...PART A – THEVENIN THEOREMS Find the Thevenin and and Norton equivalent circuit to the left of terminals A-B for the network shown below. Connect the Norton equivalent circuit to the load and find the current in the 15Ω resistor. Show all the steps for the equivalent circuit. Thevenin Theorem | Norton Theorem | VTH = 25Ω ×12 10Ω+25ΩVTH = 8.57 VRTH = [10Ω//25Ω] + 25Ω = [10 Ω×25Ω] + 25Ω [10 Ω+25Ω] RTH = 32Ω | Rtotal= 10Ω + (25Ω//25Ω) = 10Ω + [(25Ω × 25Ω0] [(25Ω + 25Ω)] = 10Ω + 12.5ΩRtotal = 22.5 ΩItotal = 12V/22.5Ω= 0.53 AIsc= 0.53A × [ 25Ω] [25Ω + 25Ω] = 0.53A × 0.5Ω = 0.265 ARN = 25Ω + (25Ω//10Ω) = 25Ω + [25 × 10] [25 + 10]RN = 32.14 ΩNorthon equivalent circuit:Current in 15Ω resistor:IL = 0.53 × [ 32.14Ω] [32.14Ω + 15Ω] = 1.21 A | 1.1 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT Thevenin Theorem 1.2 OBJECTIVE * To calculate the parameters of AC equivalent circuits transformation theorems * To apply theory techniques to the solution of AC circuit problems. 1.3 THEORY Thevenin’s Theorem states any linear two port network can be replaced by a single voltage source with series impedance. While the theorem is applicable to any number of voltage and current sources, this exercise will only examine single source circuits for the sake of simplicity. The Thevenin voltage is the open circuit output voltage. This...
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...Long-Term Short-Term Financing Gwen Florence University of Phoenix June 19, 2012 Long-Term Short-Term Financing Both new and established businesses will find it necessary to incur debts during the course of business operations. Financing may be sought for a multitude of reasons – like smoothing cash flow, purchasing equipment, or expanding operations. The choice between short- and long-term financing options should be determined based on each business’ individual needs. To make that determination, businesses also need to understand when each type of financing is appropriate. For financing needs over a period of a year or less, sort term financing can be used to inject capital into businesses (Ross, Thompson, Christensen, Westerfield, Jordan, 2001). Short term financing options include short-term loans, letters of credit, promissory notes, over drafting, and inventory loans. These options are often used by businesses to cover day-to-day costs like supplies, inventory orders, and wages. Due to the nature of their shifting demands, seasonal businesses in particular often use short term finance arrangements. An example of short-term financing is a company signing a short-term loan in order to purchase more inventories. Proceeds from sales of goods would be used to repay the loan. This is appropriate only if the capital required by the firm can be paid off within the loan’s timeframe. For financing needs over a longer...
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...Long-Term and Short-Term Financing Long-Term and Short-Term Financing Long-Term and Short-Term Financing There will come a time when the company will want to make improvements for the company, during this time the company will need more funding for new equipment, enhanced cash flow, new technology, and any other company expansion they want or ay need. It is normal for any business to have debts once in a while just to support the rest of their business operations. For this, the company may choose between long-term financing and short-term financing. They should determine the company’s needs and understand the difference between the two options before determining which of these options is most advantageous for the company. The best option for financing needs that last a year or less is short-term financing. Short-term financing will provide the company with enough capital needed. Promissory noted, short-term loans, inventory loans, over drafting, and letter of credits are part of short-term financing. Short-term loan will help the business by boosting the inventory orders, daily supplies of the company, and wage distribution aside from raising capital. Signing a short-term loan which is payable for six months is the best example of how short-term financing works. Thinking about it positively, he can use the profit from their sales to pay this loan. If the company is confident in paying the loan back on the due date they should use such loan. (Thompson, 2001) ...
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...Long-Term and Short-Term Financing Long-Term and Short-Term Financing There will come a time when the company will want to make improvements for the company, during this time the company will need more funding for new equipment, enhanced cash flow, new technology, and any other company expansion they want or ay need. It is normal for any business to have debts once in a while just to support the rest of their business operations. For this, the company may choose between long-term financing and short-term financing. They should determine the company’s needs and understand the difference between the two options before determining which of these options is most advantageous for the company. The best option for financing needs that last a year or less is short-term financing. Short-term financing will provide the company with enough capital needed. Promissory noted, short-term loans, inventory loans, over drafting, and letter of credits are part of short-term financing. Short-term loan will help the business by boosting the inventory orders, daily supplies of the company, and wage distribution aside from raising capital. Signing a short-term loan which is payable for six months is the best example of how short-term financing works. Thinking about it positively, he can use the profit from their sales to pay this loan. If the company is confident in paying the loan back on the due date they should use such loan. (Thompson, 2001) For a company that needs financing...
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...Long-Term and Short-Term Financing FIN/200 November 19, 2010 David Stretton Long-Term and Short-Term Financing All business owners make profit but they also acquire debt in the process of making money. In order to make money as a business owner you have to spend money to be successful. So, in order for a business to stay afloat the business owners may decide to purchase big ticket items that they really do not have the on hand revenue for. In order for a business owner to purchase these items or even expand the business they must decide what type of financing they need to do so. Depending on the businesses needs they could either choose to go with long-term financing or short-term financing. If a business owner wants to finance something for a shorter period of time like one year or less, then it is best for them to go with short-term financing. Short-term financing really depends on what the business owner needs the loan for. The options for short-term financing could include a line of credit, a note, pledging receivables, or even factoring (Block, Hirt, Danielsen, 2009). One example of a business owner using short-term financing would be to purchase inventory for the next year. Long-term financing is done when a business owner needs a bigger amount of money and they want to pay it back in a longer period than just one year. The long-term financing options could be a term loan, preferred stock equity, or even a secured or unsecured loan (Block, Hirt, Danielsen...
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...“ANALYSIS OF LONG TERM FINANCING IN RIICO’’ A Summer Internship Project/Dissertation SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF Master of Business Administration SUBMITTED BY RAUNAK JAIN ROLL NO.-AUR1001049 UNDER GUIDANCE OF MS. ARPITA SHARMA AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN 2010-2012 Acknowledgement Achieving A Milestone For Any Person Is Extremely Difficult. However, There Are Motivations Which Come Across The Curvaceous Path Like Twinkling Stars And Make Our Task Easier. An Opportunity Has Been Given To Me By Rajasthan Sate Industrial Development And Investment Corporation Limited. Jaipur For Summer Training In The Field Of Finance For The Period From 6 june 2011 To 21th July 2011 (45 Days) I Would Also Like To Express My Special Gratitude To Mr. P.M. Jain For Giving His Precious Time For Guiding Me And Help Me In Bringing Out The Work In The Present Shape And Sharing A Valuable Knowledge Which Help Me In Building The Future Edge Of My Career. Also I would Like To Thanks Mr. A.K Jahalani (Agm –Appraisal), Mr. Suneet Mathur (Osd-Infra/Finance), Mr. V.B.Mathur (Agm-F&R), Mr.A.C. Chhabra(Sr.Dgm-Finance), Mr.R.K.Limba(Dgm-Appraisal),Mr.P.K. Sharma(Dgm),Mr. Vishal Dixit, Anoop Kumar Mathur(Dgm-Pid). Unger The Supervision Of Sir Krishan Goyal Sipriya (Dgm(Finance)) Thanks To Sir For Giving Valuable Input Time To Time In The Course Of My Training...
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...Long-Term Financing Need for Huffman Trucking June 23, 2014 FIN / 486 Long-Term Financing Needs for Huffman Trucking The recent economy gives light unto high need for future preparations and budgeting for a successful company to succeed. Huffman Trucking has taken the initiative to evaluate its previous years and analyze its data in order to project a steadily growing success in its near and long sight future. Huffman has continued to grow over the years with wisely thought out acquisitions and continued exemplary customer service. The company sees its future by creating a new direction with its financial and strategic planning as well as being a major leader in the competitive trucking industry. Marketing research evaluating customer’s needs was at the forefront of this development providing Huffman with opportunities for additional growth. The External Financing Needs, or a shorter version known as EFN, expresses the amount of difference between the company’s assets and its liabilities. This equation is the amount referred to in order to make the balance sheet accurately balance. On the balance sheet for Huffman Trucking (below), the net income is slightly off in numbers. In order for Huffman to balance these numbers out, they will need to secure EFN. To calculate this equation the liabilities are subtracted from the assets. Balance Sheet | December 2011 2010 | Assets | Current Assets | Cash | $51,993...
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...Evaluate the long term financing of Stemlife Company Stemlife Company’s capital structure is made up of 100% equity. It has two types of equities; ordinary stocks and retaining earning. Stemlife issues two types of stocks; stocks capital and stocks premium. There are several advantages of offering common stocks. First, by issuing common stocks the company can raise a large sum of money (Anonymous, etd). Secondly, the board of directors can decide on the amount of dividend paid to the stockholders (Anonymous, etd). Thirdly, the company needs not pay the stockholders if it is not doing well (Anonymous, 2006). The company also does not have a maturity date to repay the fund (Anonymous, 2006). There is also less restriction to follow in issuing stocks. On top of that, stockholders also pump in part of their dividend (unappropriated profit) into the company for investment and business expansion. This increases Stemlife’s financial resources. There are several advantages of reinvesting profit by stockholder into the company (Anonymous, etd.). First, the company can avoid payment of cash and issuance of cost (Anonymous, etd.). Secondly, the existing management can maintain its control over the company (Anonymous, etd.). The amount of retained earning put in by Stemlife increases from year 2006 to year 2007. A company needs to have good fundamentals in order to attract investors to invest in its stock. A strong balance sheet plays an important role as it speaks on behalf of the company...
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...ACC230 Lucent Technologies 2. Evaluate the asset, debt, and equity structure of Lucent technologies, as well as trends and changes found on the common size balance sheet. Assets are current assets plus long-term assets, current assets were about 49.42% and fixed assets equal about 10%.Which has been mostly financed by long-term liabilities of 96% and short-term liabilities of 31%, this equals to 127% financing do to negative equity on previous year losses. In 2004 assets decreased to at about 48.52%, the company sold some of the fixed assets equaling about 13.5%. There was also an increase in inventory from 4% in 2003 to 4.8% in 2004. There was an increase in long-term liability of about 9% but there was also a decrease in short-term liability of about 9.5% which helps offsets the increase in the long-term liabilities. There was improvement in equity of about 9% for the year. 3. What concerns would investors and creditors have based on only this information? According to the balance sheet the company is not financially sound with mostly long-term financing 82% and short-term of about 26% a total of about 108% this is still high, Lucent inventory has also increased this is also something that needs to be kept in mind if the demand for the product starts to decline and there’s to much inventory that’s not moving what will be the carrying cost and can the company with stand those costs, and as an investor or creditor I am sure they definitely don’t want...
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...Continuum of Care- Long-term Care Long-term care has and is continuing to become an important part of the continuum of care. Years ago Long-term care (LTC) was considered only to be for the elderly, but as time passes it is for anybody and everybody who needs it. Barton (2006) stated, “Regardless of the length of time (i.e., from weeks to years), long-term care is an array of services provided in a range of settings to individuals who have lost some capacity for independence due to injury, chronic illness, or condition” (p. 367). According to Barton (2006), it states that the services long-term care provides help the consumer with basic needs and shows the individuals how to do daily living activities, along with therapy and being able to manage their conditions. Today long-term care is serving consumers of all ages in home, community, and institutional settings (Barton, 2006). Long-term care has contributed to the continuum of care tremendously because it is offering an array of services for consumers in different places and not just focusing on one specific population. In the last few years long-term care has become more of a need for more than 12million people in the United States, and out of these 12 million people, five million of them are nearly disabled (Barton, 2006). Barton (2006) stated, “a significant proportion of people needing long-term care-nearly half –is younger than 65: 40 percent are working age adults and about 3 percent are children younger than age 18”...
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... Changes may include the effects of his or her medical benefits, employment options, retirement, social security, housing, and most important who will provide care for the aging family members. Since entering into the new millennium, The United States has been challenged with the meeting of many demands that our aging population requires. For example, the increase there has been in the health costs, financing and delivery of health care for the older population, and the worries about health care quality is a serious challenge for health care. Health care is researched, and this is needed to help the aging population benefit from the advances in clinical, biomedical, and behavioral research. Aging adults face the challenges of chronic diseases that contributes to the diminishment of life, disability, and the increase that is seen with the cost of long-term health care. The number of older individuals is expected to increase always over time because somewhere someone is aging, and this will affect the penalties for public health, delivery systems, health care financing, informal care giving, and pension systems. Furthermore, other Countries around the world have been known to pay much more attention to the aging population, and an extensive number of these individuals and growing amount of chronic disease will place tension on resources in countries where simple public health concerns are yet to be tackled fully (S. Jacobzone, 2000). Baby boomers have to face challenges...
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...United States provides continuum of care for health services. The need for long-term care is growing as the average life span of Americans continues to lengthen. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services estimates that about nine million men and woman over the age of 65 in the United States will need long-term care. Long-term care is a range of medical and social services designed to help people who has disabilities or chronic care needs. Services may be short or long-term and may be in a personal home in the community or in a residential facility. Long-term care facilities such as nursing homes provide care for the elderly or people who are unable to take care of them selves. The important of this paper is to discuss the continuum care of long-term care and examine the future trends of long-term care. Long-Term Care In defining long-term care there are several points. Long-term care is low tech, although it has become more complicated because many elderly patients with complex medical needs are being discharge into long-term settings. The age groups that mostly require long-term care are those who are 85 and older. This age group will double by 2030 and double again by 2050. Long-term care facilities are facilities that provide 24- hour skilled nursing assistance with activities of daily living, health services, and a number of activities. Many people would prefer not to be placed in a long-term care facility. However, some elderly have to because of their condition...
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...Assignment 2: INDIVIDUAL You are required to choose a company listed on Bursa Malaysia. It is important that you have access to the last two years (2012 & 2013). 1. Based on the company you have selected, write a brief introduction on the business including historical background, nature of business, financial performance and the industry in general. 2. Based on the latest financial statements of the company identify and explain the amount of financing sources the company have from the short term, intermediate and long term financing. Compare each of the financing sources to the company’s total amount of financing. 3. Based on your answers in Part 2 and the company’s financing requirements, identify and explain the company’s main source of financing. Evaluate the importance of the financing source and the effects on the company’s capital structure. Answer: PROFILE The history of the PROTASCO BHD can be traced back to the early 1990s when its founders, Dato’ Hasnur Rabiain bin Ismail and Dato’ Chong Ket Pen started in the road construction business by setting up of HCM in 1991. In the start-up years, HCM was involved in sub-contracting works for clients like PROPEL and JKR. In 1994, the Group achieved a significant milestone when it was awarded a major road construction contract from PROPEL for RM 7.5 million for the pavement construction of the EastWest Link Expressway (Package 5) in Kuala Lumpur. Over the past 10 years, the Group has gradually built up an...
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...capital leases. This paper should satisfy any questions about these topics. Long-Term Liabilities Included are several types of long-term liabilities; bonds payable, notes payable, and capital leases. Each of these types of debts have some similarities and some differences regarding the reporting and disclosure requirements, so to better understand those requirements and ensure proper application of requirements, an explanation is given. Loan covenants or restrictions usually come with long-term debt to protect both lenders and borrowers (Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield, 2007). The information included in the loan covenant is the amount authorized to be issued, interest rate, due dates, call provisions, property pledged as security, sinking fund requirements, working capital, or any other restrictions. All of this information should be included in the body of the financial statements or the notes for a complete understanding of the financial position of the company (Kieso, et al., 2007). Bonds Payable Companies should report long-term bond liabilities at their amortized value. If a bond issues at a premium, the total bond liability reported at the end of the reporting period shall be the total par value of the bond and the premium received less the issuance costs. If the bond issues at a discount, the reported amount would be the total par value less the unamortized discount. Notes Payable Long-term notes payable have a maturity date and either stated or implicit interest...
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...financing do to negative equity on previous year losses. In 2004 assets decreased to at about 48.52%, the company sold some of the fixed assets equaling about 13.5%. There was also an increase in inventory from 4% in 2003 to 4.8% in 2004. There was an increase in long-term liability of about 9% but there was also a decrease in short-term liability of about 9.5% which helps offsets the increase in the long-term liabilities. There was improvement in equity of about 9% for the year. 3. What concerns would investors and creditors have based on only this information? According to the balance sheet the company is not financially sound with mostly long-term financing 82% and short-term of about 26% a total of about 108% this is still high, Lucent inventory has also increased this is also something that needs to be kept in mind if the demand for the product starts to decline and there’s to much inventory that’s not moving what will be the carrying cost and can the company with stand those costs, and as an investor or creditor I am sure they definitely don’t want to see negative equity. As stated there was profit gain of $2002 in 2004 showing the company can improve and its financial planning seems to be on the right patch and I am sure they will continue to improve. As a creditor the company shows 48.5% in total current assets which is good in case the firm needs to liquefy more assets when needed as it did previously, and 26% in total current liabilities showing a decrease. Overall...
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