...The media is the biggest source of political information that the general public is exposed to on a daily bases. Thus creating relationship that influences the political and voting behavior of the public. The studies done on the relationship of the media and voting (Hayes, 2009; Hopmann, Renes, Clases, & Albaek, 2010; Donatella, Pasquino, Vaccari, 2008) demonstrated that the strongest media impact was upon the politically unknowledgeable and the undecided voting public. However, a few more studies (Matthijs & DeVreese, 2008; Freedman & Goldstein, 1999; Hayes, 2009; Pinkleton, Austin, & Fortman, 1998; Tworzecki & Semetko, 2009) have been conducted looking at the impacts of negative campaign or political message content on the public’s voting...
Words: 1314 - Pages: 6
...Is Negative or ‘Attack’ Advertising at effective tool in of Political engagement and mobilization? There are assault ads, conveying the simple message over and over, that Brand X, the rival, is a cheesy piece of goods, won’t hold up, has to be cranked by hand… This is the model for not just our commercial product sales but, rather more vigorously, for our political campaigns as well… we have gradually just gotten used to them. Its not so much that I am wonderful the candidate explains, as the opponent is a lying, cowardly, two faced cheat and con artist. (Pulitzer Prize winner and Washington Post columnist Meg Greenfield, 1995) Whether through print or television media, advertising affects behaviour. A key tool of political parties, it has been used to win support during critical governmental assessment or change, and engage the susceptible electorate to participate in the political process. Yet, where features such as wit, charisma or aptitude have been emphasized and admired, the intemperance of political campaigning has also drawn out a negative side, one that seeks to cast a damaging shadow on any opposition in order to attain the support of the majority. The types of political message given out by both politicians and the media vary in how they are constructed and what they intend to achieve, and despite widespread criticism surrounding its ethical fragilities, attack politics in particular have become a fundamental component of any political campaign and evidence...
Words: 3099 - Pages: 13
...THE MEDIUM WHICH LEADS LIVES: TV The Initiative Media (1997) stated that in Turkey, “The average television viewing time is 300 min per day, compared to 180 min average television viewing in Europe (cited in Uray&Burnaz, 2003). As it is inferred from the statistics, television is one of the leading mediums of media; thereby it has a formidable force on society. It can easily leave an impression on society and shape audience’s ideas about any issue such as gender roles and the social mores. As TV’s effect on gender roles are comprehensively examined, it is observed that it does more harm than good for society; since TV restrains women from having careers by showing them as inappropriate and insufficiently qualified for some quantitative occupations, changes family dynamics, and blocks women’s success in politics despite being a non-quantitative field. On the other hand, it has a good effect on gender roles that it removes strict boundaries between genders. The first of harmful effects of TV on society is that TV has a power to shape audience’s ideas about women’s and men’s abilities, and impose on society that women are less skillful than men in the workplace, especially in quantitative fields. If the ideas that females are less successful than males, and their male counterparts better-qualified in quantitative fields are transmitted through TV advertisements and series, the public’s ideas will change in a linear way with the TV says. For example, when almost no female is depicted...
Words: 1343 - Pages: 6
... pg 122). Stereotypes are created based on some idea of abstract familiarity. A stereotype can be deemed 'positive', or 'negative'. Concepts of stereotype are rarely invoked in instances of positive stereotypes. This paper will explore the stereotypes and rhetoric that are associated with four groups of people: politicians, tattooed persons, feminists, and senior citizens. When looking at the one stereotype politicians is the ad hominem fallacy. The ad hominem fallacy is “the confusion between the qualities of the person making a claim and the qualities in the claim itself” (Moore & Parker, pg 173). Politicians are thought of as self-serving, hypocritical and dishonest con-artist. During a political campaign we see on the news how one attacks their opponents. The personal attack ad hominem fallacy is attacking another with negative comment. During campaigning it is bad because of the personal attacks on each other in order to discredit the other person. This is how they want to get voters on their side to vote for them. Politicians are a very unique group of people to explore stereotyping because they are probably the only group who uses stereotyping against each other, lease of which is positive (Green, 2009 ). In many ways, politicians create their own stereotype by announcing on national TV that their opponent possess every negative stereotype given to...
Words: 1583 - Pages: 7
...| Effects of News Media Essay | HUM/186 - MEDIA INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN CULTURE | By: | Hill, Clinton | 1/27/2015 | In today’s society, information from the media plays an important role in our lives. I do agree with the fact that social media companies have a moral responsibility. We as people depend on the different types of media to provide the information that we seek. From the news to your favorite artist, we tend to find information to which we can relate, especially with music. If you are having a bad day there is a song from one of your favorite artist that you can relate to and it can help brighten your day or lead to a negative effect. With politics, some people might like what they hear and will protest to get their voice heard by the public figure or politician to possibly change their views. The Rodney King beating is a good example how the media influenced people to go on a rampage and riot the city. News and political opinions work together in a sense. Politician uses news media outlets to captivate the masses. Without the news media being involved in politics, Politicians couldn’t possibly reach out to the media they are trying to attract. But, with the news media is working hand and hand with politics to give us views and also opinions. We can choose whether we agree or disagree with the politics that we are viewing. Things like this can be very influential on our daily lives. Now that technology has advanced over the years, you can pretty much access...
Words: 379 - Pages: 2
...Running Head: Mass Media in Elections Mass Media’s Affect on Voting Trends Arthur Gibford California State University California In today’s world, the news media reaches and affects every person in the United States. The question now is does mass media such as newspapers, television, and the internet affect the voting trends of the voters? The ownership of the media (Djankov, Nenova, McLiesh, & Shleifer, 2003), targeting specific demographics (Clinton & Lapinski, 2004), the implications of the internet (DiMaggio, Hargittai, Neuman, & Robinson, 2003) and how candidates use media (Aarts & Semetko, 2003) are all important aspects in determining whether a potential bias exists (Eveland & Shah, 2003) on the part of the news media. It is hypothesized that when the mass media displays certain biases leaning towards one party over the other, the populace tends to vote in the direction of the media. The following five scholarly literature reviews will attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. According to Eveland and Shah (Eveland & Shah, 2003, p. 101)there is “a large percentage of the public (that) believes that the news media are biased, and the majority of these individuals consider the direction of bias to be against their own viewpoint”. This drives the question this paper attempts to answer. This article looks at media’s credibility and integrity in the eyes of individual people. The author’s give several hypothesis to provide multiple...
Words: 2848 - Pages: 12
...– 19 Professor Fisher Essay 4 – draft one December 9, 2014 Intro: The world we live in today is far more globalized than that of our previous generation. Before social media and other instant forms of communication existed, people did not need to worry about speaking a different language or the way it was spoken. Dialects and accents had little meaning because of the barriers that surrounded each community prohibited the inhabitants of much interaction with people from other societies. Today however, people can speak with each other regardless of location, which emphasizes the importance of the power of language. The negative consequences that come from this is that those who do not master a language perfectly or differ from perfect speech are discriminated against in the general community. A phenomenon, which writer Gloria Anzaldúa, who wrote the article “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” calls “Linguistic Terrorism.” According to her, linguistic terrorism negates not only the speaker, but also the experiences and culture behind that person (Anzaldúa). Thesis: Although language can be used as a tool of power, the use of faulty and imprecise language negates the speaker and causes negative consequences. Body 1, Tan: An accent is an example of imprecise English, which causes people to make negative or positive assumptions about the speaker based on the information that accent reveals. Example: In Amy Tan´s essay “Mother Tongue,” she provides an example drawn from experiences...
Words: 1241 - Pages: 5
...Megan Vansach March 7th 2010 Social Media Essay HRM13SP Social networking, what is it? Is it the act of socially gathering and promoting ones self, or the personal promotion of goods and services supplied by a person or business, it was not too long ago the term meant just that, in as little as ten years the term social networking has been given a whole new meaning. As our world has become a society based off of social media used by millions of users daily, social networking has become a source of personal broadcasting for the world to see. Such websites like, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest have flourish in only a short amount of time. It was not too long ago the internet was a place to look up information or catch the latest news, but today social networking websites has change the way the world acts and views the internet, having not only long term effects but general social effects including the way we interact with each other. Social networking is no longer a term used in strictly social events as a source to get ones name out there, social networking recently has been associated with the aspect of making personal interconnections via the internet. As social networking has become more popular over the past few years, it has created many cultural changes, such changes as to how we connect with our friends, family, future employers, receive news and even discover new products, social networking allows us to connect with many different outlets daily by simply...
Words: 1232 - Pages: 5
...Mayhew effectively conveys his opinion by casting a negative light upon the congressmen uses of advertising, credit claiming and position-taking to promote themselves politically. This is done by using negative language in statements such as, “Once again there is a variance problem; congressmen do not differ very much among themselves in the methods the use or the skills they display in attuning themselves to their diverse constituencies. All of them, after all, are professional politicians…” This achieves Mayhew goal and causes the audience to think the congressmen colluding to deceive the people for the personal gain of political power. The weaknesses are his observations are too broad because everyday people have to use the same techniques to promote themselves in day-to-day life such as in scholarships for school and interviews and resumes for...
Words: 611 - Pages: 3
...The media provide access to and construct social problems for large numbers of audiences throughout the world and in turn themselves have become a social problem in view of their multiple and complex effects, many negative. The media have been blamed by a wide spectrum of theorists and critics for promoting violence and sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, and other oppressive social phenomena. Social problems connected with the media also involve allegedly harmful media influence on children and youth; pornography and the degradation of women and sexuality; advertising manipulation; and the promotion of excessive consumerism and materialism. Empirical research on media effects into these areas has been mixed and highly contested. Many studies have affirmed that media have negative social effects and help reproduce a number of social problems, while other studies assert skepticism toward claims of negative media effects or attempt to confirm positive aspects of the media. 1 Empirical studies are often funded by institutions who have interests in escaping or deflecting criticism, or they are constrained by bias and limitations of various kinds. Yet dominant theories of the media are equally contested on whether the media promote serious social problems or have a more benign influence. Conflicting theories and research into media effects have intensified debates throughout the world about media as a social problem. Research into media effects and linking the media...
Words: 493 - Pages: 2
...rule. In Washington, politicians are split along partisan lines, battling one another on decisive and controversial issues such as raising the debt limit, balancing the budget, and health care reform. While politicians carefully calculate the potential consequences of their decisions, the same battles are being waged ferociously on other fronts by the media and other self-interested groups. Ultimately, the results of these policy decisions depend on which party could convince the American public of what is in their best collective interest. This is precisely the nature of politics and democracy, and neither one is always fair. In a world where interest groups and lobbies have tremendous sway and influence over those in power, and when media reporting of the issues lacks fairness and accuracy, it should be the citizen's duty and responsibility to ensure that they are politically aware and civically engaged. This paper will argue that an informed citizenry is necessary to the proper functioning of the American political system. Decreasing levels of political knowledge amongst citizens and the manipulation of the facts by the media obfuscate the important issues that affect the public good, while preventing democracy from flourishing. As James...
Words: 2854 - Pages: 12
...Chapter 6 The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement Katrin Voltmer The past two decades or so have seen an unprecedented spread of democracy around the globe. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the end of the Cold War, the ‘third wave’ of democratization, which started in the early seventies, now encompasses countries in Asia and Africa.1 And even in states whose governments continue to resist a more open and participatory form of governance, such as North Korea, Burma or Zimbabwe, the idea of democracy is a powerful force that inspires people to take on a more active role in public life. However, many of the newly emerging democracies seem to fall short of some, often many, of the basic standards that define democratic rule, with irregular voting procedures, corruption, inefficiency and autocratic styles of government being but a few of the maladies. In addition, as many of the newly emerging democracies belong to the developing world, inequality and poverty remain severe obstacles to full self‐determination of the people. The experiences of the past decades have shown that democracy is not a one‐way road and that a viable democracy requires more than the implementation of the key institutions of government. Rather, an accountable and efficient government is embedded in a complex web of interdependent conditions that ...
Words: 10604 - Pages: 43
...Social Media and Real Life Social media is very important for our generation; some might say it is a good way to communicate with others while others might disagree thinking that it has made a negative impact in real social interactions. Social media has positive effects in our society, it has made possible to interact with others around the world. There are so many benefits that people in the past did not have. While it has its benefits, there are also negative effects in certain things, like interaction face to face because some might prefer to communicate behind a screen. There are topics that have caused controversy in social media and have impacted the way people show respect to each other. This might be because is easier to say things...
Words: 941 - Pages: 4
...The pattern is similar with the Millennial generation. The sour political atmosphere changed with the terrorist attack on September 11. “September 11 seemed to make issues debated in Congress suddenly seem relevant and youth participation began to climb” (Ruggeri). This pattern in history revealed that younger voters tend to become more involved with politics when an event has negatively effects them. Sudden events in history also help to mature many young voters, demonstrating the importance of government and encouraging voters to become more informed about different political campaign goals and...
Words: 2088 - Pages: 9
...Mass media messages and effects Heather Gilliland BSCOM/268 06-06-16 Mabelle Reynoso Mass media messages and effects Introduction The mass media is in the business of steering your thoughts about subjects and controlling how the public thinks. The press, the television, and the radio play an important role in society. The mass media informs, educates, and entertains the public. They also influence how society looks at the world and can often alter that view. Mass media shapes public opinion on many different matters. When you want to see the most current events, read about the news or listen to get the latest gossip on celebrities, or learn the latest fashion trends, members of society usually turn on the television, the radio, or access the internet through your computer or smartphone. Mass media has developed a technology to reach the vast majority of the population. The mass media is constantly changing and growing as new technological advances are being made. The public is exposed to vast amounts of content in the stories they read and the news they listen to, and even though we depend on mass media for almost everything we listen to, all the stories may not be very ethical. There are many undependable sources of mass media out there, but there are also true, dependable and reliable sources that we are exposed to as well. As the public depends on the media to such a great degree, it is important to know which sources to trust, and which to disregard as unreliable...
Words: 1917 - Pages: 8
