...which they mandate some level of compulsory vaccinations for its citizens. In order for a child to attend public schools, they must receive all required vaccinations. Throughout history, many have disagreed and opposed vaccinations for various reasons. Many of the citizens do not believe that vaccines mandates to be constitutional. Also, many do not believe the state legislatures have the power to require everyone to receive certain vaccinations and view the authority as a violation of their constitutional rights. Recently, there has been an increase in people who are against to vaccinations as a possible factor to Autism in children. Also, religious beliefs play a role in opposing vaccinations for themselves and their children. These have built anger and opposition to the states mandates of some vaccinations. In 1813, United States Vaccine Agency was established. “The U.S. Congress authorized and James Madison signed ‘An Act to Encourage Vaccination,’ establishing a National Vaccine Agency” (History of Vaccines RSS). This Act was the first push by the United States for citizens to get vaccinated. In 1855, Massachusetts was the first state that passed a law for vaccinations for all children that is attending school (History of Vaccines RSS). Passing laws for vaccinations brought more dispute and oppositions to vaccines, as well as, oppositions to vaccine requirements. By 1922, many United States schools required smallpox vaccination before children...
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...Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination — History of Vaccines 6/2/15, 11:02 AM History of Vaccines A VACCINE HISTORY PROJECT OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA Vaccine Science En español History and Society Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Debunked: The Polio Vaccine and HIV Link Development of the Immunization Schedule Disease Eradication Ethical Issues and Vaccines History of Anti-vaccination Movements Influenza Pandemics Scientific Method in Vaccine History The History of the Lyme Disease Vaccine U.S. Military and Vaccine History Vaccination Exemptions Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs Vaccine Testing & Vulnerable Human Subjects Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Public opinions about vaccination include varied and deepseated beliefs, a result of the tension between divergent cultural viewpoints and value systems. Several key cultural perspectives on vaccination stem from (1) individual rights and public health stances toward vaccination, (2) various religious standpoints and vaccine objections, and (3) suspicion and mistrust of vaccines among different U.S. and global cultures and communities. Individual versus Public Health Stances Many countries require their citizens to receive certain immunizations. In the United States, state laws dictate mandatory vaccinations, such as those required for children to enter school.[1] Controversies over the efficacy, safety, and morality of compulsory immunization stem...
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...Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed in public schools? Assignment 5: Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with VisualsYour Name Lisa Teitler Eng 215 March 13, 2016 Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed in public schools? Today’s vaccinations are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in order to ensure their effectiveness and safety to the general public. Currently there are no federal laws which mandates vaccination, but there is a vaccination requirement per state for children entering school. The chart below details which vaccines are mandated for public school by several states: Children who are not vaccinated have a greater chance of death than children who received the required vaccinations. The safety of vaccinations is in questioned by many, asking if they are safe for children to receive. They are safe and should be required for children since those vaccinations help prevent illnesses, lower the risk for some diseases and it might even cause financial growth. There are several advantages of receiving the recommended vaccines. One advantage is that they are designed to put foreign antigens into the body so the body will produce antibodies to fight it off. The body will produce two types of immune responses when an antigen is introduced in order to ensure total immunity from the disease. Vaccines ensure that children get immunity from diseases instead of contracting them. Having immunity is a major advantage...
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...Child Vaccinations Mandatory Law or Personal Choice By: Courtney Boyd Childhood vaccinations, a personal choice or mandatory law? The anti-vaccine movement created by parent complaints have made many parents and guardians question the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations. I will discuss the history of vaccines, how vaccinations work, the effects of not receiving vaccines, the exemptions of states, as well as a guide to the age a child should receive each vaccination and the vaccine required. History of the vaccine Do you know how long it usually takes for a new vaccine to become available to the public? Scientists and researchers spend many years (10-15) in science laboratories during the first stage of this extensive process. Once this process has been completed, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. F.D.A.) has a series of trials that are conducted on human volunteers. These series are used to test vaccine efficiency, to determine appropriate dosage, and to monitor adverse side effects. That’s not the end though, after these series of tests, the FDA still monitors the vaccine reactions for many years. The first vaccine was not discovered until 1798 by Edward Jenner and was used for vaccination against the smallpox virus. Later on, over a 100 years, Louis Pasteur proved that a disease could be prevented by infecting a person with the weakened germs. Dr. Pasteur used a vaccine on a boy in 1885 to prevent rabies as...
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...is determined by what district or zip code you live in. Private schools are stricter were parents have to pay tuition and sometimes the child has to go through an interview to attend the school. The schools focus on the child’s health record and determine if the child has been given the proper vaccines. The parental rights are then questioned if the child is not up to date with their vaccinations. The schools then let the parents know that their child will not be allowed to attend school until their child has the proper vaccinations determining what is right for your child. Neither the government nor a school system should be making decisions on if your child should be allowed to attend school based on vaccinations, because vaccinations are not 100% effective. Parents should be allowed to send their children to public schools unvaccinated because they pose no threat to the children that are vaccinated. Vaccinations to enroll in school seem to be ill-advised and have no true basis. One cannot help but wonder how an unvaccinated child can actually affect a vaccinated child, if the vaccination is serving its true purpose. However, since the 1980s, as stated by Stay “the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention worked with state legislatures to require every child to provide proof of immunization in order to enroll and stay in public or private school, and began to see reductions in measles cases within four or five years. By 2000, indigenous transmission of measles...
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...This paper will focus on the reasons why unvaccinated children should not be allowed to attend public schools as well as the benefits of vaccination. Every parent wants to raise a healthy child. Every parent wants to make sure their child is protected from infectious diseases and wants to do everything in their power to prevent any illness in the future. Every day there are thousands of babies born in this world and as parents we know that their immune systems are not ready to take on the illnesses that this world has. So why not protect your child? The American Academy of Pediatrics state that childhood vaccines are 90 – 99% effective in preventing disease. The risks of not being vaccinated far outweigh the small risks associated with vaccination. This is an issue that some parents face each time we prepare our children to attend public schools. We all know the common cold is air born and school aged children are prone to picking up that strand from another child. There are also other diseases that children can pick up from their classmates like chickenpox, measles and pertussis (whooping cough). If we vaccinate our children when they are scheduled to be, they are less likely to be sick in the future. For many years there have been reasons for a child not being vaccinated. Some individuals have claimed that it is due to religious views, the cost of...
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...Mandatory Vaccinations As each year passes, and a new one quickly approaches, our world gets more advanced in every way. Our technology becomes faster, smarter, and quicker and with that, our medical strides become bigger and better. Currently, with the help of technology and years of prior research, our medical resources have flourished and with it, the debate over mandatory vaccinations and how they may or may not affect our children. We've been so caught up in the action of being able to choose for ourselves what course we take for our children when it comes to vaccinations, that we have made secondary the consequences of what this choice actually entails. Vaccinations help to protect and prevent the innocent young and the surrounding vulnerable community members from infection, while helping to significantly reduce the risk of outbreaks to people who may be exposed to these potentially deadly illnesses and therefore should be mandatory. Vaccinations should be mandatory because they help keep our school age children safe. Currently, the requirement for entering all public schools is that your child must be vaccinated first. This is a requirement within all fifty states, as marked by the Center for Disease Control. If your child doesn't get vaccinated, they can't start their first day of school. The Food and Drug Administration regulates and licenses all of the vaccines required for children to ensure both "safety and effectiveness." Given our history before vaccines, outbreaks...
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...Facts 1. In the past 60 years, vaccines have helped eradicate one disease (smallpox) and are close to eradicating another (polio). 2. Vaccines currently help prevent more than 2.5 million deaths each year. 3. The impact of child vaccines is magnified when used in conjunction with other health efforts, including with things such as antibiotics, oral rehydration salts, bed nets, and vitamins. 4. New and underutilized vaccines could avert nearly 4 million child deaths under the age of 5 by 2015. 5. Vaccines cause “herd immunity”—if a majority of people in a community have been vaccinated against a disease, an unvaccinated person is less likely to get sick because others are less likely to get sick from and spread that disease. 6. Vaccines helped reduce measles deaths globally by 78% between 2000 and 2008; in sub-Saharan Africa, deaths dropped by 92% in the same period. 7. Vaccines exist that could stop rotavirus and pneumonia, two problems that kill nearly 3 million children under 5 each year. 8. New or improved vaccines are currently being developed for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases. Researchers estimate that a viable malaria vaccine could be ready for children in the developing world as early as 2015. 9. Not all vaccines are given as shots; vaccines for rotavirus and polio, for instance, are given orally. 10. The GAVI Alliance has supported the immunization of more than 288 million children and as a result...
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...Neglect is abuse no matter how you say it, and some states allow this type of abuse. 48 states allow medical neglect if it interferes with you religion, and yet in all states child abuse is illegal. This means that if you religion tells you to you can refuse to give your child life saving vaccines and medications, or fail to report illness, injury, and other health defects. Medical neglect is abuse, and these states allow this to happen, which causes many problems including death. This needs to be stopped. In each state the laws based on religion-based medical neglect, or medical neglect in general, are different. 48 states allow religious exemptions, and nineteen states allow philosophical exemptions. “Philosophical exemption indicates that the statutory language does not restrict the exemption to purely religious or spiritual beliefs. Religious exemption indicates that there is a provision in the statute that allows parents to exempt their children from vaccination if it contradicts their sincere religious beliefs.” (source: Exemptions Permitted for State Immunization Requirements, 2004) A child’s health should not be secondary...
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...personal medical choices that people want to make for themselves, the issue of infringing upon protected religious freedoms people have, and the government intervening on those choices. Some of these ideas have been very public recently, and are what most people think about when discussing the topic of mandating vaccines. One of the most controversial topics in the United States currently is whether or not to mandate vaccines for children. This subject brings up many public health issues, and it is a hard topic to argue due to constitutionally protected rights....
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...Many controversies surround vaccinations, one of them being the fact you have to vaccinate children before they can be accepted into school. Many claim that vaccines can be harmful or just don't want to give their children vaccines, others side with logic and reason, giving their children the required vaccines for school and proper health to ensure their child's safety. Anti-vaccine parents tend to worry about the rare side effects and the ethical morality behind the science, that they obviously do not understand. They question the integrity of the scientists and their research. So instead these parents go to dodgy websites that smudge data or flat out lie to their readers. Instead of looking at both sides of the argument they instead choose...
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...diseases, let alone die from them. However, refusal of vaccinations has been increasing throughout the years. This is due to individual’s unfounded fears and imagined consequences associated with the idea of purposely inserting a disease into one’s body. Despite one’s beliefs, vaccines are essential not only to a person’s well-being, but to the health of those around them. Mandatory vaccinations do not cause autism; rather, they save lives while also...
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...Topic: Vaccinations General Purpose:To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade people that vaccinations are a good thing. Thesis Statement: Everyone should be vaccinated or support vaccinations because (1)vaccines are safe and effective (2) you reduce the chance of spreading the disease to family members and the community and (3) you don’t want to pay the price of getting sick. Attention Step Nearly everyone in the U.S. got measles before there was a vaccine, and hundreds died from it each year; today, most doctors have never even seen a case of measles. Like all of you, I am part of the lucky people who have been vaccinated, however, there are many people around the world who are not as fortunate and others who are simply beginning to deny vaccinations. After researching vaccinations, I have become very aware of how much they actually benefit our society. According to the cdc, vaccines given to infants and young children over the past two decades will prevent 322 million illnesses, 21 million hospitalizations, and 932,000 deaths over the course of their lifetimes. Vaccines will have saved $300 billion in direct costs, such as medical expenses and a total of more than $1.3 trillion in societal costs over that time, because children who were spared from sometimes-devastating illnesses will...
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...for kids aged 0 to six. No US federal laws mandate vaccination, but all 50 states require certain vaccinations for children entering public schools (Vaccines ProCon, 2017). However, there is a huge debate going on right now, questioning the parents’ rights to deny their child vaccination. Many parents who oppose vaccines, believe that a child body can fight off most disease and sickness naturally. To begin with, parents believe, vaccines can cause serious and sometimes fatal side effects. And that’s’ why, the government should not intervene in personal medical choices, especially when it comes down to a parent and their child. Ron Paul, MD, former US Representative...
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...extinct in America, is unfortunately again on the rise. In the year 2000, national leaders in the United States declared that measles had been eliminated within the country, however, from January 1, 2014 to August 29, 2014, there were 592 Measles cases in the United States (Koplowitz 1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have attributed these cases to parents refusing to have their children vaccinated. Within the past two months, there have been 102 cases of measles reported in 14 states (Grady 1). Vaccinations have proven to be extremely effective. After receiving two doses of the measles vaccination, 97% of people are immune to this disease (“For Health Care Professionals” 2). It is completely unacceptable to have an outbreak of a disease that is almost completely preventable and was eliminated from the United States 15 years ago. In order to protect citizens against communicable diseases, it should be mandatory for almost everyone to receive vaccinations. There are two types of immunizations: active and passive. The more common of the two is the active immunization, which stimulates the body’s immune system to fabricate a defense against a disease-causing microorganism (“Immunization” 1). The first recorded active immunization was Edward Jenner’s use of the cowpox virus to produce immunity to smallpox in 1796 (Riedel 5). Currently, any formulation containing a microorganism for the purpose of immunization is referred to as a vaccine. A population is fully protected...
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