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Make or Buy

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4.9. YAP-SATIN AL KARARLARI
Yap satın-al kararları temel olarak bir bileşenin fabrikada üretilecek mi yoksa satın mı alınacak sorusuna karar verilmesi sürecidir. Bu nedenle maliyetlere doğrudan etkide bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca işletmenin pazardaki gücü, müşteri ilişkileri, üretim gücü gibi çok önemli konulara etki etmektedir. 4.9.1 Yap – Satın Al Kararlarında Uygulanan Kriterler Karar verilecek bileşenin nihai ürüne kalite bakımından etkisi Karar verilecek bileşenin üretim miktarı Yap kararı verildiği takdirde katlanılacak olan yatırım maliyeti Satın alma maliyeti Tedarikçi sayısı ve ortamı Yukarıdaki kriterler önem sırasına göre yukarıdan aşağıya sıralanmıştır.
4.9.2. Çelik boru bileşenlerBahçe salıcağında yer alan çelik boru bileşenlerin yukarıda saydığımız kriterlere göz önüne alındığında üretilmesi kararlaştırılmıştır. Ham profil çelik borulara uygulanacak olan işlemler direk nihai ürün kalitesini etkilemektedir. Yukarıda da belirtildiği gibi hammadde olarak alınacak olan dikişsiz çekme çelik borular kesme, bükme, presleme, kaynak, boyama, fırınlama işlemlerinin bazılarına ya da hepsine tabi tutularak bileşenler üretilecektir. Bu işlemlerde meydana gelebilecek hatalar nihai ürünün kalitesini doğrudan etkileyecektir. Ayrıca bu bileşenler ürünün en çok görülen elemanları olduğu için salıncağa direk kimliğini vermektedir. Boru bileşenlerinin üretim miktarı gayet fazla olduğu için üretmek, satın almaktan daha avantajlıdır. Katlanılacak olan yatırım maliyeti basitçe techizat ve işgücü maliyeti olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Proje grubu katlanılacak olan yatırım maliyetini kalite maliyetinden daha az olduğunu düşündüğü için çelik boru bileşenlerin üretilmesi en doğru karardır. Bu karar verme aşamasında sezgisel karar verme yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

4.9.3. Tekstil grubu
Tekstil grubunda yer alan kumaş ve süngerin ham halde satın alınması kararlaştırılmıştır. Kumaşın rulo halde tedarik edilip kesim ve dikim işlemlerine tabi tutulması uygundur. Kumaş salıncak tentesinde ve oturma ve yaslanma süngerlerini kaplamak amacıyla kullanılacaktır. Kumaşın ilk bakışta bahçe salıncağı için önemli olmadığı savunulabilir. Fakat kumaşın kesiminin ve dikişinin düzgün olması ürün görselliğini ve kalitesini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu yüzden kumaşın rulo halde alınıp tesis içinde işlemlere tabi tutulması kararlaştırılmıştır. Süngerin kesilmesi tedarikçi tarafından yapılacaktır. Sünger kesme makinesi yaklaşık 17.000 TL'dir. Yapılan internet araştırması sonucunda tedarikçilerin istenilen boyutta sünger kesimi yaptıkları saptanmıştır. Bu sayede işletme sünger kesimi işinden tasaruf sağlayacaktır.

4.9.4.Çengel
Çengel ana gövde ile salıncak iskeletinin bağlantısını yapacak olan çengel taşıma görevi yapacağı için profilden farklı bir hammaddeden yapılmalıdır. Bir salıncak için 2 parça çengel gerekmektedir. Üretileceği takdirde üretim miktarı düşük olacaktır. Çengelin üretiminin profil üretiminden farklı bir teknoloji gerektirmesi ve çengeli tedarik edebileceğimiz çok sayıda tedarikçi bulunması dolayısıyla, çengelin satın alınması kararlaştırılmıştır.

4.9.5. Plastik Ayaklar ve diğer plastik parçalar
Plastik ayakların üretilmesi için enjeksiyon makinesine ihtiyaç vardır. Bir bahçe salıncağı için 4 adet plastik ayak ve civata sayısı kadar civata kapağı gerekmektedir. Şayet yap kararı verilirse günlük 27-28 parça (takt süresi X ayak sayısı) plastik ayak ve 100 parça civarı da Cıvata ve vida kapağı üretilmektedir. Plastik enjeksiyon makinesi 30.000 – 100.000 TL bandında değişmektedir. Yatırım maliyetinin bu kadar yüksek olması ve üretim miktarının az olması mali açıdan satın alma seçeneğini güçlü kılmaktadır. Ayrıca tedarikçi sayısının fazla olması ve demir profil üretiminden farklı bir teknoloji ve tecrübe gerektirmeside bu seçimde etkili olmuştur.

4.9.6. Vida ve Civatalar
Vida ve civatalar bahçe salıncağında sadece bağlantı elemanı olarak kullanıldıkları için tedarikçilerden alınacaklardır. Aynı zamanda salıncak için gereken Cıvata ve vida sayısının da az olması bu kararı desteklemektedir.

4.9.7. Ayarlanabilir Tente Parçası
Ayarlanabilir tente parçası tamamen değişik bir teknoloji ile imal edilmektedir. Üretimi için CNC tezgahı gerektirmektedir. Ayrıca farklı bir işgücü tecrübesi gerektirmektedir. Bir bahçe salıncağı için 2 parça ayarlanabilir tente parçası gerekmektedir. Bu durumda eğer yap kararı günlük 13-14 parça üretim yapılması gerekmektedir. Yatırım maliyetinin yüksek olması ve tedarikçi sayısının fazla olması satın al kararı verilmesini gerektirmiştir.

4.9.8. Eğilmiş Metal Levha
Eğilmiş metal levha, üst körüye kaynak yapılmış yan dikey parça ile ön bacağın vida ile tutturulmasını sağlayan parçadır. 80 mm saçtan yapılması yeterlidir. (Kaynak: Engin Metal) Böyle bir parçanın üretilmesi için saç alınması ve kesilmesi gerekmetedir. Bunun için saç makası gerekmekte ve ekstra bir stok maliyeti doğurmaktadır. Ayrıca çok küçük miktarlarda saç kesileceği için yatırım maliyeti haddini aşmaktadır. Bununla ilgili olarak 2011 CNR Expo Üretim Teknolojileri fuarına gidilmiş ve burada uygun ölçülerde ve şekillerde saç parça üreten tedarikçiler olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu durumdan ötürü eğilmiş metal levha için satın al kararı verilmiştir.

4.9.10. Oturma ve Yaslanma Kısmı Izgaraları
Oturma ve yaslanma kısmındaki ızgaralar yukarıda bahsedilen eğilmiş metal levhadaki gibi saçtan üretilmektedir. Fakat üretim aşamaları eğilmiş metal levhadan daha karışıktır. Profil boru üretimi ile ortak pek az yanı olmakla birlikte, Türkiye'de pek çok tedarikçisi olduğu göz önüne alındığında, yatırım maliyetlerinin yüksek olduğu varsayıldığında bu ızgaraların metrekare bazında satın alınması kararlaştırılmıştır.

4.9.11. Üst Metal Tutacak
Üst metal tutacak çengel ile ana gövdenin bağlantısını sağlayan önemli bir parçadır. Profil borudan farklı bir hammadde ile üretilmiş olan (daha dayanıklı) metal çubukların bükülmesi ile üretilmektedir. Profil boru bükmek için kullanılan bükme makinelerinin bu metal çubukları da bükebildiği saptanmıştır. Dolaylı yolla bu çubuğun üretilmesi olanaklı kılındığı için üst metal tutacak için yap kararı alınmıştır.

Aşağıdaki tablo yukarıdaki kararların bir özetidir.

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