...Extraordinary anabasis has been constructed over the past two decades in the development and expansion of modern medical imaging technologies. The evolution of advancements, including computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as considerable innovations to conventional imaging modalities, have revolutionized medical imaging in remarkable strides. These advancements in imaging and informative technology have led to the increased prominence of those who commenced the discoveries, back in the 1800s. Furthermore, there were many remarkable inventions and milestones, through the duration of time, that have transformed the healthcare science admitted today. Perhaps the most paramount topic of discussion...
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...Medical Imaging is a vital part of today’s medical industry as technology and the understanding of nuclear medicine has been able further provide diagnosis for thousands of diseases and injuries. The beginning of medical imaging occurred in 1895 when the first ever x-ray was taken by German Physics Professor, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Imaginis, 2008). Since then the expanded knowledge of the atomic nucleus and discovery of radioactive isotopes have expanded the ability enabling us to image soft tissue, inflammation, abnormal growths and circulation. The atomic nucleus is essentially the number of electrons, protons and neutrons within an atom which determines the characteristics of the element. Within the atom, strong nuclear forces hold the neutrons and protons inside the nucleus, preventing the atom from breaking apart which provides stability for the smaller elements, such as oxygen and carbon (J. Lucas, 2014). To produce stability for heavier elements, the ratio of neutrons to protons must increase as the repulsion forces between the protons increase. This increase in neutrons decreases the space between the protons and prevents the repulsion forces from overcoming the strong nuclear forces. Isotopes are identified by the varying number of neutrons within the nucleus (Khan, 2014)...
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...Brief History of Medical Imaging Medical imaging has played a very significant role in medicine for over the last one hundred years. It is one of the most important diagnostic tools available to doctors and has revolutionized the medical diagnosis of patients. The use of medical imaging has enabled doctors to see inside a patient without having to cut them open. Medical imaging, especially X-ray examinations and sonography which is also known to some as ultrasound, is essential in an everyday medical setting. Preventive medicine as well as healing medicine depends on the proper diagnosis and treatment by physicians, and the use of diagnostic imaging can help evaluate the course of a disease, as well as assess and document the disease in response to the treatment. Medical imaging has rapidly expanded from the first medical image discovered by Professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. During a late night experiment in November of 1895, Roentgen, a physics professor from Germany, was examining Crookes tubes. He noticed that some light had managed to pass through a tube that he had wrapped in thin black cardboard, reflecting on the wall of his dark laboratory. Upon further investigation he found that the light could also be passed through paper, books, and eventually through human flesh. Unintentionally, he had stumbled upon a very important discovery that led to the discovery of what we now call an X-ray. One of the very first x-rays was one...
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...Medical Imaging Physics- W. R. Hendee Chapter 7- Interaction of X and γ Rays in the Body A Summary submitted by Miles Que I. Introduction The dominant interaction of X and γ rays in the body depend of three main factors: electron density, effective atomic number and the photon energy. All of which, cause different reactions in the body which is divided into four regions: fat, muscle, air- filled cavities and bones. II. ƒ Factor As discussed in the previous chapters, an exposure of 1 Coulomb/ kilogram provides and absorbed Dose in air of 33.85 gray, provided by the equation: where X is the amount of exposure, in Coulombs/ Kilogram. The dose absorbed in a certain tissue can be computed by multiplying the dose absorbed in air and the ratio of energy absorption in the medium to that of air. Deriving this equation, we can get: The ƒ factor is important in getting the absorbed dose of radiation in a given medium. It is also directly proportional to the amount of dose absorbed in a particular tissue. The ƒ factor plot is given for the four regions of the body. Looking at this plot, it is important that we note two things. First is that the values beyond 3MeV cannot be considered accurate. This is due to the fact the measuring devices cannot are not capable of providing accurate results at higher photon energies. Also, we have to know that the plot of fat is merely an approximation, since the composition of...
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...Given that the growth in the medical industry has expanded substantially enabling different machines to view different aspects of the human anatomy, it is impossible to recommend what scan a person should have without taking into consideration the illness/injury and history of the patient. Without doubt a PET scan should be avoided as much as possible as the radiation the patient is confronted with is equivalent to 8 years of everyday living and substantially larger than other methods of imaging however, the advantage of a PET scan is its ability to show how parts of the body are functioning and detect problems much earlier (NSP Medicine Wise, 2010). Whilst this may be seen as a great advantage, the PET scan is far more dangerous to the human body than any other method of imaging as the gamma rays penetrate structural components of cells and break DNA of biological molecules with the potential to cause mutations and cancer (K. Henderickson, 2014). CT scans can only image half the aspects of the human anatomy as the PET scan yet only project three...
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...Intervention | A modern fluoroscope | ICD-10-PCS | B?1 | MeSH | D005471 | A barium swallow exam taken via fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of a patient through the use of a fluoroscope. In its simplest form, a fluoroscope consists of an X-ray source and fluorescent screen between which a patient is placed. However, modern fluoroscopes couple the screen to an X-ray image intensifier and CCD video camera allowing the images to be recorded and played on a monitor. The use of X-rays, a form of ionizing radiation, requires the potential risks from a procedure to be carefully balanced with the benefits of the procedure to the patient. While physicians always try to use low dose rates during fluoroscopic procedures, the length of a typical procedure often results in a relatively high absorbed dose to the patient. Recent advances include the digitization of the images captured and flat panel detector systems; modern advances allow further reduction of the radiation dose to the patient. Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Invention of commercial instruments * 2.1 Analog instrument * 2.2 Digital instrument * 3 Risks * 4 Equipment * 4.1 X-ray image intensifiers * 4.2 Flat-panel detectors * 4.3 Contrast agents * 5 Imaging concerns * 6 Common procedures using fluoroscopy * 6.1 Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy * 6.2 Cine * 7 See also * 8 References...
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...Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body or parts and function thereof for medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose, or examine disease or medical science, including the study of normal anatomy and physiology. Radiographers are responsible for providing safe and accurate imaging examinations using a variety of imaging modalities and techniques therefore allowing for the appropriate management and treatment of patients. They use their professional judgement to decide how to achieve a diagnostic outcome. During the period of an examination, radiographers take responsibility for the physical and psychological well being of the patient. Responsibilities of the Radiographer: 1. Applying the principles of patient safety during all aspects of medical imaging procedures, including assisting and transporting patients 2. Performing diagnostic radiographic procedures. 3. Corroborating patient's clinical history with procedure, ensuring information is documented and available for use. 4. Maintaining confidentiality of the patient's protected health information 5. Preparing the patient for procedures, providing instructions to obtain desired results, gaining cooperation, and minimizing anxiety. 6. Administering medications at the physician's request according to policy. 7. Selecting and operating imaging equipment, and/or associated accessories to successfully perform procedures. 8. Positioning patient...
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...Jennifer Boice Charles Dold ENG-0900-83053 30 October, 2010 Work/Career Essay-Radiologists Salaries Radiology is a field of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to assess patient conditions and administer treatment. To become a radiologist, one must complete a great deal of schooling, but the job rewards, both personal and financial, may be well worth it. Radiology techs are not only high in demand in most communities, but also highly paid relative to other allied health professionals. As with any job, there are many variables that will determine how much money people can expect to see not only at the start of their job, but throughout their entire career. The amount of schooling, experience, and location are the three main variables that will determine annual salaries. The amount of schooling is one of the important variables needed to raise ones yearly salary. This includes whether or not graduates received their education from an accredited school, along with what kind of degree or certification earned. Most radiologists will need the standard four years of undergraduate study, followed by medical school and residency. In most cases, radiologists must be board certified, which means taking and passing an exam to earn approval to practice from the American Board of Radiology or other governing bodies. Not only does schooling have an affect on ones salary, experience does as well. The experience a student has is the second important variable....
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...A Critique of the ALARA Concept for Performing Pediatric Head Computed Tomography With the advancement in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technology and image acquisition is the importance of patient safety, particularly in pediatric imaging. CT has become one of the most popular diagnostic tools used in the clinical environment. In some facilities, CT scans constitute as much as 67% of the patient's annual exposures to ionizing radiation (Furlow, 2012). Physicians and technologists alike must be knowledgeable on how to perform the ALARA principle on their patients in order to deliver the least amount of radiation dose possible while achieving diagnostic quality images. Image Gently Campaign Image Gently and the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging has launched a campaign to increase the awareness of the importance of applying the ALARA principles when imaging pediatric patients with Computed Tomography. The Image Gently web site is a source of valuable information for parents of pediatric patients, physicians, technologists, and radiologists. The web site offers pediatric protocols as well as tracking mechanisms for parents of pediatric patients to keep track of their child's dose from clinical CT examinations. The web site offers educational resources for technologists through on-line presentations for continuing education in pediatric CT scanning describing techniques that technologists can employ to reduce dose to their pediatric patients. ...
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...Technologist’s Role……………………………………………………………………………. 1.4 Radiologist’s Role……………………………………………………………………………….. 1.5 Medical Physicist’s Role…………………………………………………………………….. 2.0 Important Points……………………………………………………………………….. 2.1 Maintenance…………………………………………………………………………………. 2.2 Evaluation and Review…………………………………………………………….. 2.3 Training…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2.4 Quality Control Records………………………………………………………… 2.5 Alternative Phantoms………………………………………………………….. 2.6 Alternative Procedures…………………………………………………………………… 2.7 Occupational Dose……………………………………………………………………….. 2.8 Patient Dose………………………………………………………………………………. 2.9 Action Limits………………………………………………………………………………. 2.10 SMPTE Pattern…………………………………………………………………………. 2.11 Monitors Used for Interpretation………………………………………………. 3.0 Technologist’s QC Section…………………………………………………………… 1.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM 1.1 INTRODUCTION A well-designed, documented, and executed quality assurance program in a medical imaging department is essential to producing consistent, high-quality diagnostic images. This facility, Atlantic Urology, qualifies as a diagnostic imaging facility because it deploys a 32-slice Siemens computed tomography machine to evaluate and diagnose many of their patients, including scans involving intravenous contrast and scans without the intravenous contrast. This facility’s imaging department includes one full-time CT technologist, one part-time CT technologist, and one in-house part-time radiologist...
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...X-RAY IMAGING SYSTEM BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: X-ray imaging system is better for bony structures as it does not get absorbed in the bones, and the area where it does not absorb is highlighted with a whitish color on the photographic film, whereas x-rays gets absorbed in soft tissues so we get a blurred image in film. CT SCANNER BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: A computed tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of structures inside of the body. While much information can be obtained from a standard X-ray, a lot of detail about internal organs and other structures is not available. In computed tomography, the X-ray beam moves in a circle around the body. GAMMA CAMERA BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: A gamma camera, also called a scintillation camera or Anger camera, is a device used to image gamma radiation emitting radioisotopes, a technique known as scintigraphy. Gamma camera gives best results for organs having more fluids. SPECT Scanner BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: It is a technique that provides images similar to those obtained. It produce a 3-dimensional image of the body part being examined. Gives best result for organs containing more water content. PET SCANNER BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: It is a noninvasive, painless molecular imaging technology...
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...Jackson S. Thompson English I October 9, 2012 Radiology and other common medical imaging procedures Radiology is a very interesting subject and has a long history. X-Rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. X-rays were first produced in a vacuum tube where electronics travelled at the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. Electromagnetic rays have high energy and very short wavelengths, which are not visible to the human eye. In 1913, an American radiologist named Gustav Bucky made the very first radiographic grid. With one-hundred radiologists per million Americans, approximately eighty-percent of radiologists are men. Full-time radiologists average a fifty-hour work week. The top four areas of radiology consist of: body cross/abdomen imaging, interventional/vascular imaging, breast imaging/women’s imaging, and neuroradiology. Before your examination, a radiographer will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you may have. A Radiologic Technologist is a skilled professional with specialized education of anatomy, radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, and positioning. It is part of their duty to determine how much radiation is necessary to produce a diagnostic image. Radiographic testing is a non-destructive testing that uses X-rays and/or Gamma-rays for detecting internal imperfections and for detecting corrosion. Over the years cardiac imaging has undergone revolutionary development during recent decades. Coronary...
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...Simulation Review HCS405 Jan10, 2013 Simulation Review Introduction: Elijah hospital provides both cardiac diagnostic services as well as rehabilitation programs. Even though the hospital’s patient volume is steady and increasing, the profit margin is dropping. In this simulation, we will evaluate and assess the funding options for obtaining a new or refurbished medical equipment. Phase 1: Capital Shortage: I selected these options because I felt it was an excellent opportunity for the association to cut down its cost and save money. By reducing the agency staff, the organization will be saving a lot of money. The other cutting option, that I selected, was hiring unlicensed staff. Moreover, the unlicensed staff will require less skilled training as compared to licensed nurses. The second option for phase I is based on loan. It consists of a six month repay loan period with the total interest payout of $56,589 and $21,297 interest saved. The monthly payment period is over in twelve months with no prepayment limitation that is an excellent deal.. I chose option one loan plan because it has no prepayment limitation. Taking the first loan will help the hospital close the loan within three months, as compared to the second loan option which could take six months to prepay. Phase II: I chose to take the refurbished loan for the high-Speed CT scanner. Choosing refurbished machines will be a good option and will save the hospital almost 50 percent of the cost price...
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...of the two technologies will be traced as well as the improvements that have been made to them over the past number of decades. The importance of the technology will be assessed in terms of its efficiency and usefulness in the context of modern medicine. The finding is that CT, CAT, and X-ray allow for great convenience, lower cost, and higher quality imaging than is possible without these technologies. Background & State of the Art The story of X-rays begins in the late Nineteenth Century when a German professor named Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen introduced the discovery that a cathode ray tube could create a fluorescent glow of crystals that were placed on a surface near the tube (NA, 2014). After giving the cathode ray tube a higher voltage and removing all air from the inside of the tube, the professor found that the tube gave nearby objects a fluorescent glow of light. The upshot for the professor from this improvised experiment was that the tube must be giving off a new kind of ray that scientists were not yet familiar with. The most significant part of Roentgen’s discovery, for modern medical purposes, at least, was that the new ray given off by the cathode ray tube could go through human skin but not through harder materials like human bones (NA, 2014). The fact that the cathode tube was a common object in university and scientific circles meant that the rays could be readily reproduced all around the world, which added to the excitement and...
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...Focusing and staying good nights rest, eating on top of school work. a healthy breakfast, and tutoring if needed Loss of a loved one Time for grieving. Talk to Keeping in contact with professors. professors Questions Pay? Who has a higher pay? Growth? Admission Requirements? • • • • Pay? The annual median salary for ultrasound technologists is $66,410 with a range of $45,840 to $92,070 according to the Labor Statistics of May 2013 Who has a higher pay? Technologists that work in a hospital tend to get a higher pay than technologists that work in other setting. Growth? The employment growth from 2010-2013 is 46 percent. What they do? They operate special imaging equipment to create images or conduct tests. These images and test results help physicians to diagnose medical conditions. Some technologists assist physicians and surgeons during surgical procedures. How to become? They need a formal education, such as an associate’s degree or a post secondary certificate. Many employers also require professional certification. Admission Requirements? • • • • Attend a pre-admission conference Apply for admission to West Kentucky and Technical College if not currently enrolled....
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