...The best relationship to have is when your boyfriend is your bestfriend!roductionBrown versus Board of Education was a major turning point in the history of the United States. This major case was actually several cases that were decided by the Supreme Court as one. These cases were argued by the NAACP and their expert team of lawyers led by Thurgood Marshall and his team the Legal Defense and Educational Fund. All the cases were filed by African American parents on behalf of their children. The parents of these children wished it to be brought before the courts that “separate but equal” was not fair. In the South though, Plessy v. Ferguson, “separate but equal” and Jim Crow laws reigned, they had a tough battle ahead.Leading up to Brown v. Board of EducationThe Jim Crow Laws were enacted in mostly the Southern and some of the border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965, slightly less than a hundred years (wikipedia). These laws mandated "separate but equal" status for black Americans. “In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were almost always inferior to those provided to white Americans. The most important laws required that public schools, public places and public transportation, like trains and buses, have separate facilities for whites and blacks” (wikipedia). In the Progressive Era the restrictions were formalized, and segregation was extended to the federal government by President Woodrow Wilson in 1913 (wikipedia).To discuss...
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...Johnson’s Limited War HIST-415 DeVry University November, 2013 The year 1965 could easily have been named Lyndon Johnson’s “Conflicted Conflict”. When we consider the big picture of 1965, the war in South Vietnam is not exactly progressing, as those in Washington would like, anyway. There have already been limited strikes against some targets in North Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. However, the full brunt of American military force has yet to be felt by Hanoi. General Westmoreland, a decorated veteran of two wars is in command at MACV and devised several strategies to allay Johnson’s greater concerns over a wider war. This paper examines Johnson’s trepidation with widening the war in South East Asia, the strategies he was offered to allay some of these fears, and finally a general assessment of the “Rules of Engagement” as they were applied in Vietnam. President Johnson’s unconditional war on poverty was his greatest concern in early 1965, over all he wanted to complete the work of the New Deal and include all Americans in the prosperity of freedom. He was also a fervent believer in containing communism, and did not intend to loose South East Asia in the same manner that China was lost. (Moss, 2010 p.122) Additionally he feared broadening the war because there was always the possibility that if the United States became too aggressive in its prosecution the Soviets and or Red China may intervene. The Chinese intervention in Korea was still a fresh memory...
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...JKF assassination. After military force service as the leader of the speed Torpedo Boats during the Second World War in the south pacific, John Kennedy stood for Massachusetts eleventh congressional district in the United States House of the legislature from 1947 to 1953 as a democrat. Later, he served in the United States council from 1953 to 1960. John Kennedy crushed the deputy President and Republican aspirant Richard in the 1960 United States presidential voting. At forty three years, he was the most young to have been nominated to the presidential office, the second-youngest President following Theodore Roosevelt, and the foremost person born in the 20th century to become the president. As a Roman catholic, John Kennedy was the only non-protestant president, and was the only president who won a Pulitzer award. Events all through his presidency incorporated the Cuban missile emergency, Bay of Pigs attack, the construction of the Berlin wall, the African American national rights group, the space race, and early phases of the Vietnam warfare. Therein, John Kennedy added the number of military force advisers, helicopters and the special operation services in an attempt to curb the increase of Marxism in South East of Asia. Kennedy’s administration approved the policy of the tactical hamlet program which was executed by the South Vietnamese administration. The policy involved certain compulsory relocation, segregation and village internment of country South Vietnamese from...
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...Medicare Policy Process The health care, policy-making process is composed of three major stages; the formulation stage, legislative stage, and the implementation stage. The policy process refers to the specific decisions and events that are required for a policy to be proposed, considered, and finally either implemented and/or set aside. It is an interactive process with multiple points of access providing opportunities to influence the multiple decision makers involved at each stage (Abood, 2007). Each stage presents a unique set of events for a policy to be proposed, considered, and either implemented or rejected. In the formulation stage there is an input of ideas, information, and research from government officials, citizens, and special interest groups. The issue is framed and the purpose and outcome is defined. Finally strategies are chosen and the necessary resources are identified. In the legislative stage the policy must be discussed by congress, agreed on and signed into law. In the implementation stage the policy is put into effect, human resources and funding are allocated. After a new policy is implemented, advocates, opponents, or other “interested parties” begin to consider the consequences of the decision and its implementation (Cockrel, 2007). Abood (2007), “The overall health care system, including the public and private sectors, and the political forces that affect that system are shaped by the health care, policy-making process” (The Policy Process...
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...Impact of US Foreign Policy on the Vietnam War The Vietnam War is one of the most talked about wars in history. It began in 1959 and did not end until 1975. These years saw protests, conflicts, casualties, and confusion for the United States, as well as the terms of three presidents: John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon. When U.S. involvement in the war began under Kennedy, it was originally put out as a plan for the United States to only aid the South Vietnamese, but, after his assassination, Johnson was put in charge. The path that the war took under Johnson was filled with controversy and large numbers of casualties. When Johnson did not run for a second term, Nixon was left in charge to ultimately turn things around. Soon, all of the American troops were removed from Vietnam, and the war slowly began to come to a close. But what was it about Nixon’s foreign policy that was so much more successful than Johnson’s? Was Nixon’s policy more closely related to Kennedy’s successful strategy than Johnson’s was, and, if so, why didn’t Johnson do a better job modeling his policy after Kennedy? These are all questions that political scientists still look at today as a way to solve the many questions that are still being posed about the war. I have looked deeply into these questions, and found answers through researching the history of Vietnam as well as the three presidents. As I read about each event that unfolded, it became clear to me why there were such...
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...government’s stand on minimum wage, the child labor ban, and restrictions of unfair business competitions. Modern liberals favored equality in the country and saw that the growth of the government strengthened individual freedom. They believed the government should supply basic needs for everyone such as food, shelter, and education. Classical and modern liberals ultimately favor individual freedom but modern liberals would rather have everyone in the country enjoying the benefits of personal liberty. All three ideologies favor regulations on business and economy because these are all in the public interest. All sides aim for social justice. The two classic examples of modern liberals in U.S. politics are Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson. Roosevelt’s New Deal saved capitalism in the 1930s by providing programs that helped the unemployed and the elderly. Johnson’s Great Society brought many new programs for the citizens that expanded to many groups of people. These programs included scholarship programs, higher pensions for workers, and Medicare and Medicaid. The Great Society assisted everyone who was poor to the higher-class citizens. Barry Goldwater was a conservative governor from Arizona. Goldwater believed in a strong military for our country and believed that increasing programs to help citizens was not the proper way to solve economic problems. Ronald Reagan was also a conservative who cut taxes and strengthened the country’s defenses during the Cold War...
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...The quote by dr. Martin Luther King Jr. says it all. As well, the quote sums up a major concern in and an important theme in hi speech “breaking Silence” regarding Vietnam. While King centers his entire speech around Vietnam, the war is used more as a case study on the issue of speaking out and taking action. His Focus in the speech is specifically on speaking out and taking action in relation to inequality that exists in society. It is a sad fact that because of comfort, complacency, a morbid fear of communism, and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the Western nations that initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the arch anti-revolutionaries. ... Our only hope today lies in our ability to recapture the revolutionary spirit and go out into a sometimes hostile world declaring eternal hostility to poverty, racism, and militarism. With this powerful commitment we shall boldly challenge the status quo and unjust mores, and thereby speed the day when every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low, the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain.” This specific quotation deserves attention because it highlights an issue in society that is still prevalent today. Of course nowadays communism is no longer a big concern, however, racial and political inequality can still be seen everywhere. Our revolutionary spirit as Americans is also called into question through this quotation by Dr. King,...
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...African American The African American did not arrive in America through the traditional ways of immigration, but instead were forced to leave their homeland by African slave traders. African Slave traders sold African American to American Southerners to work as slave on their plantations. After hundreds of years of being owned by white Americans, the African American was finally given their freedom. Unfortunately, after being released from human slavery and bondage, African Americans had to endure many years of poor treatment and discrimination by members of the American public. After the legislation that was enacted forbidding and punishing discriminatory behavior in society, African Americans were finally able to see a light at the end of the tunnel. Although human equality is still a tremendous work in progress in our society today, after years of decrementing struggles and tribulations, the African American is finally treated like an equal citizen in society. The adverse reality that African Americans did not have the equal right and opportunity to live their lives as free men and women, has set a staggering mark in American history. African Americans were bought and sold like cattle and never looked at as humans but rather property. The laws were designed to benefit the White American and the slave owner and did not recognize the slave as a citizen. Although slavery was made illegal in the Northern regions in 1787, it was not until 1808 before slavery was outlawed...
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...The massive tax cuts proposed by Kennedy in 1962, and signed into law by Lyndon Baines Johnson after Kennedy’s death succeeded in stimulating demand, creating growth in the economy… Business was booming, jobs were plentiful...and unemployment was near an all-time low. But as the economy heated up, the prices began raising out of control. Many economists felt a tax increase would take money out of the hands of the consumers and business… Spending would drop… inflationary pressures would retreat. While his advisors urged Johnson to increase taxes, he didn’t think he could get the votes to support it. While Johnson avowed to create a Great Society and eliminate poverty in American, the biggest item in the federal budget was not war on poverty…it was the war in Vietnam. Because Vietnam was unpopular, he wanted a silent, invisible war and so, therefore, he did not want to raise taxes. He wanted to have the domestic programs and he wanted to be able to run the war as well. The stage was set for the surge of inflation. In the absence of a tax increase or any other effective restraint, consumers and businesses kept spending. At the same time the government kept spending, so businesses operated close to capacity and labor approached full-employment. To meet the demands of the marketplace, expensive new factories had to be built and competition for workers bid up wages. In short, the demand exceeded the economy’s ability to supply and everything began to cost more. Comment & Analysis...
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...Final Exam Vietnam and America 1. Discuss the war under Johnson (1963-68). Why did the Johnson administration expand U.S. military in Vietnam in 1965? How did it do this? Were these actions effective? If not, why were they ineffective? In what ways did the Johnson administration deceive the U.S. Congress and the American people about the reasons for increasing American intervention in Vietnam and the tactics the administration employed to fight the war? Vietnam consumed Johnson’s energy and his presidency. Johnson, who believed in containment and the domino theory, saw Vietnam as a test. His foreign policy advisors, many who remained from the Kennedy administration, shared his views. Johnson had been in Congress when China became Communist, and he vividly recalled the domestic political turmoil that followed as Republicans attacked Democrats for “losing” China. He would not, he said, “be the president who saw Southeast Asia go the way China went.” The war was going poorly in South Vietnam and the political situation in Saigon became uncertain as one unstable government succeeded another. Also, the 1964 Tonkin Gulf crisis was a crucial event in the war’s escalation. Out of frustration, President Johnson, acting on the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, ordered bombings of military targets in North Vietnam. This was known as Operation Rolling Thunder. President Johnson also explained that the reason for being over in Vietnam was to help South Vietnam...
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...Famous Thinkers Catalina Britton PHL458 May 12, 2014 Charles Crenshaw Famous Thinkers Bertrand Russell was a “British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, social critic and political activist (Roberts, 2013).” He also was a self proclaimed liberal, pacifist, and socialist. However, he did admit he had never been any of the previous, with any profound impact. During the 20 century, Russell was preeminent in the founding of analytic philosophy and is touted as a premier logician of his time. Russell exuded great influence over “logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, and philosophy, especially philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics(Roberts, 2013).” Among all these accomplishments, Russell was also an anti war activist who spent time in prison for his pacifism during WWI and stood against Hitler in WWII as well as criticizing totalitarianism of the Stalinist movement. He was very out spoken about the US involvement in the Vietnam War and a fierce proponent of nuclear disarmament. Russell received the Nobel Prize in Literature in the 1950’s for his significant contributions in the areas of “humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought (Roberts, 2013).” During his life time Russell was very politically active as evidenced by his 1955 Russell-Einstein Manifesto which addressed Nuclear disarmament and was signed by many of the prominent physicist and intellectuals...
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...28 August 2013 America in 1963 The year of 1963 was not only a gruesome, dark year for the U.S. but it was a pivotal point in Civil Rights Movement. I know it’s hard to believe that America was in a horrible state then it is now but it’s true. For example can you believe that segregation was a common thing back then? Matter of fact in January Governor of Alabama, George Wallace, delivered a speech that segregation was something that was needed for the nation. Shortly a couple of months after civil rights activist took to the streets to protest but that turned into one of the most horrific scenes in our nation history. They were viciously attacked by dogs and sustain by fire hoses. A few weeks after this there was a small incident at University of Alabama were two black students were not accepted in by Gov. Wallace but he was overruled by President John F. Kennedy. He also gave a speech that same night saying he was going to present a civil rights bill to the Congress. Just as things were looking for Civil Rights Movement one of their infamous and one of their major leaders, Medgar Evers, was murdered outside his Mississippi home by the KKK that same night. But on August 28, 1963 the whole world would change as we know it because on this day Martin Luther King Dr. delivered the famous “I Have A Dream” speech at the March on Washington. This is probably one of most influential speeches ever given in American History. Just as things were looking like they were about to change...
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...“A man may die, a nation may rise and fall, but an idea lives on” (John F. Kennedy quotes 1). The leader of a country has a great amount of power, and his ideas are able to influence people for years. John F. Kennedy was an intelligent, dependable, caring and principled man. He was also the 35th president of the United States. He not only concentrated on foreign relations, domestic policies, and his main focus, civil rights, but he was a role model to many politicians and private citizens. On November 22, 1963, an assassin cut Kennedy’s life short, but his legacy and his influence lived on. John F. Kennedy influenced the sixties through his actions, his politics, and the legacy left after his death. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, to a European Ambassador, Joseph Kennedy and his wife, Rose. He had eight brothers and sisters, including his brothers Robert and Ted, who both grew up to take part in politics. As a child, John, commonly known as Jack, was often ill. He suffered from Addison’s disease, which causes the body’s immune system to weaken, and he had an injured back, resulting in two, near lethal, surgeries. Despite all his ailments, Jack was a kindhearted child and “Rose described him as a ‘funny little boy’ who ‘said things in such an original, vivid way’” (Hamilton 2). He attended Harvard University, where he studied government. In 1941, John Kennedy joined the United States Navy, and by 1943, he had a torpedo boat, PT 109, under his command...
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...Movers and Shakers in America Priscilla Sanchez Grand Canyon University: EDU-576 3/26/14 Movers and Shakers in America From the virtual timeline I chose the following four people or events that have molded our educational system in America. The first individual I will describe is John Dewey: John Dewey had the most impactful influence to the growth of enlightening discerning in the twentieth century. Dewey's theoretical practicality, concern with collaboration, experience, reflection as well as interest in the community and democracy, were conveyed mutually to form an exceedingly evocative educational system. He believed that education should engross with and enlarge experience with informal education practice. He also believed in authentic education and stated that there was but one way that a child can become mindful of his social custom by empowering him to perform those essential kinds of activities which make civilization what it is. To add, he believed that schools should offer children with that base so as a result they would make significant influences to the society. Subsequently, they will have the capacity to use their mind as a prevailing instrument to help themselves and the civilization in which they reside in. Dewey’s perspective was that an old-fashioned education is to guide the youngster to play a submissive, approachable part in the instructive development. In fact all students are distinctive, full of impulsiveness and ideas. Their thoughts...
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...Matthew Johnson Professor Newsom-12:30-2:00 03/06/2014 Political Manifesto "Our vision is simple. We want an America that gives all Americans the chance to live out their dreams and achieve their God-given potential. We want an America that is still the world's strongest force for peace and freedom. And we want an America that is coming together around our enduring values, instead of drifting apart.". (DNC) This is the modern Democratic national committee platform. The democratic party has changed vastly since its creation over 2 centuries ago. In its early stages of life the democratic party's beliefs were much different than they are today,with the ebb and flow of time they have evolved alongside the people who claim democratic allegiance. For instance during the civil war, the democratic party's political platform revolved around the tension between the south and north. Democrats opposed civil rights and tolerated slavery in an attempt to conjure the votes in the devastated south.( Britannica ) Today however, through political reform of an entire parties beliefs the modern democratic party is born. Whether democrat or republican citizens of the united states have faced challenges and adversity, through this struggle we as a people can come together and create a entity that reflects our core beliefs in matters of all aspects of life. Democrats champion preservation of the environment, Economic responsibility, and affordable healthcare. "Today's Democratic Party...
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