...points in their careers, public relations (PR) practitioners are likely to face decisions that are ethical in nature. Such decisions reflect a range of ethical dilemmas between, for example, truth vs. loyalty, justice vs. mercy, short-term vs. long-term consequences, and the individual vs. the collective (Kidder 1995, p. 18; Stacks & Wright 1989, pp. 53-67). Public relations practitioners, by nature of their position and job responsibilities, are often in a crossroad of a range of competing interests. Often, the tension may be between the practitioner’s own values and the culture of the organization. In other cases, it may be a conflict between the practitioner’s professional code of ethics and organizational norms and expectations. In yet other circumstances, they may be faced with competing interests between the organization and its various publics. At the very least, practitioners will frequently confront contradictions between business demands for economic performance and public expectations for ethical conduct. Concerns over these competing responsibilities and the ethical dilemmas they produce for public relations are the subject of this essay. In it, a range of challenges faced by public relations practitioners related to issues of ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are explored. It is argued that CSR has, in many respects, altered the expectations and demands placed on the profession. As a profession, public relations have a long and contested...
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...Discuss the relationship between CSR and PR and analyze the ethical issues that arise. How may practitioners ensure their CSR programs are more than just rhetoric? CSR "Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large".(Lord Holme and Richard Watt-Making good business sense) CSR has become a relevent issue in the business field. Nowdays people judge a companys reputation with the way how they deal with their social and environmental responsibilities. Sevral studies revealed that responsible ativities are increasingly valued and demanded by stakeholders.(consumers, investors, community,journalist etc) who see in such activities the civic behavior of bussinesses, and which in turn influences their evaluation of the companies. According to study carried out by MORI in UK indicates that ,75% consumers while evaluating a company considers its level of social responsibility to be important, almost 90% of employees believe that their company should be socially responsible, almost 40% of analyst and investors consider it very important while evaluating the company and over 50 % of journalists consider social responsibility to be very important while judging the company. CSR can be better understood as a means of reinforcing both reputation and legitimacy, as it provides an...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics Stephen M Russell University of Phoenix International Marketing MK 571 Mr. Danny Rubick June 13, 2011 Abstract Ethics is sometimes described as a body of standards or human conduct that governs the behavior of individuals and groups. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the way a company manage the business processes to produce and overall positive impact on society. The three levels of this CSR are economic, legal and ethical. A company needs to be more than economically and legally responsible, it must include ethics and these ethics must be above the bare minimum legal requirements. (Gehrke, 2008) You hear of labor issues, environmental issues and the one this paper will discuss is government corruption. Many companies allow governments to be corrupt and they are allowed to steal from their own people. Such is the case in Nigeria, so PUR Packets will need to be aware of this dilemma and work closely with the government to make sure all business is legal, economical and ethical. Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of self regulation, conscious attempts and self efforts undertaken by an organization for enhancement of operations. CSR is usually part of a business model and should be part of the marketing strategy. CSR in its best element promotes public interest encouraging community growth and development, and it eliminates practices that harm that...
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... Being an international company can cause business ethical and legal issues. Integrity is important and sometimes a challenge when a corporation must respond to criticism or hold back on certain company details. Nike dealt with criticism from right activist, media, and face labor rights violations. However, over a period of time and after making some important adjustments; Nike is working on improving its company image. Nike used traditional advertising methods to broadcast its product. Nike public relations tactics dealt with the wage policy, visiting campuses on universities, personal letters, corporate responsibility and using celebrities as spoke person for its product. Nike launch campaigns regarding child labor, low and non- existent wages. Nike believes that the U.S dollars were meaningless because the cost of living was different in other countries. Nike held press conferences for newspaper staff at colleges. These were ways for Nike to make proactive efforts to address the concerns of activists protesting against their products. Nike made a few mistakes in handling the negative publicity. Three mistakes that Nike made in handling the negative publicity is its intent to ignore the negative publicity, its marketing strategy, and its public relations tactics. They focus their attention more on public relations which lead them to a lawsuit. According to the author, “Nike response to the issues are more of a damage- control stunt than a sincere attempt at labor reform”...
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...FROM ‘STRATEGY’ TO ‘CORPORATE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY’: A CONCEPTUALISATION Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGY STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLICS 1 1 1 1 2 2 3. APPROACHES TO THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIETY AS A METATHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 THE SHAREHOLDER APPROACH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/ETHICAL APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE APPROACH THE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH THE ISSUES APPROACH THE ‘CORPORATE COMMUNITY’ APPROACH CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 4.1 STRATEGY AS THE MAJOR CONCEPT 4.2 THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3 THE LEVELS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3.1 Enterprise strategy 4.3.2 Corporate strategy 4.3.3 Business-unit strategy 4.3.4 Functional strategy 4.3.5 Operational strategy 4.3.6 Conclusion 4.4 THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 Environmental analysis 4.4.2 Goal formulation 4.4.3 Strategic thinking and...
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...4) EXPLAIN THE NEED FOR ETHICAL PUBLIC RELATIONS IN RELATION TO THE CONSCIENCE OF AN ORGANIZATION. The importance of ethics is not only visible in public relations alone; on the contrary it encompasses each and every aspect of our daily life. The public relations of organisations that lack ethical principles are bound to fail sooner or later. The field of ethics, also called moral philosophy, involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. It is defined by Parsons (2008:28) as the application of knowledge, understanding and reasoning to questions of right or wrong behavior. With this definition one can say that ethics are personal values system that each person uses to judge the right or wrong behaviour in others. In public relations discipline, ethics includes values such as honesty openness, loyalty, respect, integrity and forthright communication. Careful and consistent ethical analyses facilitate trust, which enhances the building and maintenance of relationships- after all, that is the ultimate purpose of the public relations function, (Bowen, 2008). Thus this essay will explain the need for ethical public relations in relation to the conscience of an organisation. Organisations accomplish more of their long term goals when they integrate some of what publics want, meaning that the management engages in an ongoing relationship of give and take with the publics. Scholars (Goodpaster & Matthews, 1982; J. E. Grunig & L. A. Grunig...
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...Corporate and Ethical Social Responsibility Assignment Question: Is CSR just another form of PR for companies wishing to get an edge on their competitor? Discuss with primary reference to IKEA. Student Name: Pui Tung CHIU Submission Date: 3 April 2015 Introduction A business activity generates both positive and negative influence for both the corporate as well as the society. The growing expectations of social, environmental and legal responsibility gradually rise in the past decades for corporate. Organizations use corporate social responsibility (CSR) to set up activities in order to achieve and respond these expectations. Jamali and Mirshak (2007) state that CSR approach helps to attract global attention and acquire a new resonance in the worldwide economy. However, Frankental (2001) claims “Do CSR is a public relations (PR) invention?” and company focus on promoting itself, getting an edge on its revivals rather than being ethic to protect the environment or maintain human welfare. Therefore, in this essay, author is going to discuss about the different between CSR as well as PR. Moreover, it will apply an example of IKEA to examine the effectiveness of its CSR in supply chain and analyze CSR as a business strategy to maintain the sustainability of business, financial control and risk management. Afterwards, author will highlight the limitations of CSR policy and finally provide some recommendations to improve the CSR strategy for...
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...Abstract Ethics and social responsibility occupy an important place in our personal value system. Customer confidence in how business operates has been severely shaken by recent corporate scandals and collapses, such as Enron and bank failures. Hence it is important for companies to consider incorporating ethics and social responsibility into their strategic planning. This applies whether a company is involved with customers one-on-one, such as a Taco Bell or Dell, Inc., or their involvement is indirect, through their relationship with their clients, such as newspaper distributor Pogo Distribution Company, or wholesale food seller, Del Monte. This paper analyzes what are ethics and social responsibility, how each applies to a company’s strategic planning, and the overall impact on stakeholders when ethics and social responsibility is considered in strategic planning. The paper will conclude with how my ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program. The Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Strategic Planning To be their most successful, companies must consider ethics and social responsibility as critical parts, inherent components of strategic plan. Ethical and social responsibility criteria must be included as part of the strategic process in before-profit decisions rather than after-profit decisions in order to receive the maximum benefit, i.e. corporate profits. The Role of Ethics in Strategic Planning Reflecting critically and actively on ethical...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility Theories: Mapping the Territory Elisabet Garriga, ` ´ Domenec Mele ABSTRACT. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) field presents not only a landscape of theories but also a proliferation of approaches, which are controversial, complex and unclear. This article tries to clarify the situation, ‘‘mapping the territory’’ by classifying the main CSR theories and related approaches in four groups: (1) instrumental theories, in which the corporation is seen as only an instrument for wealth creation, and its social activities are only a means to achieve economic results; (2) political theories, which concern themselves with the power of corporations in society and a responsible use of this power in the political arena; (3) integrative theories, in which the corporation is focused on the satisfaction of social demands; and (4) ethical theories, based on ethical responsibilities of corporations to society. In practice, each CSR theory presents four dimensions related to Elisabet Garriga is a PhD student in Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain. She holds a degree in Philosophy and another in Economics from the University of Barcelona, Spain. She has taught Business Ethics at the University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, for the International Education of Students (IES), a consortium comprised of more than 120 leading US colleges and universities. Her current research focuses on the concept and implementation of Corporate Social...
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...jcc23black.qxd 21/11/06 1:01 pm Page 25 Corporate Social Responsibility as Capability The Case of BHP Billiton Leeora D. Black Australian Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility; and Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University Corporate social responsiveness is what companies do in order to be socially responsible. This paper presents a case study of social responsiveness at the global mining firm BHP Billiton to illustrate a model of social responsiveness capabilities. Until now, corporate social responsiveness has described processes of environmental scanning, issues management and stakeholder management. The model presented here suggests that social responsiveness is rather understood as a cluster of five organisation-level capabilities that span an organisation’s culture and structure. The case study explores evidence for social responsiveness capabilities at BHP Billiton and considers management implications for the development of management abilities for social responsibility. Director of the Australian Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Dr Leeora Black is a consultant, researcher and educator focused on integrating social responsibility into business operations and strategies and measuring corporate social responsibility. Her work analyses complex CSR issues and problems and builds organisational CSR capabilities. She works with global firms, government businesses and social-sector organisations on integration of CSR into...
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...In this paper, I will discuss how social responsibility and ethics interacts with the business world. I will discuss different styles to management ethics, the benefits companies will find from acting ethical and socially responsibly and some examples of unethical behavior in the workplace. I will also look at social responsibly and its benefits, as well as give my opinion on both topics. Businesses have always been known to shoot for maximum profits in order to please both those inside and outside their company. However, the concept of business ethics and social responsibility has put principled boundaries on organizations so that they cannot achieve their profit goals in any way they please. In order for a company to function within today’s global business society, they must be able to take a strong stance ethically on how they are going to sell their products and conduct their everyday work activities. Alongside being ethical, companies must also take on social responsibility; showing their community that they are involved, alert and willing to be philanthropists even in tough times. Corporate ethics and social responsible, if overlooked, can be detrimental to an organizations outward appearance and customer base. It is not only the right thing to do, but it has always been seen as good business. Both business ethics and social responsibly, although different, play fundamental roles in an organization’s successes. Ethics can be defined as the study of standards...
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...Management Planning Paper L Johnson MGT/330 – Management: Theory, Practice and Application University of Phoenix Edward Zilton April 17, 2006 Planning is necessary function of management for the evaluation of the current and future direction of any company, large or small. Planning includes the implementation of procedures for dealing with legal issues, ethical issues and corporate social responsibility. Why is there a needed to effectively manage protocols in the workplace and set the standard that keeps the company moving in the right direction; to ensure that all events that take place in the organization are consistent and work toward the continued progress of the company? Ethics identify both the policy that should be administered managers and employees behavior that need to be addressed. Ethical decisions are guided by the core values of the managers and employee’s and are principles of conduct that include caring, honesty, keeping of promises, pursuit of excellence, loyalty, fairness, integrity, respect for others, and responsible for ones actions. Managers and employees alike would agree that all of these rules and values are admirable guidelines for behavior nevertheless ethics becomes a more complicated issue when circumstances determine that one value take precedence over the others and the system of rules and values that governs the ordering of values. Managers and employees all have to address a situation, dilemma, or opportunity in which...
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...ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE (HR) FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR). Ms. Suhas Diwate Suhas_diwate7@rediffmail.com Name of Author/Co-Author: Suhas B. Diwate Institutional Affiliations: Asst. Professor (HRM- Department of Management Studies), Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Sewagram Correspondence Address: Suhas B. Diwate C/o B.M. Diwate, Gajanan Nagar. Near Z.P. Colony. Wardha-442001 ( Maharashtra) Contact Details: • E-mail ID- suhas_diwate7@rediffmail.com • Mob: +91 8087293033 • Fax No: NA Title of paper: “ Role of HR for CSR” ABSTRACT: Concept of CSR A Business Unit is in society, within which it operates. This speaks of a number of stakeholders to which the organization has a responsibility. The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations of that society have of organizations at a given point in time. The Concept of CSR originated in the 1950s in USA. CSR became a matter of utmost importance of diverse groups demanding change in business. It is a voluntary assumption of responsibilities that go beyond the economic and legal responsibilities of corporations. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) covers all aspects of an organization’s operation, inter-alia the relations with stakeholders including the employees as one of them. Business cannot exist in isolation. They need the infrastructure...
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...relationship as a building block for ethics and corporate social responsibility. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 21(4), 275-277. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10672-009-9124-4 This article emphasises on keeping up of a good employee-employer relationship as the important element of maintaining ethics and corporate social responsibility. Employee as one of the inevitable factors of organisation should be considered as the most important stakeholder of business. Restrictive approaches towards employee will badly affect the organisation and the organisation may not be successful towards external stake holders like society as its basic duty itself towards the employee is a failure. At the same time, the employee has to be concerned about his duty towards organisation and should try to fulfil it in union with the employer. In conclusion, employee and employer relationship is an unavoidable element to secure ethics and social responsibility of the firm. This article gives a bird’s eye view about the requirement of maintaining a good employee-employer relationship, although it does not deal with the topic in a wide manner. The article consists of some relevant examples to prove the writers’ arguments. But, it does not put forward relevant suggestions to make the point practical. In spite of that, the writers have won in ascertaining employee and employer relationship as the requirement of time to secure ethics and social responsibility in this modern business world. ...
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...Public Relations Review 34 (2008) 399–402 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Public Relations Review Short communication Issues management and inoculation: Tylenol’s responsible dosing advertising Shari R. Veil ∗ , Michael L. Kent 1 Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Oklahoma, 395 West Lindsey, Norman, OK 73019, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Issues management developed as a long-term process interested in the continued health and success of organizations. This essay presents a contemporary issues management case that uses inoculation and a priori solutions as issues management tactics. The case study involving Johnson & Johnson’s responsible dosing campaign demonstrates that organizations perceived to have a high standard of corporate social responsibility are not above using deceptive tactics to protect their brand. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 29 April 2008 Received in revised form 11 July 2008 Accepted 28 August 2008 Keywords: Issues management Corporate social responsibility Inoculation Crisis communication Public relations practitioners increasingly need to serve as ethical counselors to the dominant coalition (Health, 1994) and as the ethical conscience of the organization (Ryan & Martinson, 1983; Wright, 1996). Despite the role of issues management in guiding ethical decision making (Bowen, 2005), some communication campaigns have suspended...
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