...1. Assume that you are executive of a large U.S. multinational cooperation planning to open a new manufacturing plants in China and India to save on labor cost. What factors should you consider when making your decision? Is labor outsourcing to developing countries a legitimate business strategy that can be handled without risk of running into a sweatshop scandal? As an executive of a large U.S. multinational corporation planning to open a new manufacturing plants in China and India to save on labor cost. There are a few factors that must consider when making the decision. The factors are including the environment business of the both country. First factor that must be consider is regulations and laws of the country. It is a very important thing that the producer must care when planning to open a new business in a foreign country. It is because the business cannot against the regulations of the country that can be affect the business such as the company must close their business in the country. The regulations and laws that the producers must be mention such as minimum wage laws, labor laws, safety and sanitation requirement, and trade union organizing provision. This regulations and laws is made because the country have to protect their labor right. Second factors that the producers must consider to come in the foreign country is the culture of the country. It factor is important for producer to make their business suitable and acceptable by the country. It is because...
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...Benefits Of Using AuTomAted sOftware Tools To Manag Staff At Work Place 1. Summarize the benefits of using automated software tools to manage staff access to Internet content and e-mail. (10 marks) In today’s information age, using Internet at the workplace is essential for business. Having said this, statistics show that a majority of employees use the organisational resources for doing personal work such as social networking, email, online shopping, etc. Also a number of employees engage in activities that might cause problems for the organisation financially and legally. As a result more and more organisations have opted for automated software tools to manage staff access to Internet and e-mail. The advantages of such software tools are many, some of which have been outlined below. The use of automated software enables the management to keep a watchful eye on the employee activities, which would affect the productivity at work if the staffs indulge in personal activities online. It is important to emphasise that the manager or team leader cannot always observe his/her staffs and these software enables to record the activities of the employees at any time. Hence the management will be able to maximise productivity by managing employees’ web browsing habits. Unmanaged Internet access allows employees to download or share illegal or copyrighted content from peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Also employees can take part in other activities such as downloading and viewing...
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...1. Summarize the benefits of using automated software tools to manage staff access to Internet content and e-mail. (10 marks) In today’s information age, using Internet at the workplace is essential for business. Having said this, statistics show that a majority of employees use the organisational resources for doing personal work such as social networking, email, online shopping, etc. Also a number of employees engage in activities that might cause problems for the organisation financially and legally. As a result more and more organisations have opted for automated software tools to manage staff access to Internet and e-mail. The advantages of such software tools are many, some of which have been outlined below. The use of automated software enables the management to keep a watchful eye on the employee activities, which would affect the productivity at work if the staffs indulge in personal activities online. It is important to emphasise that the manager or team leader cannot always observe his/her staffs and these software enables to record the activities of the employees at any time. Hence the management will be able to maximise productivity by managing employees’ web browsing habits. Unmanaged Internet access allows employees to download or share illegal or copyrighted content from peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Also employees can take part in other activities such as downloading and viewing pornography, which might be illegal in some countries. All this means that...
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... | | | | |101 |102 |103 |104 |105 |106 |101 |102 |103 |104 |105 |106 |101 |102 |103 |104 |105 |106 |101 |102 |103 |104 |105 |106 |101 |102 |103 |104 |105 |106 | |08-10 |Microeconomie S 115 | |Econ int S 117 Manag S 116 |Manag S 116 Econ int S 117 | |MCM S 6 | METODOLOGIA CERCETĂRII DE MARKETING (IACOB CĂTOIU) A 1 | | | |Microeconomie S 115 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |10-12 |Manag S 116 Econ int S 117 |Microeconomie S 115 |MCM S 6 |Contabilitate Lab 2 |Econ int S 117 Manag S 116 |Contabilitate Lab 2 | | | | | |Microeconomie S 115 | |BAZELE CONTABILITĂŢII (CAMELIA COJOCARU) A 1 | | | | | | | |12-14 |Contabilitate Lab 2 |Manag S 116 |Microeconomie S 115 |MCM S 6 |Contabilitate Lab 2 |Econ int S 117 Manag S 116 |MICROECONOMIE (VIOREL CORNESCU) A 1 | | | | | |Microeconomie S 115 |MANAGEMENT GENERAL (PAUL MARINESCU) A 1 | | | | | | | |14-16 |MCM S 1 |Contabilitate Lab 2 Econ int S 1 |Econ int S 1 Contabilitate Lab 2 | | | |ISTORIA ECONOMIEI (CORNELIA NISTOR) A...
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...Univ Access Inf Soc (2015) 14:81–95 DOI 10.1007/s10209-014-0348-1 LONG PAPER Technology acceptance model: a literature review from 1986 to 2013 ´ ´ Nikola Marangunic • Andrina Granic Published online: 16 February 2014 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract With the ever-increasing development of technology and its integration into users’ private and professional life, a decision regarding its acceptance or rejection still remains an open question. A respectable amount of work dealing with the technology acceptance model (TAM), from its first appearance more than a quarter of a century ago, clearly indicates a popularity of the model in the field of technology acceptance. Originated in the psychological theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior, TAM has evolved to become a key model in understanding predictors of human behavior toward potential acceptance or rejection of the technology. The main aim of the paper is to provide an up-to-date, wellresearched resource of past and current references to TAMrelated literature and to identify possible directions for future TAM research. The paper presents a comprehensive concept-centric literature review of the TAM, from 1986 onwards. According to a designed methodology, 85 scientific publications have been selected and classified according to their aim and content into three categories such as (i) TAM literature reviews, (ii) development and extension of TAM, and (iii) modification...
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...Journal of Multinational Financial Management 11 (2001) 17 – 37 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase Diversification strategy and capital structure of multinational corporations Imed Eddine Chkir a,1, Jean-Claude Cosset b,* Faculty of administration, Uni6ersity of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Street, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1N 6N5 b Departement de finance et assurance, Faculte des sciences de l’administration, Uni6ersite La6al, ´ ´ ´ Quebec, P.Q., Canada G1K7P4 ´ Received 3 April 1999; accepted 22 October 1999 a Abstract This study examines the relationship between the capital structure of multinational corporations (MNCs) and their diversification strategy. Both the international market (multi-country operations) and the product (multi-industry operations) dimension of diversification are integrated into the analysis and a switching of regression regimes methodology is employed that accounts for the bi-dimensional nature of the diversification strategy pursued by MNCs. The model identifies four types of diversification regimes. The results suggest that leverage increases with both international and product diversification. It is also found that the combination of both types of diversification leads to lower levels of bankruptcy risk. Although the role of the determinants of MNC capital structure varies with the diversification strategy, there seem to be common determinants. In particular, profitability and bankruptcy risks are negatively related to the debt ratio of MNCs. © 2001 Elsevier...
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...Technovation 34 (2014) 339–341 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technovation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/technovation Editorial The challenge of cyber supply chain security to research and practice – An introduction a b s t r a c t The tremendous potential to assist or degrade economic and national security performance make security in the cyber supply chain a topic of critical importance. This is reflected by the tremendous activity in the public and private sector to better understand the myriad of cyber challenges, identifying existing gaps and needs and closing these gaps as quickly and firmly as possible through government policy initiatives, public/private partnerships, and legal/insurance penalty and incentive regimes. However when we examine the academic literature, the research and publications in this area are rather sparse. Consequently, this special issue on Security in the Cyber Supply Chain is intended to act as a resource to practitioners and as a call to research. & 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Introduction In general, the cyber supply chain provides tremendous advances in efficiency and effectiveness. The economy gains through transactions being more efficient through the low cost rapid transmission of information related to supply chain management. Not only does this rapid transmission reduce cost, but it also provides value through increased effectiveness allowing for services and decisions that were not possible...
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...Technological Forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 664–677 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technological Forecasting & Social Change Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability Ya-Hui Hsu a,⁎, Wenchang Fang b,1 a b Department of Business Administration, Ming Chuan University, 11F, No.318, Fuhe Rd., Yonghe City, Taipei 234, Taiwan Department of Business Administration, National Taipei University, 69, Sec 2, Jian-Kuo N. Rd, Taipei 104, Taiwan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Previous studies rarely examined the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational learning capability. Moreover, most studies neglect the mediating effect of organizational learning capability in the relationship between intellectual capital and new product development performance. This study uses interviews and the survey method to discuss the relationships governing intellectual capital, organizational learning capability, and new product development performance. Results are based on empirical data from Taiwan's IC design industry, and are generated by the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. Results show that human capital and relational capital actually improve new product development performance through organizational learning capability. Although structural capital positively affects organizational learning capability, managers should pay attention to possibly negative effects...
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...Transformational leadership in nursing practice Owen Doody and Catriona M Doody Traditionally, nurses have been over-managed and led inadequately, yet today they face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Organisations constantly face changes that require an increasingly adaptive and flexible leadership. This type of adaptive leadership is referred to as ‘transformational’; under it, environments of shared responsibilities that influence new ways of knowing are created. Transformational leadership motivates followers by appealing to higher ideas and moral values, where the leader has a deep set of internal values and ideas. This leads to followers acting to sustain the greater good, rather than their own interests, and supportive environments where responsibility is shared. This article focuses on transformational leadership and its application to nursing through the four components of transformational leadership. These are: idealised influence; inspirational motivation; intellectual stimulation; and individual consideration. Key words: Transformational leadership n Nursing n Motivation n Staff support n Personal qualities ffectivenursingleadershipisavehiclethroughwhich healthcare delivery and consumer demands can be fulfilled. Traditionally, nurses were over-managed andinadequatelyled;theynowfaceunprecedented challengesandopportunities(BowlesandBowles,2000). Thenotionofleadershipisconstantlychanging,withmany theoriesandframeworksavailable...
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...Transformational leadership in nursing practice Owen Doody and Catriona M Doody Traditionally, nurses have been over-managed and led inadequately, yet today they face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Organisations constantly face changes that require an increasingly adaptive and flexible leadership. This type of adaptive leadership is referred to as ‘transformational’; under it, environments of shared responsibilities that influence new ways of knowing are created. Transformational leadership motivates followers by appealing to higher ideas and moral values, where the leader has a deep set of internal values and ideas. This leads to followers acting to sustain the greater good, rather than their own interests, and supportive environments where responsibility is shared. This article focuses on transformational leadership and its application to nursing through the four components of transformational leadership. These are: idealised influence; inspirational motivation; intellectual stimulation; and individual consideration. Key words: Transformational leadership n Nursing n Motivation n Staff support n Personal qualities ffectivenursingleadershipisavehiclethroughwhich healthcare delivery and consumer demands can be fulfilled. Traditionally, nurses were over-managed andinadequatelyled;theynowfaceunprecedented challengesandopportunities(BowlesandBowles,2000). Thenotionofleadershipisconstantlychanging,withmany theoriesandframeworksavailable...
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...J. of Multi. Fin. Manag. 13 (2003) 123 Á/139 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase Foreign-denominated debt and foreign currency derivatives: complements or substitutes in hedging foreign currency risk? William B. Elliott a,*, Stephen P. Huffman b, Stephen D. Makar b a Department of Finance, Oklahoma State University, 224 Business, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA b University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA Received 30 June 2001; accepted 20 April 2002 Abstract Using a unique dataset, this study examines the relationship between foreign-denominated debt (FDD), foreign currency exposure and foreign currency derivative (FCD) use, for a sample of US multinational corporations. We find a positive relationship between the exposure to foreign currency risk and the level of FDD, indicating that this debt may be used as a hedge. Moreover, FDD is negatively related to the use of FCD. We interpret this as further evidence that FDD is used as a hedge, and substitutes for the use of FCD in reducing currency risk. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: F23 Keywords: Hedging; Foreign debt; Currency derivatives 1. Introduction US multinational corporations (MNCs) employ a variety of financial and nonfinancial techniques to reduce or hedge their exposure to changing exchange rates (e.g. Bodnar et al., 1998; Marshall, 2000). Financial techniques include foreign- * Corresponding author. Tel.: '/1-405-744-8639; fax: '/1-405-744-5180 E-mail address: elliowb@okstate...
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...Elizabeth A. Curtis, Jan de Vries, Fintan K. Sheerin This article provides an introduction to the issue of nursing leadership, addressing definitions and theories underpinning leadership, factors that enhance leadership in nursing, and the nature of leadership content taught in undergraduate programmes. Highlighted are differences between leadership and management, and the notion that leadership can be ‘learned’. The authors also point out that there is a discrepancy between how leading undergraduate nursing programmes prepare students primarily in the transition of education to practice, and the suggestion from a number of nursing publications that leadership in nurses should be fostered throughout their education. Key words: Nursing leadership n Management n Factors that enhance leadership n Undergraduate programmes he importance of effective leadership in health care has been emphasized by a number of authors (Dunham and Fisher, 1990; Hewison and Griffiths, 2004; Carney, 2006; Greenfield, 2007; Sutherland and Dodd, 2008), and nursing leadership is pivotal to this as nurses represent the largest discipline in health care (Oliver, 2006; Marquis and Huston, 2009; Roussel et al, 2009; Sullivan and Garland, 2010). Research on leadership has demonstrated a positive relationship with improved patient safety outcomes (Tregunno et al, 2009); healthy work environments (Shirey, 2009); job satisfaction (Heller et al, 2004; Sellgren ...
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...The Four Functions of Management Marlowe McConnell MGT 330 January 13, 2013 Kathleen Dominick The Four Functions of Management Management requires a person to think strategically and organize a plan in order to be successful and build a lasting relationship with both the company that they work for and the team that they are leading. To achieve this, managers needs to implement the four functions of management; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The four functions of management are used in all industries and all management should effectively understand and utilize this skill to be the most productive and successful. Planning is the first step in the four functions; managers should create a detailed action plan aimed at some organizational goals (Education Portal, 2013). A plan should have a detailed set of goals to be achieved and the actions needed to reach those goals. The plan can be revised as goals are met or objectives change. The plan should include the objectives needed to reach the goal, obstacles that may arise, actions to reach the goal and to deal with obstacles, alternative courses of action, derivative plans, motivational tools, and how to implement a course of action. Strategic plan, tactical plan or an operational plan are usually implemented by the different levels of management in order to reach the different goals of an organization. A strategic plan would include the entire organization and a formulation of different objectives...
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...African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(8), pp. 3410-3423, 18 April, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993-8233 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Branding satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparative study of Malaysia Airlines and Air Asia Kee Mun, Wong* and Ghazali, Musa Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 23 March, 2011 Brand is crucial in differentiating the superiority of products or services over others. This is an exploratory study examining the differences in brand satisfaction between Malaysian Airlines (full service airlines) and Air Asia (low cost airlines) in Malaysia. 350 usable questionnaires were obtained from respondents in the two main airlines terminals in Kuala Lumpur. Exploratory factor analysis revealed seven brand satisfaction dimensions which are tangibles, price, core service, reputation, publicity, word-of-mouth, and employee. Generally, respondents were not satisfied with all brand dimensions of both airlines. The level of brand dissatisfaction is also higher for Malaysian Airlines compared with Air Asia. Air Asia was perceived better than Malaysian Airlines in price, publicity, and word-of-mouth. On the other hand, Malaysian Airlines was perceived better in tangibles, core service, reputation, and employee. The paper highlights some of its theoretical, managerial and marketing implications to the development of airline...
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...Buildings 2013, 3, 506-531; doi:10.3390/buildings3030506 OPEN ACCESS buildings ISSN 2075-5309 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/ Review Construction Delay Analysis Techniques—A Review of Application Issues and Improvement Needs Nuhu Braimah Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK; E-Mail: nuhu.braimah@brunel.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-0-1895-265-919; Fax: +44-0-1895-269-782 Received: 8 May 2013; in revised form: 1 July 2013 / Accepted: 18 July 2013 / Published: 23 July 2013 Abstract: The time for performance of a project is usually of the essence to the employer and the contractor. This has made it quite imperative for contracting parties to analyse project delays for purposes of making right decisions on potential time and/or cost compensation claims. Over the years, existing delay analysis techniques (DATs) for aiding this decision-making have been helpful but have not succeeded in curbing the high incidence of disputes associated with delay claims resolutions. A major source of the disputes lies with the limitations and capabilities of the techniques in their practical use. Developing a good knowledge of these aspects of the techniques is of paramount importance in understanding the real problematic issues involved and their improvement needs. This paper seeks to develop such knowledge and understanding (as part of a wider research work) via: an evaluation of the most common DATs based on a case study...
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