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Markos

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Humanist Christian Louis Markos in his article “Homer’s Illiad: Civilization versus Barbarism” explores how faith of Christians can be strengthened by reading the Pagan classics like Homer’s Illiad.
Markos starts by comparing Homer’s world to a pre-Mosaic world of Genesis. He states that they live in a world that is pre-moral and pre-legal, but are still without a sense of what is moral and lawful. Markos then begins to explain what happens in the first five books in The Illiad. He discusses that every single one of Homer’s warriors get to display their arete, which means excellence. They all strive to achieve arete, but every time they get their moment to shine, Achilles comes in and puts them to shame. Markos says, “The godlike Achilles will achieve that which the rest of us lesser morals merely strive for.” This clarifies that all of the soldiers look up to Achilles and strive to be like him.
Markos then focuses on book six where Homer carries the reader from war to peace and barbarism to civilization. He talks about Homer’s moral compass throughout The Illiad and states the laws of xenia, known as the guest-host relationship. This means that both guests and the host have to treat each other the same. The host must provide hospitality and the guest is not suppose to take advantage of the host. He relates this concept to the Old and New Testament. One example is in Genesis 18 where Abraham is rewarded for the hospitality he shows the three angels. In The Illiad, the guest-host relationship plays an important role. The soldiers try to avoid any behaviors that will bring dishonor to their family and get looked down upon. This is soon violated when Menelaus pins down a Trojan and is about to kill him, although he is supposed to show him mercy, according to the guest-host relationship rule. Agamemnon rides up behind his brother, Menelaus, and tells him to show no

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