...Influenza Prevention and Vaccination Program According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), the influenza virus poses a serious health threat to vulnerable populations including adults 65 years of age and older, people suffering from certain underlying medical conditions, and health care workers (HCWs). From September 2012 to May 2013, the group most affected by the influenza virus was adults 65 years of age and older (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Likewise, HCWs “… are at [an increase] risk for occupational exposure to (and possible transmission of) vaccine-preventable diseases” including influenza (CDC, 2011, para. 5). Therefore, I chose to explore the Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System...
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...body is infected by another microbial, such as a upper respiratory infection (Kid’s Health, 2011). Pneumonia can also be contracted by inhaling a liquid or chemical into the lungs (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2014). Pneumonia may affect anyone from children to adults. This disease can be prevented and treated. Disease Prevention Type Pneumonia falls under more than one prevention type category. Primary prevention of pneumonia in the form of vaccines is an effective method among children and the elderly. The infant vaccine series of the pneumococcal vaccine, Prevnar, has been incorporated into the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommended immunizations for infants between ages two months and eighteen months (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). Other vaccines also contribute to prevention including Hib, Flu, and Pertussis (CDC, 2014). Because they're at higher risk for serious complications, infants born prematurely may be given treatments that temporarily protect against RSV, which can lead to pneumonia in younger kids (Kid’s Health, 2011). Hand washing and proper cleaning habits are also primary prevention methods against pneumonia. Hand washing help prevent direct contamination from hand contact and is critical especially when in contact with someone with the disease. As pneumonia is spread mostly through saliva and mucus from coughing, sneezing and sharing utensils or glasses with an infected person, it is important to...
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...Teens and Human Papillomavirus Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease found in the young, sexually active population. It is presenting itself as a growing concern among the most vulnerable population; teenagers. Usually, there are no signs or symptoms associated with HPV so most people do not realize they are infected or that they are exposing a sex partner to the virus. There are more than 40 types of HPV that can infect the genital area, but the two most common types are HPV 16 and 18. These two types are responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). This paper will define epidemiology and describe the epidemiology triangle as it relates to HPV. A specific type of epidemiology, descriptive, will be explained in addition to various levels of prevention. “The word epidemiology comes from the Greek words epi (upon), demos (people), and logos (thought), and it originally referred to the spread of diseases of infectious origin (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p. 255). It was not until the twentieth century that the field of epidemiology was recognized as a discipline. The focus of epidemiology is on evidence-based practice and the outcomes are used to guide a change in practice. Due to the many manifestations of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, and other circumstances related to health, such as injuries, accidents, and violence, the scope and definition of epidemiology...
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...Primary Prevention University of Phoenix Axia September 19, 2010 Applying the strategy of primary prevention would be ideal with the issue of child welfare. However, there is no way of educating and predicting the problems that will arise from abuse and neglect in every household. To some extent there is a potential way of identifying those who are at a higher risk of becoming abusers, but when it’s never been reported in their cases, that could also pose a problem. To the best of the knowledge and abilities those in the human services organizations are equipped with, this can be an effective way to resolve or prevent these unfortunate situations from happening in the first place. Some policies or regulations that could be enforced to alleviate some of the tension brought about with child abuse and neglect, is to engage the parents in as much education as possible when they are expecting, or already have children. Some individuals, who are in stressful situations like poverty or chemical dependency, should be a top priority to serve with the resources and tools to assist them with any struggles. Those that are higher at risk of becoming abusers should take top priority with being given the opportunity to take mandated parenting classes. As this may be a difficult process to follow through with, the idea of being reprimanded with fines and community service may be just enough to lead those with these issues in the right direction. Creating government programs for those...
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...country. During the Nixon administration, the Controlled Substance Act was enacted and made effective May 1st, 1971. The Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention also was established in 1971. The Drug Enforcement Administration was created by Nixon in 1973. Since Nixon publicly declared the War on Drugs, stating that drugs were the public's number one enemy, it is clear when his administration’s intent to commit mass incarceration and racial inequality began. During the Nixon Administration, according to the Sentencing...
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...Introduction Rationale There are two primary reasons why healthcare workers (HCWs) have been targeted for influenza (flu) vaccination. The first reason is to protect HCWs from disease and to prevent work absenteeism, particularly during flu outbreaks or pandemics. The second motive is to protect others such as co-workers and family members, especially vulnerable patients in their care since HCWs can be a significant source of nosocomial spread of influenza. When a healthcare professional receives a vaccination, it sets an example for colleagues and others in the community and increases the likelihood HCWs will advocate for vaccination. Purpose of the Intervention The purpose of the proposed intervention is to maximize vaccination rates in...
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...Domestic Violence Nursing March,05, 2012 Abstract Domestic violence is steadily becoming one of the most major menaces to women's health. Domestic abuse during pregnancy is a serious issue which affects not just the mother, but the unborn child as well. Domestic violence occurs across all racial and ethnic groups, affecting females who are most frequently the victims. Women with unintended or unwanted pregnancies are at a higher risk for experiencing physical abuse than women with planned pregnancies. Domestic violence does not discriminate across the lines of nationality, culture, gender or race. An alarming fact is that in the United States domestic abuse has been found to be the single most common precursor to children's death (Lomas & Fowler, 2010). Keywords: domestic violence, pregnancy, abuse, battery, assault Domestic Violence Introduction Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive, coercive, and threatening behavior that may include emotional, physical, sexual violence, isolation, economic, and coercion as well as intimidation (Newacheck & Halfon, 2007). It occurs in both heterosexual and homosexual relationships. Domestic violence especially violence against pregnant women, is still a shamed subject despite the fact that it is a severe public health issue that threatens both the unborn child and the mother's outcome. Women who are assaulted while pregnant are at a greater risk for putting off health care needs. Domestic violence allows the...
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...Social Security. Employees pay a monthly premium calculated based on their wages. Some facilities lack equipment and treatment. Private healthcare grants access to high-quality services and special treatments. Private healthcare is pricey, so mostly foreigners and wealthy or middle class residents in Mexico have private healthcare. For education, public schooling is free 1st through 12th grade, however textbooks and school supplies are not. Primary, middle and high school is mandatory, however high school wasn’t mandatory until recently. Primary is 1st through 6th grade, middle school is 7th through 9th grade and high school is 10th through 12th grade. Not many students further their education after high school. As for the future outlook of Mexico, they look to improve the quality of care for the 13 million people with diabetes. According to WHO, Mexico has taken steps and continues to improve its first line of defense by prevention, through its soda tax and public awareness campaigns. They want to boost detection of diabetes at primary care level to find cases earlier on. They also want to provide treatment, care and education to help expand the lives of those diagnosed with diabetes. ...
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...Tertiary prevention will include legal frameworks for imposing limitations to physical access to victim and punitive measures in case of violation. The solution of the problem of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence is clearly multidisciplinary and multi angle and several bodies have to sit around the table for a coordinated action seeking to end violence. For a short term effect it may appear that focusing on the woman or victim will have more impact however looking at the long term shift in behaviors, these interventions will be weighted...
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...considered property of their husbands, until the late 1800s. American colonists in the 16th and 17th centuries carried the tradition of children being property of their fathers to the early years of the United States. In the early 1870s, child abuse captured the nation's attention with news that an 8 year old orphan named Mary Ellen Wilson was suffering daily whippings and beatings at her foster home. With no organization in existence to protect abused children, the orphan's plight fell to attorneys for the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). These attorneys argued that laws protecting animals from abuse should not be greater than laws protecting children. Mary Ellen Wilson's case went before a judge, who convicted the foster mother of assault and battery and gave her a 1 year sentence. More significantly, the orphan's case generated enough outrage over child abuse that in 1874, citizens formed the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Child abuse captured the country's attention again in...
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...Encouraging the Delivery of High- Quality, Prevention-Oriented Primary Care Healthcare is the professional medical care provided to the community by the health practitioners such as nurses, pharmacists, and doctors (Shi & Singh, 2012). Diagnosis, treatment, and care for the sick, provision of health education, counseling to the patients, and disease prevention, are some of the performed services by healthcare professionals. System wide incentives are the measures that the government uses to improve and encourage quality provision of primary healthcare among the citizens. Such incentives may include both the financial and the non-financial incentives (Shi & Singh, 2012). Atlas (2011) points out that the financial incentives are the monetary assistance provided towards healthcare to the citizens while the non-financial incentives may include extensive training plans and the reduction of the amount of work each practitioner is able to perform. In order to encourage the delivery of high quality healthcare, both the citizens and the healthcare providers will need to be knowledgeable of the incentive systems. Such efforts will ensure that each healthcare stakeholder utilizes the available incentive for their benefit (Shi & Singh, 2012). Additionally, healthcare providers will be accountable on how they use the incentives such as financial incentives provided by the government. Moreover, the usage of subsidies should be mandatory for every healthcare stakeholder (Atlas, 2011). For...
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...Mandatory Vaccinations As each year passes, and a new one quickly approaches, our world gets more advanced in every way. Our technology becomes faster, smarter, and quicker and with that, our medical strides become bigger and better. Currently, with the help of technology and years of prior research, our medical resources have flourished and with it, the debate over mandatory vaccinations and how they may or may not affect our children. We've been so caught up in the action of being able to choose for ourselves what course we take for our children when it comes to vaccinations, that we have made secondary the consequences of what this choice actually entails. Vaccinations help to protect and prevent the innocent young and the surrounding vulnerable community members from infection, while helping to significantly reduce the risk of outbreaks to people who may be exposed to these potentially deadly illnesses and therefore should be mandatory. Vaccinations should be mandatory because they help keep our school age children safe. Currently, the requirement for entering all public schools is that your child must be vaccinated first. This is a requirement within all fifty states, as marked by the Center for Disease Control. If your child doesn't get vaccinated, they can't start their first day of school. The Food and Drug Administration regulates and licenses all of the vaccines required for children to ensure both "safety and effectiveness." Given our history before vaccines, outbreaks...
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...vaccine in 1945 and documented as the first vaccinations were given to the soldiers in WWII. Many kinds of influenza vaccination studies have been done by medical research teams including the Center for Disease Control. The Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta analysis was researched by Michael Osterholm and his associates by reviewing over 5000 studies of the influenza vaccine. Many articles since then have commented on this meta-analysis and have gone further to expand the question of does the flu vaccine decrease pneumonia in the elderly. Results are such that the confounding conditions of the study needed to be adjusted fully and the studies re-evaluated. Another question arises. Does mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers decrease the spread of the flu virus within the hospital. Evidence for consistent high-level protection is elusive for the present generation of vaccines, especially in those at risk of medical complications and those aged 65 years or older. Does Science Support the Flu Shot? Since the discovery of the influenza virus and the subsequent development of the flu vaccine, has there been enough science research to support the effectiveness and efficacy of the flu vaccine? Influenza also known as the flu is a viral infection. The flu is caused by influenza viruses A and B, and to a much lesser extent C and there are many different strains of the flu virus every year and they mutate frequently...
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...Preparing At-Risk Youth for the Future A large fraction of American youth perform poorly in high school, and many of these youth fail to obtain a high school degree. The costs of failure in high school are growing, both for the individual student and for society overall. Mathematica researchers have conducted many of the most important studies of at-risk youth and interventions designed to address their educational needs. Synthesizing Lessons from Dropout Prevention Programs We have studied a diverse array of dropout prevention approaches, ranging from small programs in a single school to those designed to address the dropout problem in clusters of schools or entire school districts. Mathematica's staff are also principal investigators for the What Works Clearinghouse comprehensive review of evaluations of dropout prevention programs. Our staff are assessing the strength of the evidence on the effectiveness of dropout prevention initiatives and synthesizing the lessons from these studies for policymakers and educators. Re-Engaging Out-of-School Youth Youth who drop out of high school represent a loss of human potential. For the Office of Vocational and Adult Education within the U.S. Department of Education, Mathematica conducted case studies of six dropout recovery programs that help youth ages 16 to 21 return to school, earn a high school credential (either a diploma or GED), and prepare for further education and jobs. Drawing on site visit interviews and an analysis of...
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...SOCI 2450 A Prof. Darryl T. Davies Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 Bill C-10: Issues of Interest Nidhal Abubakar 100896803 2015 2015 There are many issues surrounding the content of Bill C-10. This essay will examine issues that affect the criminal code and provide evidence that the Bill is not progressive for Canada to deal with crime and the judicial process. By looking at the issues such as mandatory minimum sentences and the proposition of the bill we will look at the challenges that will be faced and met. The bill also introduces eliminating conditional sentences and eliminates double credit for time already served as well as introduces changes to the Youth Criminal Justice Act to impose harsher sentences for young offenders. This essay will delve into information that will bring the various issues to light. Firstly an explanation of Bill C-10 will be provided to understand what changes will be made to the Criminal code and who it affects. The dissection of the Bill will open the dialogue for this essay for appropriating topical issues with the concept of progress in a manner that reflects the trouble that this Bill brings to Canadian society. Bill C-10 was introduced by the Minister of Justice on the 20th of September 2011. The Act includes the enactment of the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act and amendments to the State Immunity Act, the Criminal Code, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, the...
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