...The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research Author(s): Scott Shane and S. Venkataraman Source: The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 217-226 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/259271 . Accessed: 15/07/2014 10:10 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.37.164.140 on Tue, 15 Jul 2014 10:10:19 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions t Academy of Management Review 2000, Vol. 25, No. 1, 217-226. NOTE AS THE PROMISE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP A FIELD OF RESEARCH SCOTT SHANE Universityof Maryland S. VENKATARAMAN Universityof Virginia To date, the phenomenon of entrepreneurshiphas lacked a conceptual framework.In social science this note we draw upon previous research conducted in the different disciplines and applied fields...
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...The cyclone furniture case study Questions A) Describe the operating structure of cyclone furniture. Draw a structure diagram and discuss the improvements that can be made. Answer - operating structure of cyclone furniture has three broad categories: 1. Domestic furniture 2. Export furniture 3. Office furniture Each section has its own dedicated setup. Semi-finished furniture from these dedicated setups moves to single furnishing unit where activities like staining and polishing are performed by specialists. However, workers in three manufacturing units are interchangeable. STRUCTURE DIAGRAM OF CYCLONE FURNITURE /-- Domestic Furniture O \ V -- Export Furniture O --- Finishing O Upholstery O V C \-- Office Furniture O / V= stock; o= operation; /= direct to next operation/customer IMPROVEMENTS Instead of three separate manufacturing unit it is more efficient to have single manufacturing unit for all three sections. This will result in economy of scales both in term of machinery and manpower. When all operations will be performed under one space than spare leased plant and machinery can be given back to lessor and cost can be saved to some extent. b) What do think is the real cause for the cash flow problem at cyclone? what actions can be taken improve the situation? Comment on rangi management of factory. Answer- main reason for temporary cash flow problem is high level of stock of raw material and finished good then required...
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...Introduction: E-marketing means using digital technologies to help sell your goods or services. These technologies are a valuable complement to traditional marketing methods whatever the size of your company or your business model. The basics of marketing remain the same - creating a strategy to deliver the right messages to the right people. What has changed is the number of options you have. Though businesses will continue to make use of traditional marketing methods, such as advertising, direct mail and PR, e-marketing adds a whole new element to the marketing mix. Many businesses are producing great results with e-marketing and its flexible and cost-effective nature makes it particularly suitable for small businesses. This guide describes how to develop an e-marketing plan and provides guidance on implementing that plan and monitoring its effectE-business has transformed the way companies function in today's economic marketplace. The technological advances of the past few decades have given businesses the ability to grow and expand beyond their local market. The Internet allows small businesses to reach national or global consumers with their products and services, increasing their sales and profits. Along with these advantages come some disadvantages, creating higher levels of economic challenges not previously seen. The field of entrepreneurship is widely represented on the Internet through small and large companies that perform their entire operations, or a large portion...
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...MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction: A variety of environmental forces influence a company’s marketing system. Some of them are controllable while some others are uncontrollable. It is the responsibility of the marketing manager to change the company’s policies along with the changing environment. According to Philip Kotler, “A company’s marketing environment consists of the internal factors & forces, which affect the company’s ability to develop & maintain successful transactions & relationships with the company’s target customers”. The Environmental Factors may be classified as: 1. Internal Factor 2. External Factor External Factors may be further classified into: External Micro Factors & External Macro Factors Company’s Internal Environmental Factors: A Company’s marketing system is influenced by its capabilities regarding production, financial & other factors. Hence, the marketing management/manager must take into consideration these departments before finalizing marketing decisions. The Research & Development Department, the Personnel Department, the Accounting Department also have an impact on the Marketing Department. It is the responsibility of a manager to company-ordinate all department by setting up unified objectives. External Micro Factors: 1. Suppliers: They are the people who provide necessary resources needed to produce goods & services. Policies of the suppliers have a significant influence over the marketing manager’s...
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...Critique on Marketing Myopia | Submitted by: Husnain Moazzam | Submitted by: Sir Hassan | Critique on Marketing Myopia Theodore Levitt was a lecturer in Business Administration at the Harvard Business School; now, he is a full-fledged professor. The Harvard Business Review has sold more than half a million reprints of this article and each reprint has no doubt been copied several times over. There will be few marketing students who have not read this article which is about how an organization can guarantee its sustained growth a big question? To quote from the summing up of this article, Marketing Myopia answered that question mark in a new demanding way by urging organizations to define their business broadly to take privilege of development opportunities. Using the example of the railroads, Levitt showed how they declined as technology highly developed since they define themselves too narrowly. To continue growing, companies must ascertain and act on their customers' needs and desires, and not bank on the presumptive longevity of their products. Even more dramatic is the first paragraph of this seminal article which reads: “Every major industry was once a growth industry. But some that are now riding a wave of growth enthusiasm are very much in the shadow of decline. Others which are thought of as seasoned growth industries have actually stopped growing. In every case the reason for growth is threatened, slowed, or stopped is not because the...
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...HISTORY Asian Paints: Asian Paints Limited is an Indian chemicals company headquartered in Mumbai, India. It manufactures paints for decorative and industrial use. Asian Paints is India's largest paint company and Asia's third largest paint company. Asian paint concentrates on decorative paints market that’s why it has 40 percent of share in decorative. Utsav is a leading brand of this company. Goodlass Nerolac Paints: It is the largest industrial paint and second largest decorative paint company of India based in Mumbai. It is a subsidiary of Kansai Paint of Japan. It is engaged in the industrial, automotive and powder coating business. Goody is a brand introduced by this company made a huge success in the market. I. SEGMENTATION Market segmentation is a marketing strategy which involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers, businesses, or countries that have, or are perceived to have, common needs, interests, and priorities, and then designing and implementing strategies to target them. The whole paint industry has been divided into two segments:- * Decorative segment * Industrial Segment Asian paint market segmentation – AP produces a wide range of products which have more than 12,000 shades. * Utsav - rural (chunna and distemper) * Distemper - middle income group * Royal - higher income group Decorative paints market has been segmented into:- * Interior wall paints:- * Royal- Smooth & high performance luxury...
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...CONSUMER MARKET RESEARCH:- Consumer marketing research is a type of sociology (applied) that has its main focus on the preferences, attitude and behaviour of consumers in a competitive economy. The main objective is to understand the effectiveness and success levels of pull-marketing campaigns. Consumer marketing research is also known as the systematic identification, analysis, collection and distribution of information mainly for the purpose of helping the management in decision making process related to the classification and solution of prospects and problems in marketing. The goal of marketing research is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behaviour. Assess of consumers (prospective and existing)can be done with consumer market research from Informatics Outsourcing. Consumer market research can help in the quests of, * Gathering market information regarding opinions and trends * Acquiring information on consumer behaviour * Measure the interest levels in new products and service offerings * Generating a list of potential new customers Consumer marketing research is also a Part of market research in which the preferences, motivations, and buying behavior of the targeted customer are identified through direct observation, mail surveys, telephone or face to face interviews, and from published sources (such as demographic data). Business to business market research Business to business (B2B) research is...
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...In additon to that , Ryanair is using unified fleet of boieng 737-400s , which means the company does not have totrain maintance crews on maintianing new areoplanes. What is more, thse areoplanes can easily fly to the USA without any refulling problems. All these strong points has made marketing rayainrair services is esy task. The company can cover all lesiure destinations t no extra cost. At the same time, the company can offer cheap flights to the USA , s part of the new open skies- pact. The 262 planes the comapy owns can provide a lot of sechulde flights to ny destination . that could become really hany if we know that the company is starting to merchindise its products through online booking. How can Ryanair can develop its markrting strrtegy the focus of any marketing strategy development should focus on enlarging the number of passengers using its...
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...Letter of Transmittal May03, 2012 The Lecturer Saud Ahmed Department of Finance Jagannath University, Dhaka. Subject: To submit a report on “New-product development on- Natural Anti-insect.” Dear Sir, We are very delighted to submit the term paper on New-Product Development on Natural Anti-insect product as the course material. Our main incentive is to prepare this term paper according to your guidelines in accordance with your instructions. We have tried our best to produce our work as per your structures and hope we believe we have done an adequate job considering our level of experience and expertise and are able to relate the fundamental things with realistic applications. We are extremely grateful for the opportunities that you gave us to express our innovative ability and we earnestly hope that you will like the work that we have done. Furthermore, we stand by to answer all queries regarding our work and pledge that our New Product Development is a unique production culminated by the amalgamation of our varied skills and had work. Sincerely Yours On behalf of the group Mohammad Sakil Azad 1st year, 1st semester Roll: B110203095 Batch-6th (Finance) Acknowledgement All praise to Allah, our creator and sustainer, for giving us the strength to prepare this assignment. Our heart full thanks to our course teacher “Saud Ahmed” for giving us an important topic about the “New Product Development.” and also for giving suggestion as well as guideline,...
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...SCRIPT EVOLUTION TECH! hello good morning thank you pala for liking my post with AIM Global, you just added level of encouragement to go on with my business international thank very much have a blessed day! ok lang ba i add kita sa group nami ? may e share lang ako sau baka magustuhan mo rin pwd po tayong makatulong! WELCOME NOTE: EXAMPLE 1. Good Morning everyone welcome ms @Bren Sy from japan, ito po yung group namin kung saan marami po kayong matutunan sa isang opportunity na nagbibigay ng pag asa sa maraming Pilipino. Welcome to AIM Global! Dont hesitate to ask any question here! 2. ABC RULE/BUILD UP/TEE-UP Welcome po sa grupo na nagbigay sa akin ng pag asa na maging malaya mula sa pagiging utak ofw tungo sa pagiging utak negosyante, tulad mo dn ako noon nangarap din kya my isang AIM Global na dumating sa buhay ko at muling nagbago at nabuhay ang natutulog kung pangarap,kung may pangarap ka add mo ang taong ito,sya po ang mentor namin facebook expert,Millionaires Club member/ Car Achiever Mr. Franq Banzuela https://www.facebook.com/franq.banzuela 3. YELLOW-HELP=ALIVE FOUNDATION /PRODUCTS TESTIMONIALS @Bren Sy Welcome dito sa AIM Global, hindi lang puro kitaan ang napakaganda may foundation tau na nakakatulong po tayo sa mga kababayan natin. ALIVE FOUNDATION DAVAO GENSAN http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdVDOhZko68 4. BLUE=FUN TRAVEL=AIM GLOBAL TRIP @Bren Sy Welcome sa group ibang iba talaga ang AIM Global since may incentive trip din kapag na hit mo ito libre kang makapunta...
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...I. Eliashberg and C.L. Lilien, Eds., Handbooks in OR d MS. Vol. 5 0 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved. Chapter 17 Marketing Strategy Models* Yoram (Jerry) Wind The Wharton School. University o/PennryIuonio. Philodrlyhio. P A 19104. U S A Gary L. Lilien Pennsyluanin Stare Uniriersity, Universiry Park, P A 16802, U S A 1. lntrcduction Many of the models and approaches outlined in other chapters of this book address single marketing issues (promotional spending, pricing, salesforce deployment, etc.) within the context of any organization where other factors are assumed constant. For the most part, such approaches are 'bottom-up', and closely akin to the operational philosophy of traditional ORIMS. Consider, in contrast, a large organization with several business divisions and several product lines within each division. Marketing plays a number of roles throughout that organization. At the organizational level, marketing can provide both perspectives and information to help management decide on what the mission of the corporation should be, what the opportunities of the organization might be, what strategies for growth it might have, and how it might develop and manage its portfolio of businesses. The resulting corporate policies provide guidelines fordevelopment of strategy at each business division. And, at the lowest level, the managers of each product and/or market within each division develop their own marketing strategies within the...
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...LA MARCA EN LA MANO: MARKETING MÓVIL EN ADIDAS Nick Drake, director de Global Media (Global Media Group) para adidas, llegó a la sede de la compañía para presentar una nueva estrategia de marketing , basada alrededor de los teléfonos móviles. "La llamamos la Marca en la mano", dijo al grupo ejecutivos senior de marketing que se habían reunido para presentar su estrategia para el próximo año. El Grupo Global Media había estado discutiendo que el marketing móvil fue el más segura, y quizás la única, manera de adidas para liberarse de la confusión de publicidad y la fragmentación de los medios tradicionales. "El móvil es el medio más personal disponible ", explicó Drake. "La gente corre toda su vida fuera de la telefonía móvil. Es negocio, es personal, es la recopilación de información. Es en 24/7. Con móvil, tienes plena atención del cliente". El Grupo Global de Medios predijo que los medios móviles eventualmente reemplazar la mayoría de las formas de medios de comunicación impresos, y aprovechando esta tendencia temprana, adidas tenían la oportunidad de superar a sus competidores. Uli Becker, jefe Global Comunicaciones de adidas , no estaba tan seguro. "Demuéstremelo” , dijo. Él dio al Grupo Mundial de Media un año para probar diferentes conceptos de marketing móvil con el fin de demuestran cómo los dispositivos de mano pueden proporcionar una experiencia positiva de la marca sin que los potenciales clientes se molesten por entrometerse en su vida personal. Unos...
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...“RURAL MARKETING” Executive Summary A debate continued for a long time amongst the Indian marketers, both practitioners & academicians, on the justification for the existence of the distinct discipline of rural marketing. Consequently, two schools of thought emerged. The first school belived that the products/services, marketing tools & strategies that are successful in urban areas, could be transplanted with little or no more modifications in rural areas. However, the second school saw a clear distinction between urban & rural India, & suggested a different approach, skills, tools & strategies to be successful in rural markets. What differentiates the two markets is not mere income, but a host of other infrastructural & socio-cultural factors. Thus, the rural market cannot be tapped successfully with an urban marketing mindset & would definitely require its thorough understanding. In other words, the approach toward rural markets needs to be distinct from the one adopted for the urban markets. Thus, in a large rural economy like India’s, rural marketing has emerged as an important & distinct internal sub-division within the marketing discipline. This sub-division clearly highlights the differences between rural marketing & mainstream marketing. Table of contents 1) Rural marketing 3 2) Evolution of rural marketing 4 3) Nature of rural market 8 4) Rural marketing transactional or developmental 9 5) Classification...
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