...History of English Literature Overview Anglo-Saxon Literature (500-1100) The Angles and Saxon conquered what is now called England in the 5th and 6th centuries. Christian missionaries taught the English to write. Northumbria soon produced Caedmon and Bede. Heroic poetry of a Christian kind is the chief legacy of Old English literature, notably Beowulf and the Elegies. A considerable prose literature grew up after King Alfred. Middle English Literature (1100-1500) Literature in England in this period was not just in English and Latin but in French as well and developed in directions set largely in France. Epic and Elegy gave way to romance and Lyric. English writing revived fully in English after 1360 and flowered in the reign of Richard II (1372-99). It gained a literary standard in London English after 1425 and developed modern forms of verse, prose and of Drama. The conquest of England in 1066 by William of Normandy displaced English as medium of literature. The language of new rulers was French. Saxons dealing with the King had to learn French and French was the language of court and the law for three centuries. Four genres of Middle English are: i. 1. Fabliau 2. Lyric 3. Dream Allegory 4. Ballad Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer is the best story teller and the narrative poet. Chaucer tells his stories in a most effective way. He has the knack of transforming an old tale into a new one in such a manner that its appeal increases manifold and its human...
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...FAMOUS WRITERS & THEIR WORK Old English (Anglo-Saxon Period): writers: Caedmon and Cynewulf. work: Beowulf (by anonymous). 1200-1500: Middle English Period : Geoffrey Chaucer's(1343-1400) : The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde and Book of the Duchess. Other Major Poems The House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowles, The Legend of Good Women. Prose Treatises Treatise on the astrolabe. Short Poems The Complaint of Chaucer to His Purse ,Truth, Gentilesse, Merciles Beaute, Lak of Stedfastnesse, Against Women Unconstant. Geoffrey Chaucer Thomas Malory's (1405-1471) : Morte d'Arthur. work: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (by anonymous). 1500-1660: The English Renaissance 1500-1558: Tudor Period (Humanist Era) The Humanists: Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) : Utopia, The History of King Richard the Third, The Life of Pico della Mirandola, The Four Last Things, A Dialogue Concerning Tyndale, The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer, A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation and Sadness of Christ . Sir Thomas More John Skelton (1460-1529): A ballade of the Scottysshe Kynge John Skelton Sir Thomas Wyatt(1503-1542): My Lute Awake! Once, As Methought, Fortune Me Kissed They Flee From Me The restful place ! renewer of my smart It may be good, like it who list In faith I wot not what to say There Was Never Nothing More Me Pained Patience ! though I have not Though I Cannot Your Cruelty Constrain Blame Not My Lute My Pen ! Take Pain The heart and...
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..."What if the Sun / Be Centre to the World": Cosmology in Paradise Lost Nothing less than the creation and ordering of the universe defines the scope of Paradise Lost. The epic explores its cosmological theme in theoretical discussions between Adam and Raphael and in the narrator's descriptions and metaphors. Further, Milton imagines Satan surveying the universe in an expedition of discovery through a new world in his fall from Heaven and his passage through Chaos to Earth. Adam tries to understand the earth's physical place in the universe and its associated ontological and theological value as the home of man. He wonders aloud about "this Earth a spot, a grain,/ An Atom, with the Firmament compar'd/ And all her numbered Starrs, that seem to rowl /Spaces incomprehensible" (PL 8.17-21). Milton asks us to imagine the first man struggling with many of the same questions a Renaissance thinker, contemplating new models of the universe, must have considered. In response to the theory that everything revolves around the sun and not the earth, philosophers were forced to question the importance of man's role in the universal order. Raphael, responding to Adam's concerns, suggests there is no reason "bodies bright and greater should not serve / The less not bright, nor Heav'n such journies run / Earth sitting still" (PL 8.87-9). Yet, the poem does not answer all such questions directly, and scholars often find it difficult to determine Milton's attitude toward science. In these debates...
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...G-DTN-M-FORA ENGLISH Paper—I (Literature) Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300 INSTRUCTIONS Candidates should attempt Question Nos. I and 5 which are compulsoty, and any three of the remaining questions. selecting at least one question from each Section. The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question. Answers must be written in English. Important : Whenever a Question is being attempted, all its parts/sub-parts must be attempted contiguously. This means that before moving on to the next Question to be attempted, candidates must finish attempting all parts/sub-parts of the previous Question attempted. This is to be strictly followed. Pages left blank in the answer-book are to he clearly struck out in ink. A fly answers that follow pages left blank may not be given credit [I] SECTION—A 1. Write short notes on each of the following. Each question should be answered in 150 words : 12x5=60 (a) In King Lear -Cordelia's goodness is as absolute and inexplicable as her sisters' reprovable badness...." Critically analyse the above statement with reference to your reading of King Lear. (b) -The Classical humanism of the Renaissance was fundamentally medieval and fundamentally Christian...." Critically analyse this statement. (c) How do the 'Sylphs' help in the development of the 'mock-epic' element in The Rape of the Lock ? (d) "The Romantic age marks the end of pastoral poetry in the very shock of its collision with actual...
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...THE DESTINY OF THE UNEVANGELIZED DEBATE PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR OGEDI OMENYINMA FOR THEO 350 – DO4 BY REV. JOSEPH T. WHITAKER, III LU23755920 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LYNCHBURG VIRGINIA JULY 31, 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 NO OTHER NAME (THE RESTRICTIVE VIEW)---------------------------------------------------- GOD DOES ALL HE CAN DO (THE UNIVERSAL OPPORTUNITY VIEW)------------------- HOPE BEYOND THE GRAVE (THE POSTMORTEM EVANGELISM VIEW)---------------- HE HAS NOT LEFT HIMSELF WITHOUT A WITNESS (THE INCLUSIVE VIEW)--------- CONCLUSION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIBLIOGRAPHY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Introduction The terrible reality of hell and the possibility that human beings can find themselves in that horrific location is a very serious and sobering consideration. An examination of some of the opinions/views will be made in this paper, with special attention given to the authoritative Word of God, as Scripture...
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...Life After Death, What Happens After We Die? Contents Introduction 3 Ideas on Life After Death in Different Religions 4 Perception of Life After Death in Literature: Dante's “Inferno” 6 Life After Death in Art: Rodin's “The Gates of Hell” 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction The question associated with life after death is associated with people of all races, genders, ages and world religions. It is understandable that people cannot live forever, and death is an inevitable event. But still people are interested what will happen to them after death, and what it means to die. There are great numbers of assumptions on this issue, and people's opinions differ, but still it is difficult to reveal the truth, as nobody knows this for sure. This paper will focus on different assumptions and possible events taking place after people's death. Of course every person thinks about afterlife concept in the current period of time, as it would be really strange not to consider this issue at least once. People should understand and be aware of possible events happened to them after life in order to value the current state of affairs and life in the present period of time. It is necessary to make the right choice and build proper relationships with people surrounding you, as every day is unique, and it would be impossible to return it again. D'Souza (2009) stated that the Bible teaches people “that...
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...the American class system determines your manner, Lifestyle and character 1. Introduction: Fitzgerald believed the American dream was false and distorted. 2. Stories showed the decadence of the Jazz Age but with a jaded view 3. 1920s a. About the time period b. “The Jazz Age” c. Wealth d. Social values e. Fashion 4. Works by Fitzgerald a. This Side of Paradise b. The Great Gatsby c. The love of the last tycoon 5. Symbolism a. Great Gatsby i. Green light ii. Valley of ashes (poor’s lack of values, unfaithful’s lack of morals) iii. Beat up car b. This Side of Paradise i. Speed and cars ii. Alcohol as means to forget c. The Love of the Last Tycoon i. Car ii. Sheep /people iii. Light/darkness as reality/fantasy 6. Theme a. American dream b. Class system c. Relationships 7. Conclusion The death of the “American Dream” was a notable part of the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. His use of symbolism and extensive writings on the large gap between the social classes demonstrated why he felt this way. According to his writings, Fitzgerald was of the opinion that where a person fell in the class system would play a huge role in how the American dream played out for them. Social class in America would determine the lifestyle, manners, wealth and opportunity which could be achieved. For those unlucky enough...
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...her has been put down, too. Only his brain has survived and it has been used as the hardware of a computer to maintain the system and so as her dog, Brownie, his brain has to put into the system for traffic regulation. To me, this is a horrify story because if this is our future, it is a dystopias. We are not living in a free will and even our lives’ purpose is serving as the hardware component of a computer. If we are not suitable for the computer, we will be trashed. Gunn does not give much about the background, but she has stated that the building that Elizabeth took the test is built before the war. I can assume that there is World War III and the war almost destroy the mankind or human have the war with High A.I. computer like Skynet in the Terminator. Nevertheless, both situations lead to one result, human was almost extinct or lost the war and now human is depending and listening to the computer. “He had just come off work, and she knew he would be...
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...John Milton’s epic 17th century poem, Paradise Lost and Mary Shelley’s early 19th century novel Frankenstein both demonstrate an overlapping theme of curiosity. This is expressed in the texts through mankind’s curiosity for knowledge of the human race, which aids in construction of identity. While each of the texts support the mutual theme of curiosity, the authors exemplify the theme in not only similar, but also different ways. Both texts use the nature of the timeframe in history to provoke Eve and Victor’s wrongdoings through their curiosity for knowledge. In addition to this, Eve and Victor’s curiosity for knowledge is similarly attained through outside sources, such as Satan and the Tree of Knowledge, and the Monster. Their wrongdoings...
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...OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE • Palaeolithic nomads from mainland Europe; • New inhabitants came from western and possibly north-western Europe (New Stone Age); • in the 2nd millennium BC new inhabitants came from the Low Countries and the middle Rhine (Stonehenge); • Between 800 and 200 BC Celtic peoples moved into Britain from mainland Europe (Iron Age) • first experience of a literate civilisation in 55 B.C. • remoter areas in Scotland retained independence • Ireland, never conquered by Rome, Celtic tradition • The language of the pre-Roman settlers - British (Welsh, Breton); Cornish; Irish and Scottish Gaelic (Celtic dialect) • The Romans up to the fifth century • Britain - a province of the Roman Empire 400 years • the first half of the 5th century the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (N Germany, Jutland) • The initial wave of migration - 449 A. D. • the Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) • the Britain of his time comprised four nations English, British (Welsh), Picts, and Scots. • invaders resembling those of the Germans as described by Tacitus in his Germania. • a warrior race • the chieftain, the companions or comitatus. • the Celtic languages were supplanted (e.g. ass, bannock, crag). * Christianity spread from two different directions: * In the 5th century St Patrick converted Ireland, in the 7th century the north of England was converted by Irish monks; * in the south at the end of the 6th century Aethelberht of Kent allowed the monk Augustine...
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...‘Tis Pity She’s a Whore Revision Guide ------------------------------------------------- Act I Scene 1 ------------------------------------------------- Plot Summary: * ------------------------------------------------- The Friar and Giovanni discuss Giovanni's incestuous love for his sister, Annabella. * ------------------------------------------------- The friar, formerly Giovanni's teacher when he studied at the university of Bologna, warns him of the seriousness of his sin, but Giovanni claims his passion remains beyond his control. * ------------------------------------------------- The Friar believes that Giovanni, a good student of logic, uses logic to prove something sinful to be virtuous. * ------------------------------------------------- The friar warns him that others who used logic ‘‘to prove / There was no God ... / Discover'd ... the nearest way to hell.’’ * ------------------------------------------------- When Giovanni begs for his advice, the Friar urges him to fast and pray, which Giovanni agrees to try, though it fails to rid him of his incestuous love. * ------------------------------------------------- He believes himself fated to love his sister and to pursue her love. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Commentary: * ------------------------------------------------- Attempting to justify incest theoretically. * ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Bible 104 7/10/15 New Testament Dictionary Project 2 Jesus Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, in the “City of David. Jesus Crist was circumcised on the “8th day.” Jesus mother name is Mary and his adoptive fathers name is Joseph. Both parents live in the City of Nazareth, Nazareth is a Galilean town within the “territory of Zebulun.” At the age of 12, Jesus began talking to religious teachers. As Jesus grew older his wisdom increased. At the age of 30 Jesus was by baptized by John the baptized. Jesus was led by the Holy Sprite in the wilderness where he was fasting “40 days and 40 nights.” At Jebel Qarantal west of Jericho. Jesus was known as the Messiah, the King of the Jews. Jesus was born to save mankind from their sins. Jesus worshiped the synagogues on the Sabbath day. About that time Jesus began to gather his disciples possible, around about the year of 70 A.D. which where twelve. Their names are, (John, Andrew, and Peter, Philip, Nathanael, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, Simon and Judas Iscariot and James.) In the city of Galilee Jesus turns water into wine. Jesus disciples, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John wrote the four gospels of Jesus Christ. Jesus travel different cities like, Galilee, Capernaum, and Jerusalem. Jesus is known for his mercies and healing the sick, rising the dead, opening the blinded eyes. Jesus had to stand trial before the authorities about “9am on Friday outside the walls of Jerusalem to the hill of Golgotha.” Jesus was 33 when he died, possibly...
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...Decisions in Paradise, Part III Nik, who has imagined the Kava Island like a paradise prior to his actual visit of the place could not help but to develop an impression to forget about the business proposal in the island right after hearing the myriads of disasters threats in the island. Despite the initial frustration in the condition of the island, he was forced to go on with his mission and assignment which is to carry out the research on the island to analyze the possibility of the plans of the Teva Pharmaceuticals to increase its presence in the island. Determining Factors Affecting the Decision Implementation The disaster threats relative to the geographic location of Kava pose considerable risks to any business operating in the island. Teva Pharmaceuticals will not be exempted from that. The threats also pose real danger to the health of the people of Kava. The risks from the disaster threats could significantly affect the health of the population particularly if accessibility to affordable health and medical supplies is difficult. The threats from AIDS/HIV alone could be devastating but the threat could be eased with available protective device such as affordable and easy accessible condom sheaths. The situation in Kava could be a great opportunity for the Teva Pharmaceuticals to expand its mission which is “to play a leading role in the transformation of the U.S. healthcare system through its pre-eminence in the development, manufacture and marketing of generic pharmaceuticals...
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...1917. Rodin’s Gates of Hell was reputed as a distinct piece considering his unique interpretation of its rough surface texture and shape that demonstrates the illustration of Dante Alighieri’s famous poem, The Divine Comedy (1308 – 1321). A few of Rodin’s most famous sculptures including The Thinker (1880 - 1925), The Kiss (1888 – 1889) and The Three Shades (1902) are inspired by the alto relievo sculptures in The Gates of Hell. This masterpiece was created anon after the Franco- Prussian War (1870 – 1871) during the installation of the French Third Republic (1871 – 1940). Auguste Rodin accepted the commission for The Gates of Hell anon after the Franco- Prussian War between French and German Empires. After France has lost the war, the royalist formerly, Napolcon III surrendered to Germany, which led to the establishment of the Third Republic of France. At the end of the war, the Treaty of Frankfurt (March 1, 1871) was validated in France. The terms involved five billion franc war compensation, and the cost of maintaining the German armies located at the eastern boarder of France as far as the indemnification was paid....
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...The Greek poet Homer (who, if he was one person, was born between 850 and 1100 BCE) was, to use a modern term, the source code for Greek literature and poetry, and therefore for Western literature, heavily influencing practically everyone who followed him, including, of course, the great Florentine poet Dante Alighieri ( 1265-1321 A.D.). Both poets’ visions of Hell, as depicted in The Odyssey and Inferno, are noteworthy because they open important windows into the philosophical and theological underpinnings of the worlds into which these authors were born. Why is this important? Because their elaborately drawn visions of Hell represent the two great divides in how humans for 3,000 years have been seeing themselves and the universe they perceive surrounding them. In the Homeric vision, life is tragic and arbitrary. We as humans are mere playthings of the Fates and the gods. Sometimes justice occurs, but usually only by accident, and even then it comes wrapped up in irony. Good is punished and evil triumphs. The hero, instead of enjoying the fruits of his victory, is brought low by some tragic flaw. Homer’s portrayal of the gods and of hell in the Odyssey…[big long quote] For Dante, in sharp contrast, the universe is ordered and just. The wicked are, eventually, punished and the righteous are rewarded, if not in this life, then in the next. Existence, while often painful and scary, is not arbitrary, but proceeds according to a mysterious divine plan devised long ago by...
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