...Introduction Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers- that is, to those who are inside an organization and who direct and control its operations. Managerial accounting can be contrasted with financial accounting, which is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors and others who are outside an organization (Garrison and Noreen, 1999). Managerial accounting information includes: * Information on the costs of an organization’s products and services. For Example, managers can use product costs to guide the setting of selling prices. In addition, these product costs are used for inventory valuation and income determination (Horngren and Foster, pp. 2). * Budgets: A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan. * Performance reports: These reports often consist of comparisons of budgets with actual results. The deviations of actual results from budget are called variances (Horngren and Foster, pp. 3) * Other information which assist managers in their planning and control activities. Examples are information on revenues of an organization’s products and services, sales back logs, unit quantities and demands on capacity resources (Kaplan and Atkinson, pp. 1). Managerial Accounting Practices around the World Traditional managerial accounting systems are mainly designed to measure the efficiency of internal processes. In the 1980’s, traditional managerial accounting practitioners were heavily criticized...
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...Management Accounting April 10, 2013 Management Accounting Nepalese Perspective Management accounting is the method of measuring the performance of the organization through both quantitative and non-quantitative approach. Financial accounting and cost accounting both give the quantitative measures based upon which decisions are made but it will not be correct to make decisions based solely upon numbers thus only considering financial terms is considered the old method of decision making in management. Decisions made at both the operational level or management level are not always the outcome of financial numbers. Most of the decisions have other factors which make greater impact than the numbers given by the financial accounting. At present the tendency to measure performance on the overall basis rather than just looking at the size of the profit made by the company has tremendously increased the importance of management accounting worldwide including Nepal. The concept of cash flow management and profitability are central to both financial accounting and management accounting. The financial constrains of any organization defines its objectives and its future course, the impact of which needs to be considered by the managers for decision making in steps. Nepalese Perspective Cash Flow Management The most important function for any manager is to maintain the cash flow of the organization. The main cause of business failure in Nepal like elsewhere is not the unprofitability rather...
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...The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. I No. 1 Dec. 2004 Human Resource Management: Career Development Dhruba Kumar Budhathoki* ABSTRACT This paper mainly emphasizes on career development which is gaining much importance in recent times in order to retain skilled, competent and result oriented people in the organization. This paper invites special attention in this area of organizations. PEOPLE ARE THE SOURCES of all productive effort in organizations. Organizational effectiveness depends on the performance of people working in organizations. Better people achieve better results. As a part of human resource management, every organization should acquire and retain skilled, competent, and motivated employees, because the full potential of human resources needs to be achieved for the growth of the organization. For the purpose of retaining skilled employees, management should assist individuals to plan their careers with realistic information about career opportunities that exist within a particular organization. Career planning is a recently developed phenomenon and organizations are nowadays looking HRD in this new angle. The tremendous growth of organizations in recent times due to technological improvements and tough competition in global market necessitates the organizations not only to select the right type of staffs, but also to retain them in the organizations. The dynamic and growth oriented employees should be allowed to grow through...
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...Top Three Business option that I prefer to be Engaged I believe I am on the right path to achieve my goals. I now anxiously await the next phase in my development. I know that my skills along with my experience will continue to aid in achieving my long-term objective. Hospitality Service Sector Hospitality Industry is growing very rapidly and Nepal has tremendous potential for tourism development because of its unique natural and cultural heritage. Now in Nepal, tourism policy has been formulated with the aims of: increasing national productivity and income; increasing foreign currency earnings; creating employment opportunities; improving regional imbalances and projecting the image of Nepal more assertively in the international arena; through the development and diversification of the Hospitality industries. Information Technology Information Technology (IT) is a broad term that includes all aspects of managing and processing information and related technologies. Information technology professionals are responsible for designing, developing, supporting and managing computer hardware, computer software, and information networks, including the Internet. The real world applications of information technologies can be found everywhere. In fact, IT is likely already a part of your life in ways you may not even be aware. Volunteer or join a board One of the best ways to keep our skills up to date is simply using them. Nonprofit organizations are always looking for skilled...
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...Dabur Nepal Pvt. Limited Audited Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Accounts for the year ended 31st March, 2006 DABUR NEPAL PVT. LIMITED 19 ANNUAL REPORT 2005-06 Contents Page Director’s Report 1 Auditor’s Report 5 Balance Sheet 8 Profit & Loss Account 9 Schedules 10 Accounting Policies & Notes to Accounts 14 Statement of Cash Flow 18 DABUR NEPAL PVT. LIMITED 20 ANNUAL REPORT 2005-06 DIRECTORS’ REPORT To The Members of Dabur Nepal Pvt. Limited, This report presented by your Directors in respect of Financial year ended on 31.03.2006 has been made out for the limited purpose in terms of section 212 (2) (b) of Indian Companies Act,1956 . Pursuant to section 212(2)(a) and section 212(2) (b) of Indian Companies Act, the Balance Sheet of Dabur Nepal Pvt. Limited as on 31st March ,2006 and the Profit & loss Account for the year ended on that date dealt with by this report have also been made out in accordance with the requirement of Indian Companies Act 1956,which have been certified by an Indian firm of Chartered Accountants thereby making out the audit report thereof in accordance with the requirements of Indian Companies Act,1956. FINANCIAL RESULTS The Financial results of drawn in accordance with Indian Companies Act are as follows: (Rs in lacs) Particulars articulars Sales (incl. Other income) Profit before Tax 2005-06 19481.78 590.24 Less: Provision for Tax-current 2004-05 18638.84 941.23 105.54 165.33 Net profit after tax Balance brought forward 484...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study 4 1.4 Research Hypothesis 4 1.5 Significance of the Study 5 1.6 Limitation of the Study 5 1.7 Organization of the Study 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITREATURE 7 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 REFRENCES 11 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Financial sector is the backbone of economy of a country. It works as a facilitator for achieving sustained economic growth through providing efficient monetary intermediation. A strong financial system promotes investment by financing productive business opportunities, mobilizing savings, efficiently allocating resources and makes easy the trade of goods and services. Several studies (McKinnon, 1973; Levine, 1997) have reported that the efficacy of a financial system to reduce information and transaction costs plays an important role in determining the rate of savings, investment decisions, technological innovations and hence the rate of economic growth. Financial development of a country largely depends on effective mobilization of its internal resource. Banks and Financial institutions play pivotal role in the development of the country by performing the task of effective mobilization of its internal resources. It helps in growth of agriculture, trade, commerce and industry of national economy. The banking sector is largely responsible for collecting public deposit in various...
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...1. Introduction Introduction: A Bank is a financial institution and a financial intermediaries that accepts deposit and channels those deposits into lending activities, either directly by loaning or indirectly through capital markets. A bank is the connection between customers that have capital deficits and customers with capital surpluses. Due to their influence within a financial system and an economy, banks are generally highly regulated in most countries. Most banks operate under a system known as fractional reserve banking where they hold only a small reserve of the funds deposited and lend out the rest for profit. They are generally subject to minimum capital requirements which are based on an international set of capital standards, known as the Basel Accord. Banking Banking in the modern sense of the word can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to the rich cities in the north like Florence Lucca, Siena, Venice and Genoa. The Bardi and Peruzzi families dominated banking in 14th century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of Europe. One of the most famous Italian banks was the Medici Bank, set up by Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici in 1397. The earliest known state deposit bank, Banco di San Giorgio (Bank of St. George), was founded in 1407 at Genoa, Italy. Origin of the word “bank” The word bank was borrowed in Middle English from Middle French banque, from Old Italian banca, from Old High German banc, bank "bench, counter". Benches...
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...CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The internship program has been designed by Tribhuvan University for the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) for the specialization course of Banking and Finance. According to the designed pattern of this program, students need to complete internship for the period of eight weeks. This internship session is only undertaken in the eighth semester of BBA to get the practical knowledge of the organizational procedures and work behavior. The basic purpose of an internship is to view the different procedures and requirement of all departments of the organization and also to analyze their strengths, weaknesses inherent in the working system along with the possible solutions to track down the effects of the problems. Finally, the students are required to submit report based on the work performed during those eight week in the organization. For the purpose, I performed my eight week internship program at NABIL Bank Limited, New Road Branch, and activities were focused especially to two departments of the bank: Credit Department and Customer Service Department. Credit Department is an important department which is associated with granting credit to its potential customer. The performance of NABIL bank can be clearly viewed from its credit granting ability. Most of the customers prefer NABIL bank due to the transparency and easy accessibility of loan amount. Likewise, Customer Service Department...
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...IBT Journal of Business Studies (Formerly Journal of Management & Social Sciences) Vol. 10, No. 1, (Spring2014) 83-101 Human Resource Management Practices: A Case Study of South Asian Countries Rafique Ahmed Khan Faculty of Management Science Bahria University Karachi, Pakistan Mohammad Khasro Miah School of Business North South University Dhaka, Bangladesh Amir Manzoor Faculty of Management Science Bahria University Karachi, Pakistan ABSTRACT Purpose: The central point of this study was to demonstrate the similarity and difference of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices amongst the countries in South Asia. Through this paper, an in-depth study was undertaken to evaluate the validity of existing HRM practices in South Asian (SA) countries. An effort was made to examine the influences from the economic emergence in South Asia, force of colonization, historical panorama, cultural similarities and dissimilarities, legal, economic and political factors causing the change.. Methodology/Sampling: The study is based on secondary data collected through extensive research on present and past literature available on the topic. Findings: HRM is in a reforming process towards the development of organizational transformation in South Asia. In addition, contextual and contingency factors are determining the outcome of restructuring HRM practices in South Asia, identified as FDI, foreign MNCs’ influence, and bilateral relations among the SAARC members...
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...CHAPTER – I 1.1 Background of the Study Internship program is a career-related work experience conducted as an integral part of the academic program. It is very essential to get exposure to "real" business projects and problems, development of managerial skills and increased insights regarding organizational work environments thereby enhancing communication skills as the foundation of professional correspondences and understanding the general structure of most business situations by acquiring the new information and ideas so as to apply them for the benefits of the organization as well as the one’s own career development. The term “Bank” was derived from an Italian word “Banca”. Banks perform various specialized functions. Banks may be defined in terms of the various functions it performs. So it is quite impossible to define bank in just one word. However, bank can be described as such a financial institution that takes in funds as deposits repayable on demand or at short notice. According to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, “Bank is an establishment for the custody of money received from or on behalf of its customers. Its essential duty is to pay their drafts on it, its profit arise from the use of the money left unemployed by them.” Types of Bank There are many types of bank among them the main types of bank can be categorized as follows: a) Commercial Bank b) Development Bank b) Central Bank 1.2 Brief Introduction about Commercial Bank A commercial...
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...AND ITS IMPACT ON SHARE PRICE (ANALYSIS OF SELECTED “A” CLASS LISTED COMPANIES) Submitted By Bijendra Bahadur Malla Roll No.: 740090 Reg. No: 2007-2-22-0056 A Research Report Submitted To Prof. Dr. Prem Raj Pant Apex College Pokhara University In partial fulfillment of requirements for the course on Research Methodology For the degree of Master of Business Administration Kathmandu August, 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Study has been under taken to analysis the “Dividend Policy and its Impact on Share Price (Analysis of selected “A” Class Listed Companies)” under partial fulfillment of the requirement of MBA degree. The thesis mainly covers the dividend policy and its impact on share price of “A” class listed companies of Nepal. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Professor Dr. Prem Raj Pant, for his kind support, advice and continuous support for the thesis writing. I would like to express my deep greet to my respected supervisor, Mr. Pushpa Raj Joshi and Mr. Bharat Singh Thapa for his continuous guidance and supervision. The report in this form is the result of their inspiring and invaluable guidance and supervision. I express sincere thanks to all librarians of Apex College who helped me directly and indirectly in the course of review of literature. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their help, blessings, love and support for me to prepare for the thesis writing. ........…….……........ Bijendra Bdr. Malla I CERTIFICATE...
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...publicly accountable enterprises (PAEs) will have to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as their accounting framework under which financial statements are prepared. This means the accounting standards Canada had been using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) will no longer apply. What will this mean for PAEs and their investors? Will there be more or less decision useful information and will securities markets become more efficient with Canada’s adoption of IFRS or is it the same business, just different accounting? Executive Summary Comparing financial statements internationally has become difficult as accounting rules and standards have evolved differently depending on the country due to history, culture, political influence and economics. That is why the IFRS have been created and currently there is almost 100 countries that adhere to IFRS standards. Canada too has decided it must join and in 2011 all Canadian PAE’s will report under IFRS. There are both pros and cons for investors who will be relying on financial information from companies that are using IFRS’s foundation. The adoptions of IFRS will likely cause recognition, measurement and presentation differences in a company’s financial statements. Although IFRS’s mandate is to provide a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards there will be challenges that must be understood otherwise investor confidence will be eroded due to differences...
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... June, 2012 Kathmandu, Nepal 1. Introduction Being one of the integral parts of the economic activities, banking sector plays vital role for the economic development of the country. American Institution of banking defines bank as “Corporation which accepts demand deposits subject to cheque’s and makes short term loans to business enterprises, regardless of the scope of its other services.” It deals in the process of channelizing the available resources in the needed sector. It is the intermediary between the deficit and surplus of financial resources. It pools the funds scattered in the economy and mobilizes them to the productive sector. According to Nigam (1967), the increase in capital has always been a sort of prime mover in the process of material growth and the rate of capital formation has been the principal variable in setting the overall pace of economic development. But these institutions inherent a large amount of risk, which cannot be, denied either. If a bank behaves irresponsibly, the costs borne by the economy are enormous. A large amount of depositors’ money is at stake. The bankers have the responsibility of safeguarding the interest of the depositors, the shareholders and the society they are serving. The formal banking system in Nepal started with the establishment of Nepal Bank Ltd, which came into existence as the first commercial bank of Nepal in 1937. Financial liberalization took place in Nepal in the...
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...S w 9B09A017 DABUR INDIA LTD. - GLOBALIZATION R. Chandrasekhar wrote this case under the supervision of Professor Niraj Dawar solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2009, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2009-06-10 INTRODUCTION In June 2007, consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies around the world were optimistically betting on growth in India. Dabur India Ltd. (Dabur) was among the top 10 CPG1 companies in India by revenue (see Exhibit 1). Dabur’s chief executive officer (CEO), Sunil Duggal, was bullish on the Indian market, yet he was also convinced of the imperative to internationalize. Scheduled to meet soon with a group of institutional investors to brief them on the company’s growth strategy, Duggal had to...
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...Dewan India. CONSUMER PACKAGED GOODS – INDUSTRY BACKGROUND CPGs were packaged household groceries and supplies consumed readily and regularly, including foods, personal care products and detergents, among others. The CPG industry comprised manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. A broad spectrum of competitors prevailed, from standalones occupying niches to integrated firms straddling the continuum. Globally, profit margins were generally low for CPG companies, and their business models emphasized cutting costs, and chasing volumes and elusive top‐line growth. Three factors usually influenced a consumer’s decision to buy a CPG : price, brand loyalty and impulse. In most developing countries, including India, CPG was a local business dominated by small indigenous players at provincial levels. Very few graduated to national status. Manufacturing was generally outsourced and retail channels were shared. Distribution was a key success factor in the business. In the developing markets, there were almost no CPG firms that played on the global stage. It was not easy to create universally appealing brand positions or product assortments and run far‐flung, people‐intensive retail operations. Having acquired a place among the top 10 CPG companies in India, Dewan was attempting what few other CPG companies from emerging markets had attempted to do : become an international company...
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