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Local Law

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Submitted By daisyliz
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Local Law Paper
Business Law / BUS/415

Caso 1
Luis Acosta, Inc. v. Departamento de Asuntos Al Consumidor El Departamento de Asuntos al Consumidor (DACO) le impuso una multa al Sr. Luis Acosta por violar la Ley de Pesas y Medidas. Esta ocurrió por la distribución de paquetes de arroz de tres libras con un peso menor indicado al paquete. El Sr. Acosta solicita una revisión de la decisión de DACO ante el Tribunal Superior, ya que el Sr. Acosta alega que la acción de DACO conflige con las disposiciones de la ley federal que se permiten variaciones en el peso del paquete en aquellos productos de naturaleza higroscópica. Acosta importa el arroz “Cinta Azul” y lo vende en los mismos paquetes de tres libras en el que llega el arroz de Estados Unidos. DACO va a un supermercado donde venden el arroz Cinta Azul y vio que muchos de los paquetes no daban el peso que decía el paquete de arroz, el cual implementaron la multa. Para implementar la multa ellos de dejan regir por la FDCA, el cual dice que el arroz es un alimento dentro de los términos de la ley. La FDCA prohíbe la rotulación indebida de alimentos en el comercio interestatal. Pero el texto de la Sec. 15 de la Ley de Pesas y Medidas permite en paquetes de tres libras errores menores hasta de 6/16 onzas, no se violo tal norma. Ningún paquete revelo una deficiencia de peso mayor de 4/16 de onza. Este caso se le devolvió a instancia, ya que al ser arroz pulido, si no posee cualidad higroscópica, se permitirá penalizar tan solo errores de menos. De poseer esta cualidad se anulara la multa por razón de que la acción de DACO choca con la norma sentada en Jones. Este caso estoy de acuerdo de que si el arroz por las normas de Jones cumple con la cualidad de Jones le deberían quitar la multa. Porque como se explica en el caso el arroz Cinta Azul es embazado fuera de Puerto Rico, y este pierde la consistencia, ya sea porque pierde líquido, o porque al ser trasportado, el arroz en muchos de sus paquetes puede perder arroz y humedad. Además entre la cantidad descrita en el paquete versus la pesada, no tiene una gran diferencia para que le impongan la multa al Sr. Acosta.
Caso 2
Janet Colon González y otros v. Tiendas Kmart y otros
La Sra. Janet Colon González fue con su familia a la tienda Kmart en Cayey. La Sra. Colon mientras pasaba por un corredor en el área de deportes, una caja llena de mercancía le cayó encima golpeándola en el hombro izquierdo. El impacto de la caja provocó que ésta se desplomara de espaldas encima de la mercancía deportiva colocada en uno de los anaqueles. Al caer, los bates de pelota que se encontraban en el anaquel también le cayeron encima.
A consecuencia sufrió hematomas en la cabeza y en la parte baja de su espalda al golpearse con la orilla de la base del anaquel. La caja impactó, además, un carrito de compras que estaba ubicado en el pasillo, con mercancía de la tienda. Éste se viró e impactó fuertemente a la peticionaria en sus piernas, específicamente en el área de la rodilla y los muslos.
Se lleva el caso al Tribunal de Primera Instancia. Se demanda a Kmart reclamando compensación por danos y perjuicios sufridos en el accidente.
A consecuencia del accidente, la peticionaria sufrió intenso dolor en sus piernas, la espalda y cabeza. Estos padecimientos se prolongaron por aproximadamente tres meses luego del incidente. Sin embargo, ha continuado experimentando intensos dolores e hinchazón en la rodilla izquierda. Además, continuamente le aparecen hematomas en dicha rodilla.
Para comprobar esto en corte se llevo a dos peritos Dr. Rodríguez y el Dr. Llompart, ambos ortopedas, y coincidieron en que la condición de la peticionaria surgió a consecuencia del trauma sufrido por esta en la tienda Kmart. Además coincidieron que la condición es crónica e incapacitante. El Dr. Llompart, el perito de la parte demandada, informa que la peticionaria tiene un diez porciento de incapacidad permanente en la pierna izquierda.
A causa del accidente la Sra. Colon no puede seguir trabajando, ya que a causa del intenso dolor que sufría y la hinchazón en su pierna izquierda no la dejaban trabajar. Además sufrió una disminución drástica en sus actividades cotidianas. Eso le causo angustia a la Sra. Colon.
El tribunal concluyó que Kmart incumplió con su deber jurídico de proveer un lugar seguro para que la peticionaria realizara sus compras. Determinó que Kmart creó una condición peligrosa al situar cajas de 2 a 3 pies de alto, cada una, precisamente en el área destinada para el tránsito de clientes –es decir, el corredor entre los estantes de mercancía del piso—, con mercancía dentro de éstas, y sin haber tomado las medidas necesarias para evitar que se cayeran, ya sea por acción de otras personas o por su propio peso. Indicó que el incidente acaecido era claramente previsible. Por tanto, le impuso responsabilidad a Kmart. Se le impuso una multa de 81,064.28 más 2,000 de honorarios de abogado.
Kmart quedo inconforme y apelo al Tribunal de Circuito de apelaciones. Se presentaron todas las evidencias de las partes y los testimonios El Tribunal de Circuito de Apelaciones le dio a lugar la sentencia dada por el TPI, en donde quedó demostrada la negligencia de Kmart por ésta haber creado una condición peligrosa en su tienda, y no haber tomado medidas de precaución para la protección de sus clientes, lo cual resultó en el daño sufrido por la parte peticionaria. Incumplió su deber y, por tanto, procede imponerle responsabilidad. Se revoco la sentencia emitida por el Tribunal de Circuito de Apelaciones y dejo en vigor la del Tribunal de Primera Instancia.
La decisión dada por los dos tribunales, en cuanto al caso fue la más acertada, ya que a causa de una negligencia de la misma tienda, causo un daño a un cliente de esta, el cual fue una persona afectada, y esto expone en peligro al resto de la clientela. Kmart después de ese incidente debe de tomar medidas preventivas para que no vuelva a ocurrir otro accidente como este, o inclusive peor. Tienen que tener unos estándares dentro de la tienda en cuestión de almacenamiento, y como poner y cuanto deben de poner en los estantes para que la mercancía no se caiga y cause accidentes. La tienda debe responsabilizarse por el bienestar de sus clientes y tener un ambiente seguro para ellos.

Caso 3
José Viñas y su Esposa Francisca Casañas de Viñas v. Pueblo Supermarket of Puerto Rico, Inc., y Great American Indemnity Company; R. Pérez Collazo h/n/b Esso Service Station
La Sra. Francisca Casañas caminando por el estacionamiento del Supermercado Pueblo se resbalo con un agua grasosa y se cayó. Así que la Sra. Casañas junto a su esposo demandan a Pueblo y la gasolinera Esso ya que gracias a la gasolinera es que hay un agua grasosa en el pavimento entre Pueblo y Esso.
Pero como Pueblo al saber de esto y no se a tomado la molestia de arreglar esta situación, ocurre este accidente el cual la Sra. Casañas sufre de una lección el cual le ocasiono un traumatismo severo en el pie derecho, en la rodilla izquierda, y en una mano, a los cuatro días del accidente presento hinchazón de toda la pierna derecha desde el tercio medio de la pierna derecha hasta el pie derecho, de causa de esto se le formo hematoma que ocupaba la región del tobillo y de las articulaciones del tarso en el pie derecho.
Presento laceraciones en la rodilla izquierda y una lesión en la mano izquierda en el dedo anular. En la radiografía se revelo un ligero desprendimiento en la cara superior del hueso escafoides del tarso derecho. Con motivo de esto permaneció en cama cerca de 25 días y luego fue referida al fisioterapista.
Se lleva a tribunales este caso, en el cual todos fueron responsables en el accidente. La Sra. Casañas pudo haber evitado el accidente si esta hubiese caminado por otra área, el supermercado, si hubiese sido mas responsable con el bienestar de su clientela arreglando la situación de las aguas grasosas, y por ultimo Esso si toma las medidas necesarias para evitar la salida de aguas grasosas.
El tribunal sentencio de que si la Sra. Casañas no fue negligente y por eso en vez de $4,000 de estimados de danos sufridos se determino $2,142.50.
En esta sentencia fue un poco injusta, ya que la Sra. Casañas no lo hizo adrede. El supermercado junto con la gasolinera se hubiesen hecho responsables del accidente, ya que aunque tuviera el paso para pasar por otra parte, el supermercado sabio del agua aceitosa y hubieran evitado que alguien se lastimara. Se le hubiera dado la remuneración completa de los 4,000.

Referencias

Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). The legal environment of business and online commerce:Business ethics, e-commerce, regulatory, and international issues. (6th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. |

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