...To Be or Not to Be: The Male Body Image In his article, “The Man Behind the Mask: Male Body Image Dissatisfaction,” Steven Gregor states that in the past, body image was thought to be a concern that affected only females resulting in negative consequences on their psychological welfare. For a long time, due to body image dissatisfaction, women have suffered from illnesses such as eating disorders and depression. Until recently, men weren’t believed to have concerns with body image dissatisfaction. However, research shows that not only is body image a growing concern for men, but it affects a larger number of males than previously thought. Throughout history men were seen in society as being strong through security and being defined by their jobs. This no longer holds true for males today. With men and women being nearly equal in the job market today, men feel that to distinguish themselves from women they need to exhibit their strength through physical strength. Men’s body image dissatisfaction has greatly increased over the past 25 years, and like women, it is having a negative effect on their psychological welfare. Cosmetic and grooming productions were at one time thought to be more of a female based industry. In today’s society along with the help of the media, we are seeing a rise in the production of cosmetic and grooming among males. As with the ideal female body image, the media supports what it sees as the ideal male body. Women want to lose their wait to...
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...use of unrealistic body image? B. Importance of Ethical Issue The media and advertisers often use physical attractiveness and sexuality in an effort to sell their products, service, etc. Through media, companies have a more convenient way of reaching an audience but they do not have any control on how would people interpret the message that they are sending. Media has an overpowering effect on the way people see themselves and their body. It has created the way people see an ideal physical appearance, which emphasises the shape and size of a man and/or woman (Diedrichs, Lewis-Smith & Paraskeva 2015). There was a study conducted by Australian Institute of Family Studies which surveyed 4,000 children. The study found out that more than half of the children from ages 8 to 11 years old wanted a slimmer body rather than an average one (Wilson 2014). There was also a study done by the King’s college London and Harvard, suggests that some children develop early body dissatisfaction due to the pressure received from media, family and peers (Fleig 2015). Another survey conducted by the Today Show and AOL.com discovered that 80% of teen girls compare themselves to celebrities and say that the images that they see make them feel displeased with their body (Common Sense Media 2015). This is alarming because children as young as 8 years old should not have to worry about how pleasing their body looks. Media exposure affects how children perceive their bodies and they can carry these...
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...problem. The problem that is chosen must be the problem that motivates the researcher to address it and support in many perspectives. The good problem statement also can be developing by choosing the topic research which is researchable. This is to make sure that the researcher will not find in the midst of investigating a complex research project. The researcher also should choose a right research topic to make sure that research problems can be the supported by the resources available. 2. Problem statement Body dissatisfaction is the top ranked issue of concern for young people (Mission Australia, 2011). Over the last 30 years, body image issues have rose worldwide and this matters did not only pertain young people but affect people of all ages. This spreading problem is concerning because this issue assign too high value to body image in defining ones self-worth. People who experiencing body dissatisfaction can become obsessively on trying to change their body shape. These practices which don’t usually achieve the desired outcome physically or emotionally, can develop the extreme feelings of disappointment, shame and guilt and, ultimately, increase the...
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...Prof. Brown Engl. 101 Research Paper False Image, Real Effect Advertisements do not always present the truth but people can still choose to accept it as truth. Advertisers have always stretched the truth in order to sell a product. Advertisements present everything as an extravagant, over the top, perfect for all, necessity. Throughout time, new techniques for advertisements have developed. Because of technological advancements there are more ways to advertise as well. Before, news and anything good would have been spread through word of mouth. Now, there are voices coming through radio stations telling people what they want and need. Advertisement pictures and videos are constantly being played on the television screens, cellphones and almost any other electronic gadget. Advertisers still manage to stretch the truth, now in more creative ways. Advertisements, especially print, are photo-enhancing and distorting images to create a false image. Photographs of human beings, taken to help sell a product, are now being altered and becoming the product. There are many studies that have been conducted on the effects of these altered images, however a majority of these studies revolve around the female body. Targeting men with other men on advertisements is something that has spread widely and effected men's body image. Advertisements give a false image of how men and women should look; these advertisements need to reduce or label the level of retouching or possibly stop retouching...
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...understand of each must be known. Media Imaging is defined as images created by media; for example the media creates an image for women to look flawless and skinny. Theses images that the media creates has an affect on people who look at these images, as these images made by media carry message through them. These media images can can a positive message that foster a high self esteem, positive body image, healthy eating, a relationship with God, encouraging words, and even a reason laugh. Likewise, media images can can carry a negative message to individuals as well, such a negative body image, mindless consumerism, lust, hatred towards others cultures, negative stereotyping, and bad eating habits. Gender is defined as the sense of self, as identity, and sexuality is defined as the biological distinctions determined by our genitals. How on earth is one topic affected by the other topic? It is simply, and a great concern to this society; likewise, to me. Media imagining has a great affect on a specific sex, females. Media imaging has brought death to the sex of women through negative messages of an unrealistic body image of how a women of this generation should look. Young teen girls look at media images and strive to be skinny, and perfect without a flaw; however, these images are not realistic because technology contributes to editing the flaws of the models portrayed in these mages. Furthermore, these images push young teen girls and young women to an eating disorder which...
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...disorders such as the mass media, family, stress (sense of identity), community (peers/school), and negative body image (which links to mass media). It is important to know these contributions to eating disorders because, the more one knows about the various factors for an eating disorder, the easier it will become to treat these disorders (help one suffering with an eating disorder cope and become healthier.) Throughout the 21st century, eating disorders have become more common among North American teens. With a higher percentage rate of eating disorders in the 21st century, (Sneddon, 1999, p.35) it shows it is an area that should have greater focus. Not only does it have a negative impact on the individual who is battling it, it has a negative impact on society; an impact that could destroy our society – mentally if we (as a community/society) do not help or treat this in the way it should be. An eating disorder can tear apart someone’s morals, eat at their brain – which means with it becoming more common amongst North American teens, the society will suffer in the long run; therefore it is an area that should be focussed on more so we can save our society for the future. Literature Review Eating Disorders Influenced By Mass Media * General idea of mass media: Television, advertisements, magazines, movies, etc * “Messages from the outside can influence body image/the way...
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...Literature of MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON BODY IMAGE and its AFFECTS Introduction Body image is a central part of mental and physical well-being, and because the mass media are pervasive communicators of social standards, they greatly influence people’s perception by setting unrealistic standards for what is “normal” for body weight and appearance. Thus, reinforcing people to emulate and believe what they see and hear. There is an extensive amount of studies on the effects of media exposure on body dissatisfaction and the experience of negative thoughts and esteem about one’s body, which is linked to a range of physical and mental health problems, including eating disorders and low self-esteem. Body Image: Self-Esteem and Identity Several individual variables predict or influence the relationship between media exposure and body disturbances. Most of the research has been done with women and girls, for whom the “body perfect” ideal is ultra-thin, and whose media models are typically underweight (Tantleff-Dunn, 1999). To determine whether viewing images of thin models influences how women feel about their bodies, there were many studies done using the social comparison framework, finding that women engage in “upward social comparisons,” comparing themselves to the thin models depicted in the media. When women believe that they do not measure up to the models, they feel more negatively about their own weight and body. For example, Lin and Kulik (2006)...
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...Phenomenon of risky behavior: NSSI •Health behavior models and theories for understanding risky behavior Human behavior is complex and describing and predicting it continues to be a challenge in social science. Social influence, such as drugs, family, peers, media, has a great impact on development of negative behavior that would require intervention or prevention to make changes in health and behavioral habits by examining the behaviors of findings based on current research and theories /models of behavioral change. Per Heilbron et al. (2008) many current research focused on prevalent and risky group of self –harm behaviors that are growing mostly due to social, peer influence engaging in NSSI. Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of prevalent health behavior risks in pre-adolescence and adolescence, and many fields have offered theories and models that can be important applications for research on peer influence and change of behavior in NSSI groups for behavioral change (Heilbron et al. 2008). Behavioral theories of peer influence are one application to determine NSSI based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT, originally social learning theory) (Ragin, 2011). Social cognitive theory (SCT) is the psychological model of behavior developed by the work of Albert Bandura (1977; 1986). SCT (Ragin (2011) suggests that cognitive processes are serious to the acquisition and regulation of behaviors, and individuals learn through modeling, direct operant reinforcement with methods...
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...Running Head: ADOLESCENTS IMAGE OF SELF Parental Influence of Adolescent Image of Self Liberty University David W. Appleby, PHD, PHD May 2012 Abstract: Of the many different relationships people form over the course of life, the relationship between parent and child is among the most important. The quality of the parent-child relationship is affected by the parent's age, experience, and self-confidence. It can also be affected by the stability of the parents' marriage; and the unique characteristics of the child compared with those of the parent (Lian and Yusooff, 2009.) The parent-child relationship consists of a combination of behaviors, feelings, and expectations that are unique to a particular parent and a particular child. Wounded children - those who have experienced maltreatment, loss, and disrupted attachments - are often defiant, angry, biologically disorganized, and afraid to trust and love. (Academic Press, 2000) This paper will show how the relationship between a child and a parent affects body image and self-esteem. Important words to know: Self-image, Self-esteem, Body-image, Autonomy, Puberty, and Myelination. Adolescents deal with numerous issues while going through physical and psychological changes. This paper will focus on is an adolescent’s view of self, which includes self-esteem and body-image. Adolescents are no longer looked upon as children, but cannot yet be considered adults (Feldman, 2011.) Self-image is defined by Wikipedia as,” the...
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...Media Effects of Women’s Body Image This paper aimed at to help 15-30 years old women to build a healthy and positive attitude toward their body image. The research question that I raised is how do TV advertisements and fashion magazine affect 15-30 years old women to build their self-esteem and body image view in the U.S.? More specifically, I will examine the various aspects of negative effects that the television and fashion magazines bring to the 15-30 years old women. I proposed that the negative effects that television and fashion magazines bring to young women is more serious than people expected. I do intend to cite the relatively few statistic data and clinical studies that have been conducted on media’s negative effects on women’s body image. My audience will be the 15-30 years old women who do not aware enough of the problem that I describe or who was struggled by the problem that I describe for a long time. Nowadays, a woman’s identity is linked strongly to her physical appearance. In this situation, coverage of women in media mostly concerns women’s appearance and set them as sexual objects. Most social commentators agree that the media reflects current social norms (Grogan, 1999). Body image is the picture of the size, shape, and form of people’s bodies that people see in their mind’s eye (Honigman & Castle, 2007). It is also central to the self-concept and to self-esteem, influencing psychological functions and diverse behaviors (Cash & Pruzinsky...
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...Determining risk factors, consequences, and protective measures of Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders Determining risk factors, consequences, and protective measures of Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders Body image is an individual’s perception of his or her own body in terms of sexual attractiveness. Human society has emphasized on beauty of the human body for a long time. However, an individual’s perception of their own body may differ from society’s standards, thus, causing body dissatisfaction. As a response to body dissatisfaction, every year, millions of people in the world succumb to potentially life threatening eating disorders. Eating disorders are a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve excessive or insufficient food consumption, thus, affecting an individual’s physical and psychological health. Some common types of eating disorders include bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, binge eating, and obesity. This paper has explored six published articles that conducted research on various factors contributing to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The articles have examined the influence of society and media, gender and ethnic differences, development of depression, and some protective measures for body dissatisfaction and the development of eating disorders. ...
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...and womens body image Its been argued that the western culture is a culture so consumed by image that those with fame give praise for being thin and disapproval for being fat, birthing a generation of women and girls that are often extremely self conscious about their appearance and body image. Media images of the unattainable thin body can be found almost anywhere. There has been continual interest in women’s body image throughout the years. Is there truth in the fact that women’s self-esteem and eating patterns are affected by what a woman sees in the media? Have this been researched enough to show the link between poor body image and the media’s portrayal of women and could this research allow for successful interventions to be evaluated and implemented. Could and intervention lead to fewer cases of anorexia and bulimia and could this lead to increased self-esteem and a more positive body image amongst women? The question many people want to know is if this is the case, where did these stereotypes come from exactly? Is it from the movie, television industry, fashion and beauty magazinesor is it from social and cultural influences , or maybe its just something we learn naturally. Does it really affect women and adolescent females selfworth, or does it go beyond that, leading to serious medical conditions? This paper explores the different factors that influences women body image and if the media is soley responsible for how adolescents and women view their body. Some arguments...
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...Images of the unobtainable thin body can be seen anywhere. The media has many different outlets; television, movies, magazines billboards, and the internet. I myself can attest to watching television and thinking why isn’t my body like that. I know what it feels like to not feel beautiful because the image of beauty that the media portrays is the complete opposite of myself. The media portrays tall and thin as the “ideal” image of beauty. The National Eating Disorder Association (2012) reports that the media and its portrayal of beauty is acknowledged as one of the factors contributing to the rise of eating disorders. In our culture, the media portrays tall and thin as the ideal image of beauty. Magazines, television , movies, commercials, and more portray attractive women as being extremely thin. It is nearly impossible to escape the influence of the media and children today are being exposed to these portrayals earlier and earlier in life. Since we have immediate access to all sorts of media, could the constant reminder of the “ideal” body type cause a negative body image and low self-esteem? Body image as defined by Dina L.G. Borzekowski and Angela M. Bayer is “the internal representation of one's own outer appearance which reflects physical and perceptual dimensions.”(Borzekowski & Bayer, 2005) They also state that body image is closely related to self-esteem and self-concept. During one’s juvenile years, poor body image is especially harmful, because all of the rapid...
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...Thesis: Although accepting more normal body types has become a recent trend, mass media continues to create negative effects on American body image by escalating body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and excessive preoccupation with appearance. Body Dissatisfaction T: The thin-ideal portrayed as beautiful is unattainable and by comparing, women experience discontent with their body size and shape ranging in degrees of seriousness. a. College-age women who viewed models had lower body self-esteem (source 2 P 5) b. Even when people know its not real, they still compare and feel inferior (source 1 P10, source 6 P 3) c. Women with bigger self esteem are less effected by the images, while those with low self-esteem and body disturbance compare themselves more. (source 3) (source 1 P 7 moderators) a. With American women larger than ever, more extreme measures have to be taken to reach the thin ideal, which is smaller than ever. (Source 1 P 2) b. Discrepancies in comparison lead to unpleasant emotions which lead to the misuse and abuse of food. (Source 1 P6) c. Models have collapsed because of eating disorders and health inquiries have begun and measures taken (Source 1 P 2) C: Health is threatened and self-esteem plummets when body hatred encouraged by media images drives a person to abnormal eating behaviors. (source 4) Excessive Preoccupation with Appearance T: Dieting and exercising and a desire to lose weight is considered normal for American...
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...ukessays.com http://www.ukessays.com/essays/nursing/case-study-of-a-functional-health-pattern-assessment-nursing-essay.php Case Study Of A Functional Health Pattern Assessment Nursing Essay The following Functional Health Pattern assessment is based on a 65 year old Scottish woman who lives independently with her husband in their home at Happy Valley. The purpose of the interview was explained in addition to an outline of the types of questions which would be asked during the interview. A copy of the interview questions were provided prior to the interview (Appendix 1) so the questions would be familiar, and to minimise any embarrassment. The importance of maintaining her privacy and the necessity of choosing a pseudonym was discussed which she perceived as great fun. She chose ‘Patricia’ as she thought it was rather a ‘posh’ sounding name and one which she had always liked. At the beginning of the interview the confidentiality aspects were reiterated to which Patricia indicated verbal permission for her information to be disclosed as applicable and appropriate with due regard to her ethical and legal rights (ANMC 2008, p.4). Patricia was advised any questions which she did not feel happy answering could be skipped in order for her to feel comfortable within the interview environment. That said however, Patricia stated she was happy to discuss anything and was keen to progress the interview. Health perception/health management pattern An outline of the client’s perceived...
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