...Com 1020 Assignment 2 Introduction Mass communication is the variety of all the media mediums together, and is aimed at a large audience. A ritual view is directed not towards the addition of messages in space but the maintenance of society in time, not the act of imparting information or influence but the creation, representation, and celebration of shared even if illusory beliefs, James,(1988: 43). This essay will discuss how mass communications has transformed the temporal and spatial foundations of the social-sphere. This essay will start by defining the key terms which are communication, mass communication, and the para-social. The separation of social space from the physical place by mass communications, time and space and mass communications will also be discussed in the essay. The para-social interactions, how mass communications transformed the temporal and spatial foundations of the social sphere will then follow. The ritual dimensions of communication will also be discussed, the essay will then sum up the essay and give the researcher’s opinion. Definition of key terms Communication refers to the transmission of meaningful messages; these messages are conveyed in images, language, gestures, or other symbols. Thompson. (1997:30) Anthony R, (2004), defines mass communication as the process in which professional communicators design and use media to disseminate messages widely, rapidly, and continuously in order to arouse intended meanings in large...
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...Purpose – reason. * Is to promote the artists and the song. * Convey ideas about the meaning of the song MTV – august 1st 1986 first time airing. After a while, people realised that music videos created a lot of money. This meant the videos on MTV were earning a lot more than ones that didn’t. “VIDEO KILLED THE RADIO STAR” MTV is an outlet of music/video. And the more outlets a music group/ artist has, the greater their success will likely be. Examples of outlets: MTV Direct DVD sales Cinema TV Another huge event was the 13minute music video for Michael Jacksons “thriller” After thriller, “dire straits, money for nothing “ became the most popular. 1987 - 1.6million homes reached. Furthermore at the end of 1987, peter Gabriel’s sledgehammer. After a while, more people became away that “star image” (looks) was extremely 1987- 1989 – MTV had reached 6.7million homes. 1990 – MTV UNPLUGGED. * Music videos can promote directors as well as they gain artistic credibility. SYNERGY – Music and TV - e.g 8 mile, Eminem Product placement – Lady GaGa Record Label / producer Lesson two: 1981-1991 – “rise of the directors” Chris cullingum – very strange yet artistic videos for music. Style – the way in which something is said or done Styles of music videos: * Interpretive * In-concert “as live” * Animation (stop motion, digital) * Narrative * Surrealist...
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... What are 'moral panics'? Hayley Burns If we do not take steps to preserve the purity of blood, the Jew will destroy civilisation by poisoning us all. (Hitler, 1938) Surely if the human race is under threat, it is entirely reasonable to segregate AIDS victims, otherwise the whole of mankind could be engulfed. (The Daily Star, 2 December 1988) Although an extreme illustration, the above quotes serve to set up the creation of a 'moral panic'. Just as Hitler's 'facts' were unfounded, so too were The Daily Star and what resulted from both incidents was, in effect, the persecution of two minority groups within society. Hitler's quote stemmed from the use of propaganda, and although it would be fair to say that the essence of what is termed 'propaganda' does not exist in such a force today, it is nevertheless evident that what was quoted from The Daily Star is tantamount to propaganda. Throughout history, the mass media industry has been utilised as a tool to appeal to the public at large, particularly in the field of politics, where people in a position of power can tempt society into believing what they want them to believe. As Eldridge describes "The media, wittingly or unwittingly, reproduce the definitions of the powerful." [Eldridge 1997: 65] This document will examine not only the essence and origin of the term 'moral panic' but the very important nature of the media's involvement in the whole process of creating a 'moral panic'. It was Stanley Cohen, in his work, Folk Devils...
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...Brainwashed and Not Understanding Gustavis Martin Liberty U APA Everyday our children are becoming more and more exposed to negativity as a result of the media and electronic devices. Most parents do not realize the danger our kids are placed in from this mass exposure. In today’s society our children can be brainwashed excessive time listening to certain music on the radio, watching certain television programs and playing some types of video games and other social media outlets by wanting to emulate what they see, read and hear. Much of this is leading to hazards to their mental and physical health. It is really an epidemic which can only be stopped by parents and other responsible adults gaining an understanding of the technology and devices our kids use, and learning what should be censored. [pic] So much of the music on the radio contains large amounts of cursing, with the lyrics requiring to be beeped out. This situation is worsened with our kids listening to these same songs on their iPods, mp3’s, Zune, etc. A majority, if not all, of the music on the devices will have cursing, derogatory sayings, and violent references that parents and other adults would not want their children to hear on a regular basis, but continue to let them do so mostly because of a lack of knowledge about how to use this technology. Though rap is not the only genre of music which frequently includes these concerns, it is a prime example. It is stated...
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...politically conscious, funk/psych influences, SUPERFLY Love’s Theme – The Love Unlimited Orchestra * Basis of disco string use, surprise hit for album, “Bad Girls” – Donna Summers * Queen of Disco, shit load of hits, Staying Alive – The Bee Gees * Contrast of machisimo and vocals, earlier a rock band, huge hit Search and Destroy – Iggy Pop & The Stooges * Punk, DIY attitude, stage diving, signed with MC5, Detroit, early punk Horses – The Patti Smith Group * Influential to Uk punk, female punk movement, CBGB Blitzkrieg Bop – The Ramones * Power chords, dirty, New York, short songs, CBGB Anarchy in the UK – The Sex Pistols * SEX, socio-economic condition, class tensions, Malcom McLaren, only lasted 3 years, media stunts, dropped by their label, inspired a ton of punk bands God Save The Queen – The Sex Pistols * Banned in the Uk, performed on a boat, London Calling – The Clash * Wider array of influences, more political, greater sound diversity, more new wave than punk Heart...
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...Hegemony, Cultural Hegemony, and The Americanization of Imported Media Kerry Manderbach University of Missouri @ St. Louis COMM 6700 Dr. Alice Hall April 10th, 2012 Abstract Media product from the United States has found its way across the four corners of the Earth beginning early in the last century. Films, television programs, music, and printed materials depicting and reinforcing the American way of life have been the predominant form of mass communication and have in turn influenced people from around the world in political, religious and cultural matters. When this effect becomes pronounced due to American media product dominating the local mass communications industry of another nation, it is called cultural hegemony. However, the same effect is not felt in the importation of international media into the U.S. market. Here, most foreign cultural and political meanings are replaced with “Americanized” thought through audio soundtrack dubbing and other methods. This is most often done for commercial purposes rather than any nefarious plot to keep Americans from learning about other cultures. But the effect ends up the same. Here I present some examples from the past and present… Hegemony is defined in our classroom handouts as, “…a means of convincing the audience to accept the existing power structure” (Hall 2012). Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Marxist, developed the modern concepts of hegemony and its variant, cultural hegemony. Jim Glassman (2012) said, “Gramsci’s...
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...rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry. Labor force: 7.4 million; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur. Exports: $38 billion (2009): crude oil (83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%). Imports: $55.4 billion (2009): food, medicine, manufactures. Major trading partners: U.S., Spain, Italy, Canada, Syria, Turkey, Jordan (2006). Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 1.547 million (2005); mobile cellular: 10.9 million (2007). Radio broadcast stations: after 17 months of unregulated media growth, there are approximately 80 radio stations on the air inside Iraq (2004). Television broadcast stations: 21 (2004). Internet hosts: 3 Internet users: 36,000 (2007). Transportation: Railways: total: 2,272 km (2006). Highways: total: 45,550 km; paved: 38,399 km; unpaved: 7,151 km (1999). Waterways: 5,279 km (not all navigable); note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,895 km), and Third River (565 km) are principal waterways (2006). Ports and...
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...Studies have shown that a vast majority of music videos today have a negative impact on adolescents. These videos have a large influence on how teens view themes such as sex, drugs, violence and even influence their behaviors like how they see themselves and how they think they should fit in by establishing gender stereotypes. These themes are very dangerous as most of today’s youth get their information from the media. While some music videos are seen as an art form, they force much of today’s teens to hold very unrealistic views of life by skewing what their priorities and goals should be. Today’s music and its videos have a huge influence on many factors of a young adolescent’s life. One aspect in particular is sex. Studies have shown that sexual content appears in more than 75% of the videos being viewed (Ashby, 2005). Needless to say, this is a very high exposure of sexual content in music videos. The dangerous part of this is that young impressionable minds are viewing these videos and getting most of their information about sex and life decisions from the media instead of from parents. The danger is shown in other studies, such as one in which some students were shown some music videos from MTV before taking a survey were much more likely to approve of premarital sex than the other half of the students that did not view the content before the survey (Ashby, 2005). These learned behaviors can lead to terrible consequences such as STD’s and pregnancy. A very real example...
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...Cuerdo, Ruth Ann P. Media Killings under the Culture of Impunity in the Philippines Freedom of Expression and the Media “Everyone has the right to freedom of expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers” according to Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Ideally that was the case, but what happens when this right to freedom becomes hampered in a country that was ironically deemed as being the freest in Asia. The Philippine media has been known for its “long tradition of respect for free expression” which we could be traced back during the American period of administration where the freedom of the press was said to be recognized (Pineda-Ofreneo, as cited in ARTICLE 19 & Center for Media Freedom & Responsibility [CMFR], 2005). This commitment to free expression, right to information and freedom of the press was then continued in the first Philippine Republic (Malolos Constitution in 1899) that was about more than a hundred years ago, and was expanded through the succeeding Constitutions in the country (Teodoro & Kabatay, cited in ARTICLE 19 & CMFR, 2005). However, regardless of the having a liberal tradition along with liberal laws, still there was no guarantee for the full exercise of the freedom of expression and the freedom of the press, as it was also challenged...
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...1 COM 3702 MEDIA STUDIES Policy management and media representation Semester 1,2014 Student number : 3356-7514 2 I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the works or publications of others have been acknowledged by mean of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/301, regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Name: Bonita Europa Student Number: 33567514 Date: 2014/05/06 Assignment Number: PORTFOLIO EXAM 892092 Witness: Clint Newkirk 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 MEDIA POLICY AND REGULATION 1.1 History of communication policy 1.1.1 Emerging communications industry policy 1.1.2 Public service media policy 1.1.3 New communications policy 1.2 Freedom of the media 1.2.1 The need for freedom of speech 1.2.2 Threats to it 1.2.3 If, how and why such threats can or cannot be motivate 2 MEDIA MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA MARKETS 2.1 Media concentration 2.1.1 The relationship of competition to concentration 2.1.2 The dual nature of the media industry 2.1.3 The four forms of concentration 2.1.4 The dangers of concentration 2.1.5 Positive externalities of the media 3 REPRESENTATION AND THE MEDIA 3.1 Media representation of race 3.1.1 Discussion 3.1.2 Brief explanation of the meaning whiteness 3.2 Media representation of violence 3.2.1 An introductory thesis (argument) 3.2.2 Define and explain representation, violence and moral panics 3.2.3...
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...Environmental Factors Paper Student Name MKT/421 June 10, 2014 Instructor Name Environmental Factors Paper Invented in 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist, Coca-Cola went on to become the world’s #1 selling sparkling beverage. Frank Robinson, who was Dr. Pemberton’s partner and bookkeeper, named the new beverage and designed the distinctive lettering which is still in use ("Coca-Cola History", n.d.). In 1916, it was decided there was a need to develop a bottle to set Coca-Cola beverages apart from imitators, and so the unique contoured bottle was born ("Coca-Cola History", n.d.). The distinctive lettering and unique bottle combined to form a highly recognizable and often used trademark. Fast forward 127 years, over 3,500 Coca-Cola products are available in over 200 countries ("Our Company", 2014), meaning the Coca-Cola Company is successful at considering the various effects and influences pertaining to global and domestic marketing. * Global Economic Interdependence, Trade Practices and Agreements * In many cases, foreign countries and their economies rely on each other more than ever. Some countries have an abundance of natural resources or raw building materials, while others focus on agriculture as the main source of their gross domestic product. This simple fact affects supply and demand for both types of countries. Country A needs oil and Country B supplies them with it. Country B needs produce items and Country A supplies them with it. Coca-Cola...
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...Harassment: The effects of “eve teasing” on development in Bangladesh The Hunger Project • 5 Union Square West • New York, NY 10003 • www.thp.org Imagine for a moment that you are an eleven year old girl in Bangladesh. After helping your mother cook and serve breakfast, you are preparing for school. You should be excited. You like learning and school provides a reprieve from the drudgery of household chores. But you are not excited. Instead, you are filled with dread. That is because every day, on the long walk from your house to school, you are surrounded and teased by a group of boys. The boys yell indecent things at you. They laugh. They push, pinch, and grab at you. Sometimes they pull at your clothes so violently that you are afraid they will be ripped right off of your body. By the time you get to school, your face is hot with humiliation and your eyes sting with the fear that you will have to go through the whole thing again on the walk home. *** The Insidious Everyday Reality Sexual harassment, often known as “eve teasing”, is a regular occurrence for the women and girls of Bangladesh. A recent study by the Bangladesh National Women Lawyers’ Association (BNWLA) showed that almost 90 percent of girls aged 10-18 have undergone the experience. The harassment can take a variety of forms and the perpetrators come from multiple walks of life; they are rich and poor, educated and uneducated; according to the BNWLA study, teenage boys, rickshaw pullers, bus drivers...
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...Chapter 6: Communication Chapter Outline 1. Introduction of topics and concepts to be discussed in the chapter. a. Mission b. Principles i. Customer Focus ii. Leadership Commitment iii. Inclusion of Communications in Planning and Operations iv. Information Collection, Analysis and Dissemination v. Media Partnership c. Conclusion 2. Case Studies a. Risk Communication During the Washington D.C. Sniper Crisis b. The Homeland Security Advisory System c. A Comparison of Leadership Between Two Outbreaks of Smallpox in the United States: New York City, 1947, and Milwaukee, 1894 3. Additional Sources of Information 4. Glossary of Terms 5. Acronyms 6. Discussion Questions a. General b. Washington, DC Sniper c. Homeland Security Advisory System d. Smallpox Outbreaks 7. Suggested Out of Class Exercises Introduction Communications has become an increasingly critical function in emergency management. The dissemination of timely and accurate information to the general public, elected and community officials and the media plays a major role in the effective management of disaster response and recovery activities. Communicating preparedness, prevention and mitigation information promotes actions that reduce the risk of future disasters. Communicating policies, goals and priorities to staff, partners and participants enhances support and promotes a more efficient disaster...
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...Summary The man-apes of the world, who lived by gathering berries and nuts, were facing a lack of food. A giant monolith appeared on Earth one day and began to experiment with many of them, probing and developing their minds. Among those in whom the monolith took an interest was Moon-Watcher, the only man-ape who walked fully upright. At night, a few select man-apes were taught and during the day, they innovated. Moon-Watcher discovered that he could fashion tools with which to kill animals for sustenance—the man-apes' hunger problem was solved. Time passed and the man-ape evolved. His brain grew, he invented language and organized into civilizations, and he invented weapons—first knives, but then guns and finally nuclear missiles. Such innovations had been central in man's dominion over earth, but "as long as they existed, he was living on borrowed time." Eager to embark on another space mission, Dr. Heywood Floyd arrived at the Florida launch location after meeting with the president. He offered no comment to the press, nor would he reveal the details of mission to the crew that served him so faithfully on board or to his Russian friend whom he encounters at the joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. space station, a stop on his journey to the Moon. Upon his arrival, Floyd is greeted by a top official of the Moon colony and whisked off to a meeting. A lead scientist explains that they had found a magnetic disturbance in Tycho, one of the Moon's craters. An examination of the area had revealed...
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...Croft, Lady Gaga and Madonna for example could be identified as post feminist icons as they exhibit the stereotypical characteristics of both the male and female strength, courage, control and logic but also are willing to be sexualized for the male gaze. This control element of their own representation is crucial in understanding the theory". Baudrillard Hyper Reality: "Some texts are difficult to distinguish in terms of the representation of reality from a simulation of reality e.g. Big Brother. The boundaries are blurred as codes and conventions create a set of signifiers which we understand but in fact the representation is a copy of a copy". Uses and Gratifications Theory: "Different audiences gain different pleasures from a media text e.g. Gravity can be enjoyed via diversion or escapism, it can use surveillance to give information to audiences and can also be discussed on forums and blogs as a form of developing personal relationships(common also in video games). Personal identity can be developed with audiences who relate to certain characters more than others". Blumler and Katz (Audience Theory) Carol Clover...
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