...evolution in ideas occurred: Luther being threatened by Cardinal Cajetan; Luther being questioned by Eck in Leipzig; His publishing of his 3 books in 1520 and his attendance at the Diet of Worms in 1921. On the 31st October 1517 Luther’s publishing of the The 95 theses was the backdrop to his challenge to the church and is what got everybody’s attention, in mainly focused in on the selling of indulgences was wrong (would not guarantee your entry to heaven and also morally wrong) and that sole fide (faith alone) would get a soul into heaven. Despite this was the first time his views had been published, there was no distinct change to his views it was only the fact that Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences in Germany had contributed to him publishing the 95 theses. However this was the first time his ‘Challenge’ to the Catholic Church was made to the mass public, which is very significant. Following on from his 95 theses, the Threats from Cardinal Cajetan and the debate with Johann Eck were the first real responses from the Catholic Church and a chance for Luther to show what he believed in. In 1518 Luther had been instructed to go to Rome to withdraw his theses but he refused and so the Pope sent Cardinal Cajetan to Germany, he then summoned Luther to Augsburg. For several days he made clear that the pope was not happy and threatened Luther without terrible punishments if he did not withdraw his theses; however Luther’s viewpoint remained unchanged. Luther argued that he would only...
Words: 972 - Pages: 4
...Erasmus Erasmus of Rotterdam is highly critical of the monastic life. Not as one who avoids hard work. He accuses a certain segment as doing such; but also to argue if one follows the letter of discipline as just as much folly because the participant does not work either to further God's Kingdom or the general well-being on earth. He accuses the participants of being self-absorbed and not really humble. Highly critical of monks and monastic life as not being self-sacrificing, but rather self-gratifying: To be perceived as wise but in truth teaching trivia. To follow the trivia of the monastery but to be disobedient to God's will. Elizabeth I: Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Elizabeth evokes courage later in her Tilbury speech by comparing herself to a king. Elizabeth at first admits reality that she is just a “weak and feeble woman.” Then she claims to be almost a king trapped in a woman’s body. By saying she has “the heart and stomach of a king,” she uses symbols to show she is much like a man. The heart would be a symbol of the virtues of courage, bravery and loyalty. The stomach would be a symbol for being able to keep breakfast down as the bodies and gore of battle pile up around them. Elizabeth is saying she could be right in the midst of battle with them, and the soldiers would never see a feminine quality about her the entire time. She is hinting that Spain is attacking her because she is a woman, even though she has shown all these qualities of a man. Even...
Words: 776 - Pages: 4
...2 Leslie Carlson WGU Themes in U.S. and World History GKE1 August 30, 2014 Task 2 Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a Catholic Monk and German patriot who challenged the Catholic Church and brought about significant social and political change. He was a powerful individual that changed the course of history without politics or government affiliation (Wilson, 2007, p. 34). Luther believed that anyone who possessed a bible should be able to read it and guide his own religion. He thought the Church corrupt for selling absolution, thereby releasing sinners from punishment in the afterlife. This took power away from the church. He was so convicted in this thought that he translated the Bible into German and had the New Testament printed in 1522 and the Old Testament in 1534. By challenging the Pope and the Holy Roman Empire, he in fact challenged political authority. By giving lay people access to the Bible, learning became something they could treasure. In 1524 Luther urged authorities in Germany to establish schools for all children. This social change became evident in 1580 when half the parishes in Electoral Saxony had elementary schools for boys. Ten percent had even made similar provisions for girls (Wilson, 2007, p. 37). “Indeed, no one more than Martin Luther resembles the flawed hero of which the sacred text affords so many examples”(Wilson, 2007, p. 39). Martin Luther was a significant mechanism in social and political changes in the 16th Century and beyond. Susan...
Words: 496 - Pages: 2
...themselves. When the bible was translated, many people got mad. They got mad because people believed they were being told what was truly in the bible, but instead the church said lies to make people do what they wanted them to do. This has to do with church doctrines. John Wycliffe’s work influenced John Hus, an Eastern European priest. John Hus went against the practice of selling indulgences. He called for reform. Hus went up to the Council of Constane to defend his statement. But, things went wrong, they burned him at stake. This made all of the other people scared to stand up to the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was the first after John Hus to stand up to the church. Luther was a priest. He had been authorized to preach indulgences, which people donated money. Luther was protesting his ninety-five theses. He saw the practices as proof of how corrupt the church was. Luther challenged the church to defend itself. The ninety-five theses was an invitation to scholars. His challenge would capture a growing movement of protest and change Europe. This changed the world forever because this changed the way people thought of any religious ideas. He objected on indulgences. He did not believe in indulgences. He did not believe the Catholic Church had the power to...
Words: 445 - Pages: 2
...Term Paper Martin Luther By Austin Belger Easily one of the most influencial men to Christianity in the early 16th century was Martin Luther. Born in Germany 1483 to a lower class family where his father Hans Luther had made a little money in the mining industry. Knowing that he wanted better for his promising child he sent him to school to become a lawyer. At a school in Madgeburg, young Martin studied grammar, rhetoric, and logic. He later compared his time and experience there to “Purgatory and Hell”. In 1501 he went to the university of Erfurt where he continued his studies and got his masters degree in grammar, logic, rhetoric, and metaphysics. Now almost 20 year old Martin was well on his way to becoming a lawyer just as his father wanted for him. But in mid 1505, Martin got caught in a terrifying thunderstorm and that’s when he called out to St. Anne, the patron saint of miners, “Anne if you save me from this storm ill become a monk. And to his surprise the storm subsided and passed leaving Martin un-harmed. Some may say he already wanted to become a monk and be involved in Catholicism but that’s besides the fact that he was on his way of finish training to be in the monastery. Short after becoming a monk , Martin Luther wasn’t seeing the religious enlightenment happen for him like he had originally hoped for. So in an attempt to find salvation he was told to try and focus all his religious turmoil on Christ by a friend of his and it will sort it self out and get him...
Words: 610 - Pages: 3
...During the 16th and 17th centuries the Scientific Revolution flourished. While it gained many supporters it had it’s fair share of opponents. Religious controversy, especially with the Catholic Church, hindered the work of scientists by creating barriers to stop the spread of scientific ideas. But many leaders, such as King Louis XIV, supported science for their own political purposes, helping in its advance. Although there was widespread support for science, the norms of society crippled the strength and effectiveness of those who hoped to further and embrace scientific ideas. The Scientific Revolution led to new scientific discoveries that contradicted the set social ideas of the time. While these ideas were revolutionary, they went against what the church believed in and people were not open to embracing them. For many people, God was held higher than science and they took offense at these radical ideas - that science was higher than God. In fact, Giovanni Ciampoli, an Italian monk, wrote to Galileo telling him that he understood his ideas but that he should not share them publicly because people would not listen to him (Doc 3). As a prominent figure in religious circles of the time, Ciampoli's statement was effective in speaking for the opinions of other religious people. With revolution in scientific thought and discovery just starting to break out it’s shell, the still fresh ideas may have had some supporters but most still remained faithful to God. Unlike most religious...
Words: 844 - Pages: 4
...and detailed testimony aimed for the literate. The style resonates with Augustine’s Confessions (Augustine influenced Luther), therefore explaining Luther’s descriptive and emotional account of his coming to faith, as typical of a confessional. Paradoxically, the passage is a dogmatic account of his own ‘Pietism’. God is constantly mentioned, and complements theological terms, including sin, law...
Words: 824 - Pages: 4
...The Protestant Reformation officially began in 1517 when Martin Luther challenged the Roman Church. Martin Luther gave his ninety-five theses, that’s when The Reformation bought people to America, and The Reformation also helped establish the Constitution of the United States. The 16th century was given by God to be the time of reformation, and had prepared the Church in many ways for this reformation. Religious, economic and political factors. There were also groups outside the Roman Church that opposed the Church. Dozens of Protestant denominations were born of the Reformation. Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Church of Christ, and Mormons would influence the American Protestant Reformation. The Reformation was the greatest religious...
Words: 299 - Pages: 2
...The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement caused by leaders of different denominations in efforts of fighting the spread of ideologies that disproved many concepts the church preached and to attempt to revitalize the church as an establishment. The overlying message of the Second Great Awakening was a basic idea of individuals readmitting God into their daily life, and all forms of skepticism due to the new enlightened ideologies must be rejected because they threaten the faith. This movement caused groups such as Native Americans to have their own kind of revitalization where they let go of the white man’s ways and went back to practicing what their culture and religion teaches. As a result many Natives gave up whiskey, gambling, and other customs they derived from the white man, even though they did not restore their traditions completely they let go of customs that weren’t theirs. Similarly, The First Great Awakening occurred, due to the loss of faith in many American homes. Sensing that, many preachers saw the need of a revitalization to the church, so during their preachings they emphasized the importance of religion to the point where many were scared of losing their faith. The Second Great Awakening was a movement of great religious fervour in the 19th century, that captured the hearts of many Americans and caused them to reject enlightenment ideals. An effect of the second great Awakening was the push it gave certain groups such as the Natives to go back to their...
Words: 296 - Pages: 2
...In 1521 at the Diet of Worms, the Elector of Saxony decided to protect Martin Luther after the Holy Roman Emperor condemned him to death. The Elector’s political motive to harbor Luther is an example of how politics played a primary role in the spread of the religious Reformation. In Sixteenth-century Europe, the beginning of a religious Reformation started to spread, greatly aided by leaders who had political reasons to help new religions grow or were too busy to stop the spread of the Reformation. The Reformation swept across Europe primarily because those in authority had political reasons to adopt Protestantism or to ignore the its spread. Princes and rulers of German territorial states supported Luther because they wanted to weaken their...
Words: 801 - Pages: 4
...Martin Luther and the Ninety Five Theses Outline I. Introduction II. Who was Martin Luther? III. Martin Luther Calls for Reformation IV. A Short synopsis of the Ninety Five Theses V. Result of the Theses VI. Sources Consulted Introduction Martin Luther was the first person to translate and publish the Bible in the commonly-spoken dialect of the German people. Luther's hymns sparked the development of congregational singing in Christianity. His marriage, on June 13, 1525, to Katharina von Bora, a former nun, began the tradition of clerical marriage within several Christian traditions. Martin Luther was one of the most influential and compelling figures of Church history. Some of the most fundamental tenets of the Catholic Church were called into question by Luther, and lead to the greatest religious revolt in Church history, now known as the Protestant Reformation. Who Was Martin Luther? Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretta Luther on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He was baptized on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, for whom he was named. Martin’s childhood was one of abuse and uncompromising cruelty, “His father once beat him so mercilessly that he ran away from home …His mother, "on account of an insignificant nut, beat me till the blood flowed, and it was this harshness and severity of the life I led with them that forced me subsequently to run away to a monastery and become a monk." His...
Words: 2900 - Pages: 12
...Two Kinds of Righteousness Two Kinds of Righteousness is a sermon that Luther prepared in 1519, in which he discussed two different types of righteousness a person could have. First, there was the “alien righteousness”. This righteousness is given to you at birth and when you accept Christ as your Lord and savior and have been baptized; you believe that Jesus died on the cross for your sins and you believe that Christ lives in you. With these actions, it is said that you become as righteous as he and are covered by God’s grace. Faith is what drives this righteousness. The “alien righteousness” requires no work but is given to us, we have to nurture this faith and grow it through God’s word and carry it with us through life and abide by it through our everyday actions. We have choices and are expected to always make the godly choice because of our “alien righteousness”. Luther said that when our faith and knowledge in Christ grows our “alien righteousness” grows and is perfected at death. The second kind of righteousness is “proper righteousness”. This righteousness is judged by our works and how we treat our neighbor on a daily basis. Luther states that with “proper righteousness” it’s not at all about you, in fact, you hate yourself and love your neighbor. According to “proper righteousness,” you should not be jealous of your neighbor and their possessions or success. You should be happy for your neighbors and serve those that are less fortunate than you. “Proper righteousness”...
Words: 566 - Pages: 3
...Here's the latest news from Bible Gateway: • Get into the Thanksgiving spirit this holiday season! Give Thanks: Biblical Stories About Gratitude is our Thanksgiving-themed devotional that runs through the month of November, and features stories from the Bible that illustrate for us what it means to live a life of thankfulness and gratitude. Sign up here! • How has the ubiquity of mobile apps affected our Bible reading? Are people reading the Bible more or less in our age of ebooks and apps? We ran a poll to find out, and the results may surprise you. • Looking for a devotional you can read along with your entire family? Take a look at Streams in the Desert for Kids, a new weekly email devotional written especially for kids, and which works great as a family devotional. Have you signed up for our Thanksgiving devotional yet? It starts tomorrow (November 7), so there’s still time! Our Thanksgiving devotional is called Give Thanks: Biblical Stories About Gratitude. When you sign up, twice each week throughout November you’ll receive … Continue reading → Reformation Reading at Bible Gateway Looking to do some Reformation reading today? You may not realize it, but Bible Gateway’s got a strong library of Reformation-related material, all online and easily accessible. Here are some of our Reformation resources: The Geneva Bible: It seems fitting … Continue reading → Bible Gateway’s Rachel Barach at CNMAC13: Reimagining the Word in a Digital Age Bible Gateway’s...
Words: 472 - Pages: 2
...“Would the attitudes that came to characterize the American colonists have been possible without the Reformation – How did these ideas manifest themselves?” In 1557, a German priest by the name of Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on a church in the University town of Wittenberg. These 95 Theses accused the Church of worldliness and corruption. It was his attempt to rid the Church of the abusing of its power, with such things as the sale of indulgences. The Church would offer indulgences in the matter of forgiveness of all your sins, brother’s sins, mother sins for a price. This price would go to building the likes of the Roman Cathedral. Luther argued that the Lord Jesus Christ, by coming on Earth, by suffering and dying, had already paid for man’s salvation forever. God’s Mercy could not be bought. He insisted that all believers should read the Bible for themselves, rather than relying on priest to interpret it for them. A pastor by the name of John Calvin, also touched based on this subject but with his own little twist. He believed that everything was predestined. Therefore God already knew your sins, God already knew who the Kings and Queens would be. What you would get up and do tomorrow morning, was already decided by God. So how could anyone pay for forgiveness of sins that were already bestowed upon them? With the Reformation, European citizens started having different religious beliefs. The Catholic Church no longer monopolized the country. New churches...
Words: 765 - Pages: 4
...SEMINARY SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CAMPUS ILLUSTRATION #1: MARTIN LUTHER A WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT PRESENTED TO DR. CHRIS CHUN IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CHURCH HISTORY ll: REFORMATION TO THE PRESENT, L1111-21 BY Rodney Odom BOX # 125 BREA, CA January 23, 2016 Subject/Theme Possibilities: Courage, Faith, Transformation, Testimony, Leadership Text of the Illustration: Martin Luther became one of the most influential figures in Christian history when he began the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. He called into question some of the basic tenets of Roman Catholicism. Martin Luther nailed a sheet of paper with 95 theses on the university’s chapel door. His followers soon split from the Roman Catholic Church to begin the Protestant tradition. 5. The pope does not intend to remit, and cannot remit any penalties other than those which he has imposed either by his own authority or by that of the Canons.6. The pope cannot remit any guilt, except by declaring that it has been remitted by God and by assenting to God's remission; though, to be sure, he may grant remission in cases reserved to his judgment. If his right to grant remission in such cases were despised, the guilt would remain entirely unforgiven. Historical Context of the Illustration: In 1517, Pope Leo X announced a new round of indulgences to help build St. Peter’s Basilica. On October 31, 1517, an angry Martin Luther nailed a sheet of paper with 95 theses on the university’s...
Words: 363 - Pages: 2
