...cynthia booker ----------------------- University of Phoenix NUR/518 • An ethics committee was consulted to ensure the integrity of the study. • Signed consents that state purpose of the study • Details on how study results will be gathered • Information to study participant on who will have access to the information • Information to study participant on how the results will influence clinical practice • Information to study participant on how information will be kept secured • Information to study participant on benefits and risks of participating in study What are some frequently asked questions? • Is the mammography test definitive in diagnosis breast cancer? • Does breast cancer risks increase or decrease with age? [pic] Delete text and place photo here. Who has Access to the Study Information, and what is the Plan for Protecting the Information? A study with open-ended questions along with personal experiences will always have some risks. Sometimes these types of studies have inconsistencies and incongruences because they are based on an individual’s experiences and feelings. Therefore, feelings cannot always be measured in the same way as quantitative studies; this type of research is more vulnerable to skepticism. The researcher was intuitive in his approach because he subjected the research data to three researchers for analysis and critical feedback. This helped to ensure validity...
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...Institution “The Mammography Controversy” by Peter Gotzsche weighs in on the debate surrounding mammography screening for breast cancer diagnosis. The article begins by explaining two cases that show the necessity of further research after a mammography. The two cases shade light on the social effects of treatment that most doctors would not think to tell patients. The article is Gotzsche’s review of the work of Madelon Finkel who is also against mammography. Finkel’s book titled Understanding the Mammography Controversy contains research and ideologies regarding mammography and breast cancer treatment. The book recounts the story of a 21-year-old woman who opted for a lumpectomy rather than a mastectomy. This young woman changed her mind...
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...An Article Critique - Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer Yao Luo University of San Francisco BACKGROUND Despite the high incidence rates, in Western countries, 89% of women diagnosed with breast cancer are still alive 5 years after their diagnosis, which is due to detection and treatment (Parkin, D., & Pisani, 1999). Mammography is such a widespread screening in most developed countries, with the aim of reducing breast cancer mortality through early detection of the disease. However, the organization and delivery vary across geographic regions in ways that may influence its effectiveness (Domingo et al., 2015). In this article critique paper, I choose two relevant peer-reviewed articles using case-control study design to explore the effect of mammography screening on breast cancer survival. The first one is Mammography Screening and Risk of Breast Cancer Death: A Population-Based Case–Control Study (Suzie et al., 2011). STUDY AIMS The authors conducted a case–control study to assess the effectiveness of the Dutch population–based program of mammography screening. The hypothesis of this study was that mammography screening was associated with a decreased risk of dying from breast cancer. METHODS A. What was the main outcome of interest? The main outcome was the breast cancer. Data on breast cancer were obtained from the Comprehensive Cancer Center Rotterdam. Causes of death were obtained through linkage with Statistics Netherlands. B. What was the main...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...1. Davis et al – Descriptive correlational design Dependent variable-received a mammography within last 12 months Independent variable-knowledge and attitudes as measured by face to face interviews with closed end questions, reasons for non adherence (Doctor didn’t recommend it), belief statements about breast cancer, depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale No Intervention/ questionnaire only 2. Farmer et al: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable-increasing mammography adherence to screening within last 12 months Independent variable-Questionnaires, questions designed to elucidate perceptions of beliefs and barriers to screening, susceptibility and seriousness of breast cancer, knowledge of screening guidelines. Social support, cancer fatalism, dispositional optimism, perceptions of general health, screening guidelines. No Intervention/ questionnaire only 3. Levy-Storms: Cross-sectional survey Dependent variable- three levels of nonadherence; Never had a mammogram (never), more than 2 years ago (lapsed), in the last 1-2 years (due) Independent variable- based on self report; demographics, knowledge (of risk factors and screening guidelines), beliefs (perceived norms, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived efficacy of early detection and mammography), psychological (concern about pain and about finding breast cancer) and access barriers (not in a health maintenance organization (HMO)...
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...unfortunately for her the cancer had spread and the doctor could not offer any consoling news. She was given two years max to live. Amy was devastated, and as predicted she passed on just two months shy of her 47th birthday. Surprisingly, Amy had always done her breast exams and mammograms at the recommended intervals. Unfortunately cases similar to Amy’s are on the rise and have brewed lots of controversies on breast cancer screening using mammography-the gold standard. Clinicians are querying the effectiveness of Mammograms as a gold standard. There is increasing awareness of subpopulations of women for whom mammography has reduced sensitivity. Mammography screening is not very effective in women between the ages of 20 and 40, and only moderately effective in women aged 40 to 49.It is estimated through mathematical modeling that regular screening of a woman between ages 40 and 49 will decrease her risk of breast cancer death by about 15%. In comparison, clinical trials show that screening reduces risk of death by 20% to 35% in women aged 50 to 70. Mammography also has undergone increased scrutiny for false positives and excessive biopsies, which increase radiation dose, cost, and patient anxiety. In response to these challenges, promising new technologies that may improve detection of breast cancer both in the general population and in high-risk groups, such as women with dense breasts. These...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography in Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE; Elizabeth Moye, BA; Sankey Williams, MD; Jesse A. Berlin, ScD; and Eileen E. Reynolds, MD Background: The risks and benefits of mammography screening among women 40 to 49 years of age remain an important issue for clinical practice. Purpose: To evaluate the evidence about the risks and benefits of mammography screening for women 40 to 49 years of age. Data Sources: English-language publications in MEDLINE (1966 – 2005), Pre-MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references of selected studies through May 2005. Study Selection: Previous systematic reviews; randomized, controlled trials; and observational studies. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers. Data Synthesis: In addition to publications from the original mammography trials, 117 studies were included in the review. Metaanalyses of randomized, controlled trials demonstrate a 7% to 23% reduction in breast cancer mortality rates with screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age. Screening mammography is associated with an increased risk for mastectomy but a decreased risk for adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The risk for death due to breast cancer from the radiation exposure involved in mammography screening is small and is outweighed by a reduction in breast cancer mortality...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Screening Mammography Use in Older US Women Kala M. Mehta, DSc, MPH, Kathy Z. Fung, MS, Christine E. Kistler, MD, Anna Chang, MD, and Louise C. Walter, MD Screening mammography guidelines suggest that women with a life expectancy less than 4 to 5 years at the time of screening are unlikely to benefit from breast cancer screening and, thus, should not be screened.1–3 Although some cancer screening guidelines specify upper-age cutoffs for stopping screening as a surrogate for life expectancy (e.g., prostate-specific antigen screening guidelines suggest stopping at age 75 years),4 we do not know of any guidelines that specify the types of comorbidity that would preclude screening. This is despite the fact that certain comorbid conditions, such as dementia, are stronger predictors of life expectancy than age.5 Specifically, patients with dementia generally live less than 5 years6–12 and therefore are unlikely to benefit from screeningmammography. In addition, having dementia or severe cognitive impairment increases the likelihood that elderly women will experience harm from screening mammography (e.g., more psychological distress from false-positive results because of the inability to understand screening procedures, and more complications from the treatment of clinically insignificant disease).13,14 Moreover, screeningmammography can distract care away from more pressing medical problems arising from either the cognitive...
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...submit a Proposal for Individual Project by the end of Session 4. The Proposal should address the following seven questions. Rename the template including your name (e.g. Proposal for Individual Project_yourName.doc or .docx) and submit your proposal in the assignment folder “RsrchPaperProp”. I. What is the thesis of your paper? A strong Research Paper has a good thesis. Your thesis statement is a point of view in response to a research question. Read more about how to write a thesis statement here: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/1/ |Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, exceeded only by lung cancer. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis | |(DBT) or 3D Mammography in conjunction with conventional computed tomography (CT Scan) mammography is proving to be more successful| |in detection and possible prevention of Breast Cancer than conventional methods alone. | II. Who is the audience of your paper? It is important to have a well-defined audience in mind when you write your paper. Hopefully you will be able to define an authentic audience that may be relevant in some way to your current job and/or career goals. |ITEC610 class members, IT management, UCSP615 professor & class members | | | | ...
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...Graphics Vol. 2, No. 1, May, 2011 Identification of Abnormal Masses in Digital Mammography Images Indra Kanta Maitra Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: ikm.1975@ieee.org Sanjay Nag Research Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail: sanjaynag75@gmail.com Prof. Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Professor and Senior Member IEEE, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Calcutta, India E-mail:skb1@vsnl.com Abstract Mammography is at present one of the available method for early detection of masses or abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. The most common abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer are masses and calcifications. The challenge lies in early and accurate detection to overcome the development of breast cancer that affects more and more women throughout the world. Masses appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters, which are often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. Digital mammogram is one of the best technologies currently being used for diagnosing breast cancer. Breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages with the help of the digital mammogram image. In this paper, a method has been developed to make a supporting tool. This will make it easy and less time consuming for identification of abnormal masses in digital mammography images. The identification technique is divided into two distinct parts i.e. Formation...
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...Information System Briefing Boston’s Mobile Mammography Van has been helping women receive a free mammography for the past five years. This mobile service travels around Massachusetts with licensed technologists and radiologists on board. Since the beginning of the Mobile Mammography Van all paperwork and documentation has been done manually. “The current lack of a software system introduces risks due to potential regulatory issues, patient safety issues due to potential missed follow-up, as well as program risks due to potential loss of funding” (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009, para. 9). Implementing a new software system will benefit the Mobile Mammography Van greatly. This paper is intended to identify the process for selecting and acquiring an information system, explain how the organizations goals drive the selection process, and identify the roles each organization’s stakeholders play in the selection process. Selecting and Acquiring an Information System When an organization is selecting and acquiring a new information system there is a great deal of planning and steps they must take to implement the system properly. The first step is to establish a project steering committee. “This committee’s primary function is to plan, organize, coordinate, and manage all aspects of the acquisition process” (Wager, et. al., 2009, pg. 150). After the committee has been formed the project goals should be outlines along with the scope of the project and committee. Many questions...
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...the traditional mammogram to improve the early detection rate. Due to this need Hologic developed the Selenia Dimensions Tomosynthesis system. Hologic’s Selenia Dimensions Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) system was the first Tomosynthesis unit to be approved by the FDA. Performing mammograms with 3D Tomosynthesis equipment can detect 41% more invasive cancers than standard mammography exams (Barke, 2014). As the word spreads regarding the superior quality of Tomosynthesis exams, patients will seek out facilities that offer this service. Imaging providers, that use Hologic’s Selenia Dimensions mammography system, will be set apart from the competition. Using Hologic’s Selenia shows commitment and dedication to providing patients with the best exam possible. Situational analysis Hologic’s Selenia has been tested in clinical trials in the United States and has proven to be a superior study over standard mammography equipment. Hologic is leading in this market. In 2014, Hologic reported revenues of $241.5 million in breast health revenues, an increase of 3.1%. High growth in 3D mammography system sales drove this increase. GE’s SenoClaire Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) System was recently approved by the FDA in September, 2014 (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2014). Siemens also has a Tomosynthesis system, but they have not yet been...
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...widely known, largest and best-funded breast cancer organization in the United States Since its inception in 1982, Komen has spent nearly $1.5 billion for breast cancer education, research, advocacy, health services and social support programs in the U.S., and through partnerships in more than 50 countries. Today, Komen has more than 100,000. Komen supports for breast self-awareness as a primary method for fighting breast cancer. Komen supports universal screening mammography and breast self-examination, as well as ever-increasing levels of government spending on diagnosing and treating breast cancer. They promote early detection as the primary tool for preventing breast cancer deaths. Many scientific reviews have concluded that random screening mammography for all middle-aged and older women, regardless of each woman's individual risk of developing breast cancer, results in overtreatment of some women whose cancer would never harm them. For every one woman whose life is saved by screening mammography, 250 to 500 women will be told that they might have breast cancer when they don't. 125 to 250 will have biopsies performed, and between two and ten women will receive unnecessary treatment. Many corporate and charitable organizations run advertisements related to breast cancer, especially during National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, in the hope of increasing sales by aligning themselves with a positive, helpful message. In addition to selling pink products, corporate...
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...National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF) – They raise money that goes towards research into prevention and the cure of breast cancer. They are community funded. McGrath Foundation – They make sure that families have a breast care nurse no matter their financial situation. They also aim to educate and raise awareness. Cancer Australia - Cancer Australia’s role is to reduce the impact of all cancers and improve the wellbeing of those diagnosed. 1 Multiple technologies are used to diagnose and treat breast cancer. Here are some examples and short descriptions of the technology that is used to diagnose breast cancer: Mammography – this screen testing uses low-dose x-rays. A screening is used to detect cancer early before patient is showing symptoms. A diagnostic mammography is used after symptoms are found. Sonography – this uses a hand held piece of technology that projects high frequency sound waves. Sonography is also known as an ultrasound. Infrared Thermography – uses a medical infrared camera to detect cancer by detecting energy (heat) and transforming it into a thermal...
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