...Creating Vlans, first determine the ports range for each vlan? If 3 vlans are to be created: >> A Switch has ports from fa0/1 to fa0/24 >> Assign port ranges to each vlan: 1. Vlan 10 has fa0/2-7 (suppose net-id is: 10.0.0.0) 2. Vlan 20 has fa0/8-12 (suppose net-id is: 20.0.0.0) 3. Vlan 30 has fa0/13-18 (suppose net-id is: 30.0.0.0) >> Reserve fa0/1 for switch-to-router connection and fa0/24 for switch-to-switch connection. Set trunk mode to both these ports early on: * Go to the switch. * Go in Enable mode and Configuration Terminal. * Write for both reserved ports the following: * Int fa0/1 * Switchport mode trunk * Exit * Int fa0/24 * Switchport mode trunk * Exit >> Now create vlan on the switch: * In switch’s config terminal * Write vlan <vlan id> in this case we have vlan 10 * Do the following: * Vlan 10 * Name HR * Vlan 20 * Name admin * Vlan 30 * Name office >> Once the vlan ids are created. It is time to set their interfaces for the port ranges we just mentioned at the top. * Inside switch’s config terminal * Write int range fa0/2-7 (in this case for vlan 10). Do the following * Int range fa0/2-7 * Switchport mode access * Switchport access vlan 10 * Exit * Int range fa0/8-12 * Switchport mode access * Switchport access vlan 20 * Exit * Int...
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...Summary In this chapter, I talked about the differences between switches and bridges and how they both work at layer 2 and create a MAC address forward/filter table in order to make decisions on whether to forward or flood a frame. I also discussed problems that can occur if you have multiple links between bridges (switches) and how to solve these problems by using the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). Finally, I covered detailed configuration of Cisco’s Catalyst switches, including verifying the configuration, setting the Cisco STP extensions, and changing the root bridge by setting a bridge priority. Exam Essentials Remember the three switch functions. Address learning, forward/filter decisions, and loop avoidance are the functions of a switch. Remember the command show mac address-table. The command show mac address-table will show you the forward/filter table used on the LAN switch. Understand the main purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol in a switched LAN. The main purpose of STP is to prevent switching loops in a network with redundant switched paths. Remember the states of STP. The purpose of the blocking state is to prevent the use of looped paths. A port in listening state prepares to forward data frames without populating the MAC address table. A port in learning state populates the MAC address table but doesn’t forward data frames. A port in forwarding state sends and receives all data frames on the bridged port. Last, a port in the disabled state is virtually ...
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...Clap switch December 18, 2010 - Basic Electronics, LDR Engineering, MINI Breadboard - Tagged: 555, clap switch - 184 comments READ ABOUT RECENTLY PUBLISHED CLAP-SWITCH CHECK “CLAP-SWITCH WITH TOGGLE FEATURE”. In order to make a clap switch, we have to combine the touch sensor(monostable mode of 555 and the transistorized dark sensor circuits. Whenever there is loud sound produced near the electret condenser mic, pin 2 of 555 gets triggered and it switches on the LED D1. The LED remains on for a definite time determined by R1 and C1. We can adjust the sensitivity of the circuit using a variable resistor in place of fixed resistor R5. You can check the circuit with 1K or 10K. - See more at: http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/#sthash.XShIrDIv.dpuf The schematic of clap switch: You can see the steps for making clap switch on the video given below. - See more at: http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/#sthash.XShIrDIv.dpuf If you want to glow a bulb operating at 220V, use the following schematic: clap switch operating 220V bulb Before you make this project, read carefully about RELAYS: http://www.buildcircuit.com/how-to-use-a-relay/ If you are not confident at making circuits, don’t work with 220V, it can be dangerous and harm you. READ ABOUT RECENTLY PUBLISHED CLAP SWITCH CHECK “CLAP SWITCH WITH TOGGLE FEATURE”. - See more at: http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/#sthash.XShIrDIv.dpuf As what i understand, this clap switch can detect false triggering...
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...error-free transport instead of fast transport. Which switching mode should be configured on the new switches to provide error-free transport to the network? A. cut-through B. fragment-free C. frame-filtering D. store-and-forward E. 802.1q forwarding F. VTP transparent mode Answer: D Explanation: The Switch receives and stores all bits in the frame before forwarding the frame. This allows switch to check the FCS before forwarding the frame. FCS is Ethernet Trailer. Incorrect answers: A. The Switch performs the address table lookup as soon as the destination address field in the header is received. The first bits in the frame can be sent out to out port before the final bits in the incoming frame are received. This does not allow the switch to discard frames that fail the FCS check. B. This is also same as A. But Switch waits 64 bytes to be received before forwarding the first bytes of the outgoing frame. Collisions may occur during first 64 bytes of the frame. Frames in error due to collision will not be forwarded. The FCS still cannot be checked. C,E,F : They are not related to Switch mode transport. QUESTION NO: 107 Which protocol admin overhead in a switch network by allowing the configuring of a new VLAN to be distributed to all the switches in a domain? A. STP B. VTP C. GVRP D. SNMP E. DHCP Answer: B Explanation : Sybex CCNA Study Guide 4th Edition (Page 359) ” The basic goals of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) are to manage all configured VLANs across...
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...Assignment #4- Bait and Switch By: Charlene Allen LEG5000: Law, Ethics & Corp. Governance Jamie Davis Smith August 21, 2011 The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was created in 1914. Its purpose was to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce. Over the years, Congress passed additional laws giving the agency greater authority to police anticompetitive practices. In 1938, Congress passed a broad prohibition against unfair and deceptive acts or practices. Since then, the Commission also has been directed to administer a wide variety of other consumer protection laws, including the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the Pay-Per-Call Rule and the Equal Credit. The FTC pursues vigorous and effective law enforcement; advances consumers’ interests by sharing its expertise with federal and state legislatures and U.S. and international government agencies; develops policy and research tools through hearings, workshops, and conferences; and creates practical and plain-language educational programs for consumers and businesses in a global marketplace with constantly changing technologies. Bait and switch advertising is a violation of consumer laws. It is a type of fraudulent business practice where one party, such as a manufacturer or business, will offer the "bait". This could be a product that is advertised at a very low cost and is designed to lure in a customer. Once the customer is attracted, the manufacturer will pull the "switch". The proposed product will no longer...
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...production networks as well! After all, if we have the wrong cable, we don't have a network! This is particularly true of the following scenario, where we have: * A laptop connected to a switch (Cable 3) * Two switches connected to each other (Cable 2) * A PC connected to a switch (Cable 1) This is a very basic and common topology, but we've got three different cable types in there! Working from top to bottom, let's take a look at the different cables we'll need to make this work. To pass the Cisco CCENT and CCNA certification exams, you have to know what cable type is appropriate for a given situation. It's also a good idea to know this for working in real-world production networks as well! After all, if we have the wrong cable, we don't have a network! This is particularly true of the following scenario, where we have: * A laptop connected to a switch (Cable 3) * Two switches connected to each other (Cable 2) * A PC connected to a switch (Cable 1) This is a very basic and common topology, but we've got three different cable types in there! Working from top to bottom, let's take a look at the different cables we'll need to make this work. For Cable 1, we need a straightthrough cable. A straightthrough cable is used to connect a PC to a switch or hub. In a straightthrough cable, the wire connected to Pin 1 on one side is connected to Pin 1 on the other, the wire connected to Pin 2 on one side is connected to Pin 2 on the other, and...
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...complete feedhorn and Low Noise Block B. Antenna (IDU) 1. ExcelFlex, 16E1, Ethernet, -48VDC 1+0 SOFTWARE DEFINED IDU for 5000.00 will be bought from http://www.winncom.com/en/products/IDUAXE1A11A000 2. The hook up will connect the satellite to the router switch as it sends digital data to provide internet access the IDU will be in the closet room of the Warehouse and 1st floor of the main building. II. Headquarter and Warehouse (Internal) A. Warehouse 1. Router a. Cisco ASA5505-BUN-K9 ASA 5505 which I found from amazon.com for $269. b. The device will protect the network and will serve as the router for the business office and warehouse. We can make sure to have a laptop in to make sure the device is up to date. 2. Switch and Wireless Access Point a. Cisco Catalyst WS-C2960S-24TS-S 24-port 10/100/1000 switch will be our switch also found on amazon.com for 771.90 b. The Switch will be used to distribute the data to our wireless access points in the building via Ethernet. c. Cisco Wap371 IEEE 802.11Ac 1.27 Gbps Wireless Access Point - Ism Band - Unii Band for 300.63 on Amazon.com d. It will be our wireless access points that will be distributed at least in all the rooms unless they are the computer rooms. We want to make sure that everyone gets the same access no matter where they are at. 3. Server a. PowerEdge T320 Tower Server from Dell for 1,629.00. b. These Server would be in the Warehouse and on floor 10 for the Supervisors and Managers respectively. The...
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...BRAND SWITCHING INTRODUCTION Sometimes known as brand jumping, brand switching is the process of choosing to switch from routine use of one product or brand to steady usage of a different but similar product. Much of the advertising process is aimed at encouraging brand switching among consumers, thus helping to grow market share for a given brand or set of brands. Brand loyalty is when consumers become committed to your brand and make repeat purchases over time. It is a result of consumer behavior and is affected by a person's preferences. Loyal customers will consistently purchase products from their preferred brands, regardless of convenience or price. Companies will often use different marketing strategies to cultivate loyal customers, be it is through loyalty programs (i.e. rewards programs) or trials and incentives (ex. samples and free gifts). | | Convincing consumers to switch brands is sometimes a difficult task. It is not unusual for customers to build up a great deal of brand loyalty due to such factors as quality, price, and availability. To encourage switching brands, advertisers will often target these three areas as part of the strategy of encouraging brand switching.Price is often an important factor to consumers who are tight budgets. For this reason, advertisers will often use a price comparison model to entice long time users of one brand to try a new one. The idea is to convince the end user that it is possible to purchase the same amount of product...
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...Lab L - Initializing and Re g eloading a Rout and S g ter Switch (Instructo or Version) V Instructor No Red font color or Gray highlights ind ote: y dicate text tha appears in the instructor copy only. at Topology T Objectives O Part 1: Se Up Device in the Netw et es work as Show in the To wn opology Part 2: Initialize the Router and Reload R Part 3: Initialize the Switch and Reload S Backgroun / Scenar B nd rio Before sta arting a CCNA hands-on la that makes use of either a Cisco rout or switch, ensure that t A ab s ter the devices in use have be erased an have no st n een nd tartup configu urations prese Otherwise the results of your ent. e, lab may b unpredictab This lab p be ble. provides a de etail procedure for initializin and reload e ng ding a Cisco ro outer and a Cisco sw witch. Note: The routers used with CCNA hands-on lab are Cisco 1 e d bs 1941 Integrate Services R ed Routers (ISRs with s) Cisco IOS Release 15. S .2(4)M3 (univ versalk9 image). The switches used are Cisco Cataly 2960s with Cisco yst h IOS Relea 15.0(2) (lanbasek9 ima ase age). Other ro outers, switch hes, and Cisc IOS version can be use co ns ed. Depending on the mod and Cisco IOS version, the comman available a output pr del nds and roduced migh vary ht from what is shown in the labs. t t Required R R Resources • • • • 1 Rou (Cisco 19 with Cisco IOS softwar Release 15.2(4)M3 universal image or comparab uter 941 o re, ble) 1 Switch (Cisco 29 with Cisco IOS Release 15.0(2) lanb 960 o basek9...
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...ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS – K Hinds Circuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams which show how a circuit is connected together. The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram. To build a circuit you need a different diagram showing the layout of the parts on stripboard or printed circuit board. Wires and connections Component Circuit Symbol Wire Function of Component To pass current very easily from one part of a circuit to another. A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are connected (joined), but it is sometimes omitted. Wires connected at 'crossroads' should be staggered slightly to form two Tjunctions, as shown on the right. In complex diagrams it is often necessary to draw wires crossing even though they are not connected. I prefer the 'bridge' symbol shown on the right because the simple crossing on the left may be misread as a join where you have forgotten to add a 'blob'! Wires joined Wires not joined Power Supplies Component Cell Circuit Symbol Function of Component Supplies electrical energy. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+). A single cell is often called a battery, but strictly a battery is two or more cells joined together. Battery DC supply AC supply Fuse Transformer Earth (Ground) Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more than one cell. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+). Supplies electrical energy. DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one direction...
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...Enable routing on the switch by using the ip routing command. Even if IP routing was previously enabled, this step ensures that it is activated. 2. Make note of the VLANs that you want to route between. In this example, you want to route traffic between VLANs 2, 3 and 10 3. Use the show vlan command to verify that the VLANs exist in the VLAN database. If they do not exist, add them on the switch. This is an example of adding VLANs 2, 3, and 10 to the switch VLAN database 4. Determine the IP addresses you want to assign to the VLAN interface on the switch. For the switch to be able to route between the VLANs, the VLAN interfaces must be configured with an IP address. When the switch receives a packet destined for another subnet/VLAN, the switch looks at the routing table to determine where to forward the packet. The packet is then passed to the VLAN interface of the destination. It is in turn sent to the port where the end device is attached. 5. Configure the VLAN interfaces with the IP address identified in step 4. Switch#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#interface Vlan2 Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shutdown 6. Configure the interface to the default router. In this scenario you have a Layer 3 FastEthernet port. Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1 Switch(config-if)#no switchport ...
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...ASSIGNMENT #4 - “BAIT AND SWITCH” LEGAL 500 Betty drove three hours in one-hundred degree heat. Explain if this fact has any bearing on whether or not the dealer must perform in accordance with the published advertisement. The bias of advertising has existed as long as advertising has. Advertising is the art of applying bias to sell. It is the designed to make something attractive, to make something desired, or needed through the act of creating simple psychological games. The creation of fallacies to stimulate a sense of need is the very foundation of advertising. The pseudo logical appeal to emotion presented in such ads stimulates us to buy things like soft drinks, of which none admit to their product as being merely carbonated sugar water, in doing so they create an image, an image we are told is an ideal. (Cline 1) Under law, bait and switch advertising is considered illegal if the seller has no "intent or want to sell" the advertised item. The fact of the matter is, though, that proving such a bait and switch practice can be fairly difficult, as there must be clear proof that there has been an intention to defraud by the seller. That is not to say, however, that such fraud cannot be caught. Bait and switch advertising occurs when a particular item is priced so low that consumers are lured into the store to buy it. This is known as the bait. Once the customer tries to buy the advertised item, they are told that it is sold or they are discouraged from buying it by the...
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...Receiver- captures signal from wireless micssoundboard Amplifiers- powers the speakers Speakers- reproduce sound from mics at much higher volume Turning the system ON: 1. Make sure you have the required components for what you are doing 2. Turn on Soundboard (red switch on surge protector behind soundboard) 3. Turn on Amps (located on stage behind Keyboard, switch is on the top in the rack) 4. Make sure Master fader is up (normally around 0) 5. Make sure channel faders are up The Soundboard On/off switch – must be switched ON BEFORE AMPS Channel – controls all sound for one microphone/CD Gain switch – adjusts amount of signal from microphone into the board EQ – adjusts tone of microphone sound FX/Monitor/AUX– sends (“routes”) sound to different locations Mute – shuts off sound of microphone PFL button – isolates microphone for meter Channel fader – adjusts microphone Channel Assignment – routes to MASTER fader MASTER fader – controls main speaker volume; Meters – monitors levels of PFL/MASTER (keep green!) Troubleshooting What if there is no sound? 1 check to make sure soundboard is on, then if rack On/off is pressed ON 2 Microphone switch on? 3 Be sure microphone jack # (front of stage) = board channel # (white label) 4 Gain switch up at all? 5 Channel...
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...the Network and Verify the Default Switch Configuration Why must you use a console connection to initially configure the switch? Why is it not possible to connect to the switch via Telnet or SSH? Because the initial configuration must be made using console port for the first time, it is the only way to activate all port and protocols requires to enable SSH. Step 2 b: Verify the default switch configuration. How many FastEthernet interfaces does a 2960 switch have? 24 FastEthernet Ports How many Gigabit Ethernet interfaces does a 2960 switch have? 2 GigabitsEthernet Ports What is the range of values shown for the vty lines? Line vty 5 to 15 Step 2 c: Examine the startup configuration file in NVRAM Why does this message appear? Because there is not saved configuration. Step 2 d: Examine the characteristics of the SVI for VLAN 1. Is there an IP address assigned to VLAN 1? No What is the MAC address of this SVI? 0022.569b.4540 Is this interface up? Vlan1 is up, line protocol is down Step 2 e: Examine the IP properties of the SVI VLAN 1. What output do you see? Internet protocol processing disabled Step 2 f: Connect PC-A Ethernet cable to port 24 on the switch and examine the IP properties of the SVI VLAN 1. What output do you see? Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up / Internet protocol processing disabled Step 2 g: Examine the Cisco IOS version information of the switch. What is the Cisco IOS version that the switch is running? Version 12.2(35)SE5 What...
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...given” scenario . but it isn’t !There is a serious mismatch between what we aspire and what we get . Seems bit obvious ? Well yes certainly a mundane thought . But what keeps me gasping is a thought which is a step ahead of this basic 'Threshold' paradox , which is Does the threshold belongs to all individual separately ? I mean are our abilities and reach predefined ? Are the motivational lines ‘work hard you will get it ‘,keep aspiring big , dream king size and blah blah any close to being real or in this case natural ? Is the belief of believing in ‘believe’ a myth ? Aint we come wired just like a chip with specification sheet defining our reach ? That is, a singer is always born with a “euphony” switch and a dancer with “ rhythmically move your butt “ switch . which makes all these guys with special abilities have their respective “shiny”...
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