...Marketing 201 Chapter 1 Marketing is a process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships to capture value from customers in return. Needs: States of deprivation Wants: Form that needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality Demands: Wants backed by buying power Segmentation, targeting, demarketing. * Production concept is the idea that consumers will favour products that are available or highly affordable. * Product concept is the idea that consumers will favour products that offer the most quality, performance, and features. * Selling concept is the idea that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. * Marketing concept is the idea that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of the target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. * Societal marketing long-term interests, and society’s long-run interests. Marketing mix: Place, promotion, product, price * An integrated marketing program is a comprehensive plan that communicates and delivers the intended value to chosen customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) : building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction * Customer’s perceived value * Customer satisfaction: product’s perceived performance matches...
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...Contents Kandungan 2 Chairman’s Message 11 Operations Review 24 26 28 41 54 Financial Highlights Five Years Group Financial Data Board Of Directors & Profiles Statement On Corporate Governance Statement On Director’s Responsibility In Relation To The Financial Statement 54 56 64 Additional Compliance Statement Board Audit Committee Report Statement On Internal Controls 2 Perutusan Pengerusi 11 Ulasan Operasi 24 Pencapaian Kewangan 26 Data Kewangan Lima Tahun Kumpulan 28 Lembaga Pengarah & Profil 41 Penyata Tadbir Urus Korporat 54 Penyata Tanggungjawab Pengarah Berhubung dengan Penyata Kewangan 54 Penyata Pematuhan Tambahan 56 Laporan Lembaga Jawatankuasa Audit 64 Penyata Kawalan Dalaman 67 Peristiwa-peristiwa Penting Tahun 2002 72 Maklumat Korporat 67 Event Highlights Of The Year 72 Corporate Information 76 Group Corporate Structure 81 Directors' Report 84 Statement By Directors 84 Statutory Declaration 85 Auditors' Report 86 Income Statements 87 Balance Sheets 88 Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity 89 Statement Of Changes In Equity 90 Cash Flow Statements 92 Notes To Financial Statements 138 Group's Held Properties 144 Statistics On Shareholding 218 Notice of Annual General Meeting 227 Statement Accompanying Notice Of Annual General Meering 231 Form of Proxy 76 Struktur Kumpulan 151 Laporan Para Pengarah 154 Penyata Para Pengarah 154 Akuan Berkanun 155 Laporan Juruaudit 156 Penyata Pendapatan 157 Lembaran Imbangan 158 Penyata Perubahan Dalam Ekuiti Disatukan 159 Penyata...
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...2012 Doing business in a more transparent world C O M PA R I N G R E G U L AT I O N F O R D O M E S T I C F I R M S I N 1 8 3 E C O N O M I E S © 2012 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 08 07 06 05 A copublication of The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818...
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