPITITIS B VIRUS” Daniella Braude CAUSE The Hepatitis B virus is the most common liver infection in the world and is caused by the hepatitis B virus. The hepatitis B virus enters the body and travels to the liver via the bloodstream. In the liver, the virus attaches to healthy liver cells and multiplies. This replication of the virus then triggers a response from the body’s immune system. People are often unaware they have been infected with the hepatitis B at this stage. The liver is the main site of hepatitis B viral multiplication. Hepatitis B infection can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer or liver failure if it is not diagnosed and managed. [1] TRANSMISSION Hepatitis B is found in blood and body fluids including saliva, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. The most common ways hepatitis B is spread include sexual contact, sharing of injecting equipment, needlestick injuries in the health care setting, reuse of unsterilised or inadequately sterilised needles, child-to-child transmission through household contact such as biting, sharing personal items such as razors, toothbrushes or nail clippers and Mother passing on to child. [2] HOST RESPONSE When a person is first infected with the hepatitis B virus, this is called an “acute infection.” Most adults will fight off the virus, and recover without any problems. If the virus remains in the blood for more than six months, a person is then...
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...Hepatitis B is a virus that is transmitted when infected body fluids enter the body of a non infected person. It can happen through sexual contact or by using needles that an infected person used. It can also be transmitted by an infected mother to an infant at the time she is giving birth and also can be vertically transmitted from father to infant. The hepatitis B virus can lead to other health issues, for example liver cancer or cirrhosis. This virus has become a global health problem and it has become one of the top ten causes of death. It is also one of the main causes of end-stage liver disease. There are currently three working therapies for chronic hepatitis B interferon, lamivudine, and adefovir dipivoxil. There is also a vaccine...
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...Running head: EPIDEMIOLOGY PAPER - HEPATITIS B 1 Epidemiology Paper - Hepatitis B Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-0102 EPIDEMIOLOGY PAPER - HEPATITIS B Epidemiology Paper - Hepatitis B 2 ―Communicable disease‖ means an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host‖ ("CDC," 2010, p. 1). Hepatitis B is one of the communicable diseases which are a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). CAUSES ―Exposure may occur: After a needle stick or sharps injury - Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood If any blood or other body fluid touches your skin, eyes or mouth People who may be at risk of hepatitis B are those who: Unprotected sex with an infected partner – one may become infected having unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner whose blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body. Receive blood transfusions (not common in the United States) Have contact with blood at work (such as health care workers) Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Get a tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles Share needles during drug use - HBV is easily transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated...
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...Anonymous declares alcoholics have a spiritual, physical, and, mental malady. Regardless, alcoholism affects around 14 percent of the U.S. population, and the consequences of its abuse can be fatal. Because alcoholism affects the whole body with symptoms including, depression, anxiety, cirrhosis, and heart failure, it is vital that researchers strive to find better treatment options, and legislation continues to protect the public from its devastating consequences. Alcoholism and Health Complications Physiology Alcoholism has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), alcohol abuse contributed to 88,000 deaths in this country from 2006-2010. The health-related consequences can be short-term, including traffic accidents, alcohol poisoning, minor injuries, or sexually transmitted diseases. Many alcoholics, however, will suffer long-term chronic health conditions (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). In the cardiovascular system, excessive consumption strains the heart which may lead to irregular heartbeat, inflammation, and weakening of the heart muscle which puts the individual at risk for deterioration of the liver. High blood pressure as the result of a magnesium deficiency affects blood flow and may lead to stroke. Because alcohol passes the blood-brain barrier, the central nervous system is affected which may cause cellular damage such as neuropathy or dementia (School of Public Health, 2014). ...
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...focuses on a prevalent communicable disease, Hepatitis B. This writer will give a description of the disease, the demographic affected by the disease, what determinates contribute to the development of Hepatitis B, she will discuss the epidemiology triangle of the disease, explain the role of the community health nurse in this community, and explain various agencies and resources patients diagnosed with this disease can access. Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. Two types exist: the acute illness and the chronic illness. In the acute illness, the immune system is able to rid the body of the virus and a complete recovery may occur in a few months. Chronic hepatitis infections last six months or longer. These occur when the patient’s immune system can no longer ward off the virus. The infection then become life-long and can lead to more serious illnesses. The chronic infections can go undetected for many years and usually aren’t diagnosed until a patient becomes seriously ill from liver disease (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Symptoms can take up to three...
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...and Pathophysiology 1. The liver is an extremely complex organ that has a particularly important role in nutrient metabolism. Identify three functions of the liver for each of the following: • Carbohydrate Metabolism Glucogensis, gluconeogensis, oxidation via TCA cycle, glycogenolysis, glycolysis • Protein Metabolism Synthesis of serum proteins, synthesis of prothrombin, globin of hemoglobin, apoferritin, nucleoproteins and serum mucoprotein, degradation of some proteins to peptides and amino acids, synthesis of urea • Lipid Metabolism Lipogensis, lipolysis, saturation/desaturation, ketogenesis, esterification of fatty acids, fatty acid oxidation, uptake/formation/breakdown/esterification/excretion of cholesterol. Formation of lipoproteins • Vitamin and Mineral Metabolism Formation of acetyl CoA from pantothenic acid, hydroxylation of vitamin D to 25‐OH D3, formation of 5‐methyl tetrahydrofolic acid, methylation of niacinamide, phosphorylation of pyridoxine, dephospsorylation of thiamin, formation of coenzyme B12 2. The CT scan and liver biopsy confirm the diagnosis of cirrhosis. What is cirrhosis? • Cirrhosis is any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue replaces healthy tissue in an organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. 3. The most common cause of cirrhosis is alcohol ingestion. What are additional causes of cirrhosis? What is the cause of this patient’s cirrhosis? • Other causes of cirrhosis are Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C...
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...Setting: Hospital Ethnicity: African American Preexisting Conditions: Cirrhosis secondary to alcohol hepatitis, hypertension, esophageal varices Coexisting Conditions: Disability: Unemployed (on disability) for past four years Socioeconomic: Married, father of two boys (ages 19 and 17 years old), history of drinking one quart of hard liquor each day for three years prior to diagnosis of cirrhosis Pharmacologic: Lactulose (Cephulac), neomycin sulfate (mycifradin sulfate) Client Profile: Mr. Escobar is a 47-year old male with a history of cirrhosis. He lives with his wife and teenage sons. His wife brought him to the emergency department today because she noticed that her husband had increasing confusion and lethargy and was having difficulty walking. His wife states, “ He is probably acting a little fun because he is sleep deprived. He hasn’t slept very much in the past few days.” Case Study: Mr. Escobar is afebrile. His blood pressure is 136/68, pulse 88, and respiratory rate 18. His oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. He is awake, alert, and oriented to person only. His speech is slow and he appears tired. The nurse notices a foul odor to his breath. Upon physical examination, he is found to have a slightly distended abdomen. The health care provider (HCP) does not note any asterixis. The HCP requests an abdominal ultrasound, which reveals fatty infiltration of the liver, an enlarged spleen, a polyp in his gallbladder, and a moderate amount of ascites...
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...Public Health Hepatitis B Jorge Cruz Jr Grand Canyon University According to the Hepatitis B Foundation, the virus has infected about 2 billion people worldwide, which is about 1 person out of every three (Our Accomplishments, 2014). Hepatitis B virus or the HBV is a virus that can cause a lifetime of damage to the liver. “Hepatitis” on its own refers to the inflammation of the live, although there are many causes of inflammation of liver the family of the hepatitis viruses are the most common with Hep A, B, and C being most prominent of the family. Although the family of the hepatitis’ viruses are similar in structure, they differ in transmission and infection. For instances, Hepatitis A is transmitted fecal to oral, whereas Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through exchange of bodily fluids (Hepaitits B, 2008). Hepatitis B can be spread when infected blood, semen, or any other bodily fluid comes in contact with a non-infected person’s bloodstream. The CDC, provides possible situation when this occurs, for example, during birth (mother is infected could pass down to infant), during sex, or when sharing items that come in contact with a infected person’s blood like toothbrush, needles, or razors. Since it is spread through bodily fluid people at risk for infection are those who come close contact with other people’s bodily fluid frequently this includes but not limited to healthcare workers, men who have sex with men, infants of infected mothers, people with multiple sex...
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...The Road to Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that is characterized by normal liver cells being replaced by scar tissue. This affects the normal functioning of the liver and usually occurs from years of damage to the liver, resulting in inflammation, scarring and thickening of the fibrous tissues. It is most often a result of chronic hepatitis C or alcoholism, however there are other causes which will be discussed throughout this paper. Why is the liver important? More often than not, a person is born with a healthy, normally functioning liver. The liver is an extremely important organ and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Among the most important functions of the liver are: processing nutrients from food, removing toxins from the body, helping to store sugar and releasing it into the blood as needed to maintain glucose levels, and producing bile for digestive purposes. The liver also plays a role in producing proteins, fat metabolism for producing energy, breaking down old damaged cells, and blood clotting. It is obvious to see that the liver has many important functions that a person’s body depends on. Cirrhosis of the liver can affect the normal functions of the liver, as well as the body’s normal homeostatic state. This can result in many problems, including death....
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...oz/day (60 g/day), that is, four to five drinks per day, and that these are consumed in rapid succession, leading to intoxication on three or more days per week. Individuals who consume these levels of alcohol have also a greater than average risk of developing alcoholic liver cirrhosis. However, the levels should not be taken as absolute, since they can vary greatly in different individuals, according to body weight and other factors. The symptoms and consequences associated with severe alcohol consumption also vary greatly; that is, in some individuals only a few may be present. These may consist of the development of physical dependence manifested as a state of physical discomfort or hyperexcitability (tremors or shakes) that are reduced by continued consumption; the development of tolerance to the effects of alcohol, which leads individuals to increase their consumption; accidents while intoxicated; blackouts, characterized by loss of memory of events while intoxicated; work problems, including dismissal; loss of friends and family association; marital problems, including divorce; financial losses, including bankruptcy or continual unemployment. Medical problems can include gastric ulcers, pancreatitis, liver disease, and brain atrophy and cognitive deficiencies, as shown by the inability to comprehend relatively simple...
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