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Mandatory Synthesis Essay

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The way the cerebral cortex is organized is through different regions that receive and analyze the sensory information. The first is the primary visual cortex, also called the striate cortex, which receives the visual information. The primary visual cortex is located in the back of the brain in the occipital lobe. Then there is the primary auditory cortex which receives the auditory information. This cortex is located in a fissure (a major grove in the surface of the brain) that’s on the said of the brain or in the temporal lobe. Next is the somatosensory cortex which is responsible for receiving the information from the body senses. This cortex is a vertical strip in the brain that is located in the parietal lobe of the brain. Last is the …show more content…
When a person is sleeping they don’t always escape the pains of life, there are some disorders that may come about for people. The first kind of disorder a person may face is narcolepsy, this is when the person has uncontrollable sleeping spells. The person may endure extreme sleepiness throughout the day and have a sudden strike of sleepiness that they are unable to resist. The symptoms of narcolepsy are sleep attacks that include this overwhelming urge to sleep. However this sleep doesn’t usually last more than a few minutes. Another symptom is cataplexy which includes a muscle weakness and paralysis of the muscles. With this symptom the person will lie fully conscious on the ground unable to move for several minutes. Cataplexy attacks can be caused by an influx of emotional reactions like laughter, anger or sudden movements. The last symptom of narcolepsy is sleep paralysis which is the inability to move before sleep hits the person, they can snap out of it by being touched. The general treatment for narcolepsy is usually drugs like Ritalin or antidepressants. The next type of sleeping disorder is the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder. This is when a paralysis during sleep doesn’t take place, therefore the person will act out the dreams they are having. This can be caused by brain damage. Symptoms are failure to having paralysis during REM-sleep. The treatments for this disorder are drugs. The typical drug given is clonazepam which is a …show more content…
However, these two processes have different stages they go through. The stages of REM-Sleep are the following. The first stages of REM-sleep is marked by theta activity which has an EEG level of 3.5-7.5 HZ. This indicates the firing of neurons in the neocortex. This is the stage of transition of wakefulness to sleep. If you watch a person who is in this stage their eyes with slowly open and close and then you can see their eyes roll toward the back of their head. Then there is stage two when the person’s EEG level becomes irregular and will enter theta activity, sleep spindles and k-complexes. Sleep spindles are short bursts of 12-14hz that occur a few times per minute. The sleep spindles play a role within a person’s memory. K-complexes are sudden sharp waveforms that are often triggered by loud noises. At this point the person is asleep, however, if they are woken up they wouldn’t think they have been asleep. The third stage then comes after fifteen minutes of stage two. This stage is signaled by delta activity that is highly amplified, 20-50 of the third stage is made up of high delta activity. Stage four is very similar to stage three in that it also has amplified delta activity and both have slow wave EEG. However the activity of delta in stage four occurs over 50% perfect o the time. The last stage of REM-sleep is REM (rapid eye movement) this is the stage

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