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Manly Dam

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Submitted By Gwertles
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Pollution of waterways from land use and urbanisation has been identified as one of the key pressures on estuaries and their associated biodiversity. The accumulation of heavy metals and bioavailable pollutants in sediments jeopardises the health of the waterways and associated biodiversity and aquaculture. Sydney Harbor is one of the most polluted in the world due to the intense urbanisation around its tributaries and historical pollution that gets reintroduced with anthropogenic activities like dredging- with our findings showing highest proportions of sediment along the river being of adequate size to form aggregates with pollutants. The dynamic nature of estuaries is also in jeopardy due to global warming caused rises in mean water levels, flooding areas and reducing viable habitat- supported by lower levels of copepods and other macroinvertebrates and zooplankton, and shifts in mangrove populations. Estuaries are a significant coastal feature in that they represent the interface between freshwater rivers and the saline ocean (Statham, 2012). The mixing of the two due to differing densities creates a unique environment in which to support many organisms, some of which are dependent upon the unique tide dictated salinity regimes of the area. These interfaces are areas of high production, as inland nutrients are washed down in the river and mix with nutrient laden sea water, creating a virile and protected section of water which provides habitat to many unique species from benthic algae to fish and birds in their various life stages (Nicastro & Bishop, 2013).
Along an estuary several communities can be found, distinct from both entirely freshwater and saline environments. As such, estuaries are often capable of providing continuous primary, and hence secondary, production. These can consist of Mangroves, salt marsh,
mudflats,

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