...Throughout history, a majority of male adolescence have always been obsessed with experimenting with drugs and alcohol. Recently the number of males that engage in this activity has increased. This fact leads some to believe that the use of drugs and alcohol can inhibit psychological maturity and growth. A study to see whether this statement is true was conducted quite recently. Researchers already knew that the use marijuana can cause poor decision making and make some people have permanent dopamine level control problems. Researchers also knew that the level of maturity can depend on how adolescence deal with everyday problems. When anybody deals with their problems by avoiding them with drugs, the problem itself is never solved. The participants in the study were over 1100 male juvenile delinquents ranging in ages from 14 to 17. The study was done by interviewing the teens with a series of questions and situations. When a teen would answer a question with an inappropriate mindset, for example showing true feelings of wanting to give up on a project or wanting to get in fight when angry, the answers would curve the results to a negative maturity level. There was a based maturity level set in the form of a graph ranging from -.04 up to .08. In each graph the levels of maturity decreased with the use of both marijuana and alcohol. The steadiest incline of maturity decrease was the later onset of drug use in adolescence. The results of the study clearly showed that...
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...Annotated Bibliography CJA/374 January 2, 2013 Lisa Patrick Annotated Bibliography Teilmann, K. S., & Landry Jr, P. H. (1981). Gender bias in juvenile justice. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 18(1), 47-80. In this article of gender bias in juvenile justice the authors talk about discrimination against females in the justice system. It also talks about female status offenders and how they are treated worse than their male counterparts. This article uses data from six sites in the United States to determine if females are really treated worse than males. The results from this study shows bias against female offenders for some offenses and against boys for others. There is no consistency across the country that shows that these patterns hold true in every jurisdiction. Johnson, David R., and Laurie K. Scheuble. "GENDER BIAS IN THE DISPOSITION OF JUVENILE COURT REFERRALS: THE EFFECTS OF TIME AND LOCATION*." Criminology 29.4 (1991): 677-699. In this article it talks about a theory based on sex role traditionalism. It predicts a more punishing decision for female than for male offenders, while theory based on chivalry predicts greater leniency by the courts for female offenders. This is based on a sample of 36,680 juvenile court referrals in different jurisdictions over a nine year period. The authors use patterns of bias across time, location, offense committed and previous referrals to the court system. The theory that the authors...
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...Gammarus Duebeni has a salinity tolerance and therefore can also be found in estuaries. The species cannot tolerate warm temperatures and will die in temperatures higher than 34C. The Gammarus Duebeni reproduces sexually. Mating occurs after the females molt and ovulate. The species is monogamous. Once the male makes bodily contact with a female, he “chases her, touches her with his divergent antennae and catches her by an appendage” (Sutcliffe). When the male ejaculates sperm, his female partner then puts it in her pouch. Once in there, her oviducts open and the eggs can begin to fertilize. After the mating, the males disperse while the females carry the eggs in their pouches until they hatch and the juveniles grow appendages. The gestation period is between one and three weeks and breeding usually takes place between April and November, depending on water temperatures. After the juveniles have grown appendages, they are released into the open water and the mother is relieved of her maternal duties. The offspring of some Gammarus Duebeni pairs can sometimes be either all males or all females. Juveniles of Gammarus Duebeni, “are sensitive to fluctuations in day length; more males develop after exposure to long daylight hours whereas more females develop at short daylight hours” (Sutcliffe). The Gammarus Duebeni is a motile creature. However it often holds onto vegetation or digs itself into the ground in order to avoid being swept away by strong...
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...Male Mentors in Schools Kaplan University Tracy Lindsey Male Mentors in schools “Men make up ninety percent of the prison and local jail population, and they have an imprisonment rate fourteen times higher than the rate for women.” (Tsai and Scommegna, 2012). Ernesto isn’t a part of this jaw dropping statistic, but he is a mentor success story. Ernesto is a kid from urban Los Angeles that was having a rough time at home and performing at school. Due to his difficult home life, he was at risk of not graduating, which his teachers recognized and made him aware. He was then admitted into the HBO Mentoring Program in which he began to improve. Shortly thereafter his work ethic began to slip due to home issues as well as other factors. In return all program members provided him “extra support and encouragement” along with his mentor being there every step of the way building his confidence. With this support Ernesto began getting great reports from the teacher and he went on to take the GED pre-test receiving a sixty-two in writing and a sixty-one on social studies, which is outstanding. After all the time and effort invested Ernesto graduated. (Lore, 2002). This one success story can speak for many and really paints that picture that many children need support, encouragement and motivation to empower them to want to succeed in the end. Ernesto is just one I speak of but, troubled young men are prevalent in countless communities and many households, which across the U.S. the low performance...
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...Alex Cecola Professor Carrick Writing 140 64595 Assignment #1 January 30, 2012 Bigger Than Life…Try Big Freedia Scientifically, humans have been defined as having opposable thumbs, higher thinking, having dominion over earth, etc. But what defines one human before another? What makes one human more interesting and marketable compared to the next? A human being can be “intersectionally” classified by race and class just based off gender. Race and class are not only verifications justified on a driver’s license and country club application background checks, but actually form and shape gender roles even in today’s so called “equal rights” society. One of the most intriguing characters making headlines lately is a, by sex, a male and yet is referred to as a “her” (Jonathan). Big Freedia comes from the musically established city of New Orleans where new genres of music seem to get pumped out by the decade. Big Freedia has taken full advantage of her city and the new music. Her genre of music can be labeled under “Sissy Bounce” subgenre. This type of music is an energetic upbeat twist off from the standard hip-hop music. This genre known as bounce was not started by Big Freedia, and she admits it and says she is just the next artist hoping to put bounce music on the map. (Jonathan) Upfront, Big Freedia is a taller rather larger man, standing at six feet and two inches tall. She dresses very fashionably yet portrays a more masculine look compared to a feminine one. Her...
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...The juveniles that are accepted as helpers show behavior to ensure the reproductive success and survival of the brood. In contrast to the breeding male and female, in which their natural habitats are present in the shelter only 48 percent of the time, the helpers are usually guarding the breeding shelter 94 percent of the time (Heg and Bachar, 2005). This helping behavior includes fanning, guarding, digging the breeding shelter, defending and maintaining the territory, and cleaning the brood (Taborsky, 1984). Most these helpers are non-reproducing males (Heg and Bachar, 2005). They show submissive behavior patterns toward the breeding pair, if they chose not to be submissive they would be a threat to the pair and would be treated with aggression...
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...In knowing the general history of women in policing, it is best to compare men and women in policing according called The Attitudes of Women and Men in Policing: Testing Conventional and Contemporary Wisdom, when women were first accepted into police department women were restricted to what was known to be, “feminine” roles such as juveniles, families and female offenders and providing clerical support to male officers Price and Gavin 1979 (As cited by Worden, 1993). However despite numerous studies that there is no difference in men and women policing, many still believe what men and women bring to the job is different in attitudes, values and perceptions that influence the way they do it (Worden, 1993). In the article, it was written that...
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...over the years, young mothers were not as common of a trend as it is today and single parents’ homes were rarely if ever heard of. As times go on so does the family makeup, what was once a mom, dad and children can now be an aunt, a grandparent or even a foster parent or guardian looking after the child in place of the parental units. Due to the increasing change in the family environment so are the changes on children’s behaviors. Once a mother was able to stay home and care for the home and child, now most families cannot survive without both parents working leaving the child to their own devices. Females and males are different with how they react to situations and how they handle themselves. Females are more likely to involve their emotion when reacting to things where males tend to react and then think. Twenty Seven percent of young females made up the juvenile arrests in 1999 and only rose one percent in 2000. Young females are less likely to commit a crime that causes harm to others, yet they are more likely to commit a crime that causes harm to themselves. (Einstein Law, 2008). When a child is born they way they are treated and trained depends on their gender, boys are taught to be more dependent and leave the home when they get older to see the world, where girls are taught more of a dependency since they are more likely to be a victim of crime. Trying to keep a girl safe a parent may decide to keep the girl from experience the world as fast as they would a boy. Because...
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...should be judged by another individual’s personal experiences (Kahane 49). Many individuals mourn in different ways and this is heavily related to the gender of the individual. Gender is very influential on an individual’s awareness of mourning, knowledge of mourning and the individual’s display of mourning. For that reason, males and females most times do not require the same needs during their period of mourning because their reaction to the loss of their loved ones vary (Huang 4-29). The difference in males and females mourning is influenced by numerous natural stimuli, historic stimuli and social stimuli and I believe that if both genders are more knowledgeable of the other gender’s requirements, desires and expectations they would be more helpful to each other during their mourning periods. Furthermost, males and females both have some masculine and feminine traits which does not provide a clear contrast between males and females. This is because masculinity and femininity should not be the main focus but rather what impact these traits have on both gender’s knowledge of mourning and the impact on the people around them. Moreover, everyone whether male or female experience the death of a loved one sometime in...
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...dealing with delinquency in juveniles is things such as hanging with juveniles that are around the same age that are showing signs of or that are doing destructive things and not listening or obeying the laws or their elders, difference in maturity levels, because studies have shown that females mature more quickly than males at the juvenile age, and social surroundings also have a huge impact on how the difference in how gender affects the delinquency rate. Females are starting to however catch up with the male juveniles when it comes to the more serious offenses like murder and assaults. Males are more likely to commit crimes such as sexual assaults or crimes that may be sexual in nature but females are more likely to commit crimes such as prostitution and running away from home or shelter which ever they are living in. Social disorders also have a huge impact because they may seem like they are ok on the outside but on the inside they have a lot going on and may be scared of what others are thinking therefor they may go to extremes and act out. It is my belief that a lot of the juveniles that are committing school shootings would fall in to this type of delinquency. In today’s society we see a bunch of delinquency in the juveniles fall back on to how the child or children are raised. If a juvenile is raised around a family that drinks or does drugs then that juvenile rather male or female will most likely drink or do drugs either as a juvenile or as an adult. A child will...
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... purely questions of law and seeking a reversal of the Decision[1] dated January 12, 2005 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 33 of Siniloan, Laguna, which granted the Petition for Correction of Entries in Birth Certificate filed by Jennifer B. Cagandahan and ordered the following changes of entries in Cagandahan’s birth certificate: (1) the name "Jennifer Cagandahan" changed to "Jeff Cagandahan" and (2) gender from "female" to "male." The facts are as follows. On December 11, 2003, respondent Jennifer Cagandahan filed a Petition for Correction of Entries in Birth Certificate2 before the RTC, Branch 33 of Siniloan, Laguna. In her petition, she alleged that she was born on January 13, 1981 and was registered as a female in the Certificate of Live Birth but while growing up, she developed...
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...outside the breeding season, they are highly social and often congregate with large numbers of other swans. During the breeding season, pairs will, however, aggressively defend their territories. Swans build their nests on land out of twigs and leaves, and the female swan lays between 3 and 9 eggs. The baby swans hatch out of their eggs after an incubation of just over a month. 9 swans couple will guard their baby swans furiously from predators or any animal that she believes is a threat. After swans scare off threat, they flap their wings and call to each other in celebration – sort of like a swan high-five! 10 A juvenile swan normally lives as part of a flock until it is about 4 years old and deemed as being an adult. It then seeks out a mate, most commonly from the flock it’s living in, and heads off with the mate to find their own mating territory. 11 A male swan is called a cob, and a female swan is called a pen. A baby swan is called a cygnet and a group of swans is called a bevy or a wedge in flight. Due to their large size, swans have few natural predators in the wild. The swan's main predator is the human who hunts the swan for it's meat and it's feathers. Other predators of the swan include wolves, raccoons and foxes they prey both on the swan itself but also on it's eggs. Before European explorers had reached Australia, it was believed that all swans were white. Dutch mariner, Antounie Caen, was the first to be amazed at the sight of Australia’s Black swans...
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...child,” who are the key players involved in a juvenile’s life? Who has the most responsibility for preventing juvenile delinquency? Explain your rationale. “It takes a community to raise a child”; a child adapts to the community where he or she is growing up. The key players involved in a juvenile’s life are the parents and family members in general, teachers and community members. The child is educated at home by parents during the time he or she is there but then at school the teachers should contribute to lead the child to achieve a successful future the community environment contributes to child’s behavior for example is the child is raise in a community with a high crime rate the child’s behavior can be aggressive as a defense mechanisms. The child’s parents are the most responsible for preventing juvenile delinquency, as a parent he or she should be involved in a children life and stay informed as much as possible about the child’s life while he or she is out the house unsupervised. How does delinquency differ in type, rate, or both between boys and girls? Why? Do you see gender differences in delinquency increasing or decreasing? Previous years Juveniles delinquency was mostly performed by male juveniles, today the rates are pretty similar, most burglary cases are performed by male juveniles but the rate of most violet cases performed by female juveniles have rapidly increased. I honestly do not think that the gender differences in delinquency and I also do not think...
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...treat the fairer sex. The status of females in India aptly symbolizes India’s status of being a developing nation – miles away from becoming a developed state. Of course, India deserves to be in this list because here, in this 21st century, the girl child continues to be murdered before she is born. Female foeticide is still prevalent in the Indian society, in fact, it has been a practice for hundreds of years. Narrow-minded people do not mind murdering their unborn daughters for the fear of giving huge amounts of dowry at the time of her marriage. Such people, whenever they discover they are going to have a girl child (through illegal sex selection tests), get the foetus aborted. Else they would continue to reproduce till they get a male heir. When price rise is already taking a toll on the standard of living, is it necessary to go in for more than two children irrespective of their gender? Many families put pressure on women to give birth to boy so that he can take family’s name forward, light the funeral pyre and be the bread earner of the family. But these days, are girls less competent than boys? Just look at the results of Board exams or any other competitive exams, girls mostly outshine boys. Women empowerment has led to inundation of females excelling in the corporate world, engineering and...
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...family breakups are more prone to delinquency and hyperactivity. Blended families, or step-parent families, are occurring more often yet are less stable than biological families. Sociologist Sara McLanahan found that children who live with both biological parents do better than children who are raised without their biological father. These children are less likely to find and keep a job, finish high school and at a higher risk of becoming teen parents. McLanahan also found that boys who lack their father’s presence are more prone to delinquent behavior. Studies have also found that children who grow up in families experiencing dysfunction and have witnessed violence later show emotional and behavior problems. Many incarcerated juveniles have reported dysfunction in their families....
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