...Media Consumers Team report, IMMAA 2007 © Media Management Center Media Team Members • John Lavine John Lavine • Mary Alice Shaver • Phil Napoli Phil Napoli • Ed Malthouse Ed Malthouse • Bob Calder • Limor Peer • Rich Gordon • Sora Park © Media Management Center Media Recent Studies in U.S. • PEW, Biennial Media Consumption PEW, Survey, 2006 Survey, • Ball State, Middletown Studies, 2006 • State of the Media, 2006 • Center for Digital Future, USC, 2005 • Carnegie Corporation, “Abandoning the Carnegie News,” 2005 News,” © Media Management Center Media Main Conclusions • Use increases for all media – media day Use • News online growing, though slowed, News supplementing other news sources supplementing • Young people moving away from Young traditional sources of news traditional • Young people - 20 media hours in 7 Young 20 clock hours daily clock © Media Management Center Media Team Approach • Beyond descriptive studies – what are Beyond what the important questions to ask? the • Focusing on three main areas: – Defining audience – Audience measurement – Historical & critical perspectives © Media Management Center Media Defining media audience • What do we need to know about What audience? audience? • Who benefits from certain definitions of Who audience? audience? © Media Management Center Media Defining media audience • Napoli: Different ways audiences are Different perceived and...
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...Chapter 1 – Mass Communications: A Critical Approach Culture and the Evolution of Mass Communication * Culture * can be narrowly associated with art – forms of expression such as music or painting that provide enlightenment or insight * can also be viewed as a broader category that includes the entire spectrum of ways that people express themselves at particular historical times * including art, beliefs, customs, games, technologies, traditions, and institutions * it also encompasses modes of communication * the process of creating symbol systems that convey information and meaning * is made up of the products a society makes and the processes that create those products * can be defined as the symbols of expression that groups and societies use to make sense of daily life and to articulate their values * Mass media – the cultural industries and channels of communication – can then be seen as the distributors of culture. * the history of mass media can be traced through five main eras: * oral * written * print * electronic * digital * Mass communication – the process of delivering cultural messages to large and diverse audiences through media channels. Oral and Written Forms Begin the Dialogue * The oral and written ears spanned many centuries, from around 1000 BC to the mid-fifteenth century. * Knowledge was passed along through word of mouth ...
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...Learning from Mass Media Campaigns for HIV/AIDS Prevention Reviews of mass media campaigns have a special interest for me. They demonstrate what can be done, and as importantly, what cannot be done, by relying on a 1P approach. I have talked about the 5% Solution before, and noted another review of mass media campaigns for changing health behaviors. This post focuses on the findings from a review of recent campaigns to prevent HIV/AIDS. What is interesting in this report are the comparisons it draws to reviews of earlier campaigns in this area as well as the current state of the art and science. The authors used seven principles to guide their analysis: (1) conducting formative research on and about the target audience; (2) using theory as a conceptual foundation; (3) segmenting one’s audience into meaningful subgroups; (4) using a message design approach that is targeted to the audience segment(s); (5) utilizing effective channels widely viewed by and persuasive with the target audience; (6) conducting process evaluation and ensuring high message exposure; and (7) using a sensitive outcome evaluation design that reduces threats to internal validity and allows causal inferences about campaign impact to be made. The question they explore is: to what extent have recent HIV/AIDS campaigns in the literature adhered to these principles? Noar et al (2009) began with a search of peer-reviewed articles appearing from late 1998 through October 2007. Mass media had to be a central or...
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...eye of the beholder” but what if the beholder’s vision is blurred? The media today dictates what is beautiful, and these standards are so high that they are impossible to reach. Both Camille Paglia and Daniel Akst point this out in their essays about the effects these standards have on the general population. Paglia uses an appeal to the emotion of her upper-class middle-aged women audience who may choose plastic surgery as a method to stay beautiful whereas Akst uses all forms of rhetorical devices to appeal to everyone in defining what beauty truly is. Camille Paglia, Yale graduate and professor of humanities and media studies at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, says in her essay “The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery” depicts the belief in the beauty of uniformity. Women have a belief that if they don’t look a certain way, then they are not beautiful, so they turn to plastic surgery. In an excerpt from her essay, Paglia shows us this example of a media sex icon “...Amazonian superheroines like Lara Croft: large breasts with a flat midriff and lean hips, a hormonally anomalous profile that few women can attain without surgical intervention or liposuction” (793). What Paglia attempts to accomplish with this essay is to appeal to the emotions of these women, so that they will not lose identity in this sea of uniformity. But woman are constantly having to compete with the young and sexy media icons and turn to things like botox. However, the need to be forever young...
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...What is Media Determinism? The concept of Media determinism is so closely associated with technological determinism, it may be helpful to first consider a definition of technology. At its most basic level, technology was defined by Monsma (1986), who used the Greek word technologia, to mean, "the systematic treatment of an art." Monsma also made reference to Rhetoric in which Aristotle used technique to refer to "a systematic treatment of grammar or speech" (p. 11). In the forward to The Technological SocietyRobert Merton defined technique as, "any complex of standardized means for attaining a predetermined result" (p. vi). Jacques Ellul (1964) defined technique as "the totality of methods rationally arrived at and having absolute efficiency in every field of human activity" (p. xxv). Ellul also offered communication theorist H. D. Lasswell's definition of technique as, "the ensemble of practices by which one uses available resources to achieve certain valued ends" (p. 18).Determinism is a philosophical system, mainly concerned with axiological issues, for analyzing cause and effect and the individual's freedom to choose. The spectrum ranges from existentialism on one extreme, to fatalism on the other (Hunnex, 1986), or from libertarianism to hard determinism (Geisler, 1980). * Hard Determinism: Hard determinists hold that the universe is rational and that cause and effect relationships permit us to know future effects with certainty. The ethical issues raised by questions...
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... INTRODUCTION This paper aims to describe and analyze the main theoretical currents of communication in Latin America from two main aspects: first, the current state of research and production on the subject exists in some Latin American countries and on the other, the sense that scores from the beginning of the last decade, the curriculum reform in schools of communication in Latin America and, consequently, in the definition of the subject matter of the communication. Since the nineties, academic and research application of the theory of communication in Latin America has experienced a renewal, healthy and necessary overcoming change. This change starts mainly from overcoming the tendency to ascribe the declining communication studies to a single discipline and go creating a growing awareness of their status and disciplinary forms revolutionize approaches to the analysis and production, dissemination and reception the message. These changes, in fact, the main underlying theoretical and communication research in Latin America current. ANTONIO PASQUALI Arnaldo Antonio Pasquali Greco, born in Rovato, Italy; on June 20, 1929, is a Venezuelan social communicator. He is considered one of the introducers of thought in Latin America Communication underlying theoretical sources of the Frankfurt School. To Pasquali, humans develop the ability to communicate in the highest degree, as a means of interaction, discovery of the presence of the "other." Communication...
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...“Whoever controls the media, controls the mind “ Jim Morrison Media Studies Course Outline Media Studies Core Concepts Media Studies Assessment Checklist COURSE OUTLINE “The media’s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and the guilty innocent, and that’s power. Because they control the minds of the masses.” Malcolm X Mass communication to Everyone. Disseminating Information to a wide Audience. What is Media? The media is the means of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television and film. The media disseminates meaning to a mass audience. The word media is derived from the Latin “medium”, which means “an agency; or the way something is communicated or expressed”. What is Media Studies? Media Studies is the study of how meaning is created and disseminated through the media. The media that are studied are those of mass, rather than interpersonal communication, such as mobile phones. The media texts may be newspapers or magazines, television or radio programmes, cinema films, advertisements, music videos and websites. The range of media texts will cover fiction and non-fiction, such as Donnie Darko, Bowling For Columbine, The Simpsons, and Nike adverts. Media is a construct; messages are being mediated and a point of view communicated, even where the events seem at their most ‘raw’ and direct. This course will enable you to...
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...expand its customer base with new marketing ideas. McBride Financial current mission is to be the preeminent provider of low cost mortgage services using state-of-the-art technology in the five state areas of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota ("Mcbride Financial Services", 2011). They target professionals purchasing a primary or secondary residences, retirees, or Families purchasing recreational properties. This paper will cover the research, types of media, target markets, and use of the internet for McBride Financial Services to accomplish their marketing goals. Research will need to take place on the goals of McBride Financial Services marketing campaign. The research is important to all the company to be able to study and design a campaign to effectively target their audience. Data needs to be collected on the current and historic sales or accounts that have been sold, and this can be completed with a tracking system to effectively collect this data based on their goals. Key points of the collected data are the targeted audience they are looking for, how they heard about the company, and how they were sold the merchant account. With researching the data they already have, they can put it to good use to repeatedly reach out to the correct audience and complete the sale. The media McBride Financial Services will use for the new marking campaign depends on the audience to be able to effectively reach out to them and get their attention. As...
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...Unit 2 June 2016 A-Level Media Studies Advanced Subsidiary Examination Unit 2 MEST2 Creating Media Production Briefs To release to students on or after 1 June 2015 All teacher-assessed marks to be returned to AQA by 15 May 2016 Instructions • • • • • Overleaf you will find three Production Briefs. Each brief contains instructions for three separate tasks, each requiring you to work in different media platforms – Broadcasting, Print and e-Media. Read the briefs carefully. You should select one brief. You should then produce the material indicated for two of the tasks from your chosen brief. Information • • • You are reminded that the Production Process comprises the following: — Research — Pre-production — Production — Evaluation (1500 words) The maximum mark for this paper is 80. You will be marked on your ability to: — use good English — organise information clearly — use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Production Brief MEST2 Read the scenarios. Choose one brief and complete two tasks on that brief. You should attempt to integrate the productions across the two chosen platforms where possible. Brief One You have decided to enter a competition being run by your local arts cinema, The Little Picturehouse. This cinema, which is part of a small chain of 12 independent arts cinemas across the country, shows a mixture of independent, foreign language and documentary films. The company prides itself on...
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...ABRIDGED GIVING WINGS TO WORLD ECONOMIC RECOVERY THROUGH MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION INNOVATIONS. BY DR ISAH MOMOH, 16 AUGUST, 2011 Tels: 234 803 196 1363; 802 325 8362; 809 569 3433 Email: imomoh@smc.edu.ng; isahmomoh3@yahoo.com; isahmomoh@gmail.com. School of Media and Communication (SMC) Pan African University, 2 Ahmed Onibudo Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria Tels: 01 4616170-2; 2711617-20 Email: info@smc.edu.ng Abstract This paper posits that the current economic recovery of the world from the recent economic melt down is largely due more to more honest, humble and sincere forms of communication and similar changes in the global information system. It holds that the pace and strength of recovery and its sustenance would be accelerated by innovations in global communication and information systems as well as orientation towards more honesty, consideration and concern for the world as one global economic, political and environmental system of linked and inter-dependent parts. Traditionally, journalism and mass communication as a whole demand that news and all professional communications be truthful and factual. They require that opinions be clearly stated and separated from facts through the doctrine that “facts are sacred” and “opinions are free”. It has also been the tradition, under the developmental communication theory to insist that news and professional communications as reports...
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...Reality TV - unique cultural product In the attempt to fully historicize Reality TV we should always have in mind the format, the social dimensions in which it was created, and its effects. Decades ago it would have been hard to imagine that we would be thinking that our attitudes for defining reality would be mediated by a media format. The complex field of defining reality through the scope of contemporary media is inherently connected to the cultural code of the media imperialism. In our attempts to deconstruct reality through the prism of television erudition we stand upon the challenge to ask what is real today and what will not be real tomorrow? Baudrilard would answer this question in different terms suggesting that reality merely...
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...Canadian-American feminist media critic, blogger, and public speaker. She is the founder of Feminist Frequency, a website that hosts videos and commentary analyzing portrayals of women in popular culture. She has received particular attention for her video series Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, which examines tropes in the depiction of female video game characters. In 2012, Sarkeesian was targeted by an online harassment campaign following her launch of a Kickstarter project to fund the Tropes vs. Women in Video Games series. At the same time, supporters donated almost $160,000 to the project, far beyond the $6,000 she had sought. The situation was covered extensively in the media, placing Sarkeesian at the center of...
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...Theories of Communication – MCM 511 VU LESSON 01 COMMUNICATION Defining communication Communication is seen as central to our everyday ideas about what makes life worth living. It is not surprising that academicians have attempted to unravel the secrets of the communication process. In this section of the study we will examine the theorizing and theories of this discipline of communication. To understand communication theory we need to understand the nature of communication. Nature of communication People define terms in different ways, and those differences in definition can have a profound impact on the extent to which we understand each other and the way we move forward with both academic and everyday pursuits. Given the variety of ways in which words are used and understood, we are often ill-served to search for the single, so-called correct definition of a term. In other words, it is better to evaluate definition in terms of their utility rather than in terms of their correctness. So we should not assume that there is always a single right way to define a concept. There is a great deal of variation in the definitions. Some are very abstract and some are extremely specific. Few definitions are cited below. Communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal) to modify the behavior of other individuals (the audience). (Hovland Janis and Kelly in 1953) Communication is the process by which we understand others and in turn...
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...Digital Media Matthew McCormick Course # Com/225 May 20, 2013 Maurice Nelson Digital Media Technology has molded the electronic and digital industry into what it is today. Society is dependent and addicted to technology and the potential to make life easier through it. Research for school projects is no longer spent with hours in the library, reading and taking notes, or combing through dictionaries and encyclopedias. Students now have the internet, where with one click they have access to a whole world of information, and they can do it anywhere in the world. Road trips are traveled by GPS not through hours of route planning in a map. Television is sought at more now than ever by kids in place of playing outside. Photography has made major improvements when discussing technology. In 1826, Joseph Niepce, a French inventor, discovered the first way to capture images. Using a pewter plate and some light sensitive materials, he was able to capture the first picture. It took 8 hours of sun light exposure to capture the first picture, the courtyard of his home (Karwatka, 2007). Today, you can take a high quality digital picture instantly, virtually anywhere, with almost any electronic device. Recording sound has also had to evolve with technology. Thomas Edison invented the first recording device in 1877. He named his device the phonograph, meaning sound writer (Lerner, 2008). He used a cylinder wrapped in tinfoil that rotated as someone shouted into a funnel...
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...The Changes Of Media Media changes drastically over short periods of time. Just in the past ten years it has become much more advanced and useful for people all around the world. There has been an extreme advance in media technology. This includes the creation of analog-to-digital converters, technology convergence, and the changes in the media industry and audiences. There have been advances in the way gatekeeping and content filters are handled. The rise in the technology of books has even been so great that there has been a decrease in the annual sales by 44 million books. With the ascending spiral of technology the world of media will be a great place for the future. Analog media has been used originally for audio recording for media that was analogous for the sound that it was creating. Although, recently Analog media has been used to refer to non-digitized media, such as film, audio, print media, etc. Since technology has advanced and become dependent on computers analog has been translated into digital media so that it is in computer and machine-readable form. It is put into binary digits so that computers may read and comprehend it. This process in which media is translated into computer-readable is called digitization. Communication of media has been transferring from the traditional analog media to the newer aged digital media. This is much more convenient in this new age because people have learned to depend on their computers to do work. When dealing with audio...
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