...Erica Jones ENG 105 11-22-15 Stop Animal Testing in the Medical Field Lions and tiger and bears oh my. More like, monkeys and dogs and mice oh no. How does being poked, probed, opened up, burned, shocked and tortured all for the advancement of the medical field sound? Now think about all those things being done, knowing there is another way, which causes no agony, distress or discomfort to any living creature. Animal testing is a process or “tradition” that has been around for many, many years. The problem with this tradition in particular is that although it causes much pain to innocent animals and can be avoided, many choose to still use this practice today. Animals have been used as tools in biomedical research as early on as the days when Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, were experimenting for their next scientific breakthrough. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), an Arab physician in twelfth century Moorish Spain, introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients (Hajar 2011). Many research associations claim that animal testing has been used in almost every single medical breakthrough within the last one hundred years. Laws have been passed in several countries to make this practice more “humane.” In reality, these laws are the bare minimum and do not truly make a difference for the animals that are being used for experimentations. Animal testing in the medical field needs to dissolve and ultimately come...
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...Persuasion Voices Not Heard Seeing the face of a helpless animal can break your heart. Many animals go through torturous testing on a day to day basis that they cannot help, nor can they defend themselves. Since Ancient Greek times, animals have been undergoing cruel and inhumane medical testing that should not be done for the benefits of the human race. Animal testing is wrong because it is cruel, costly, harmful to animals, unreliable, and outdated. Animal testing has been around since the times of the Ancient Greeks. Between seventeen million and twenty-two million animals are used for biomedical research each year (Leepson). Many believe that animals do have rights, and there are many organizations out there to trying to ensure their safety and help them get out of the horrible treatments they endure. For example, the ASPCA, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, has been around since 1866 trying to curb the gruesome treatment of humans to animals. The ASPCA tries to prevent the abuse and neglecting of animals around the nation. They set up shelters for animals and they give vaccines and anything else they may need. The different types of animals being tested are endless; from mice to sheep, they all serve their own purpose in the medical field. Even though these animals have helped scientist break through some medical mysteries, it is still inhumane how they have to suffer in confined quarters. The CAFO, Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations...
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...MEDICAL SHOP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A mini project submitted to the Bharathidasan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Submitted by N.RAJA RAHINAM Register Number: 4CA104236 Under the guidance of Miss.A.Sathya, M.C.A., M.PHIL., Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS BISHOP HEBER COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (Nationally Reaccredited at the A+ Level by NAAC) (Recognized by UGC as “College with Potential for Excellence”) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620 017 NOVEMBER – 2012 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the mini project work presented is originally done by me under the guidance of Miss.A.Sathya MCA., M.phil., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli-17 and has not been included in any other thesis/project submitted for any other degree. Name of the Candidate : N.RAJARATHINAM Register Number : 4CA104236 Batch : 2010-2013 Signature of the Candidate Miss.A.SATHYA MCA., M.PHIL.,, Assistant Professor Department of Computer Applications Bishop Heber College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli – 620017. Date: CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the mini project work entitled “MEDICAL SHOP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is a bonafide record work done by N.RAJARATHINAM, Register Number: 4CA104236 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS...
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...“Inappropriate genetic testing can threaten individual autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality and lead to various types of genetic stigmatization and discrimination without any commensurate benefit for the individual tested,” (Brandt; Rauf, 2004). When Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF) tested their employees without the employees knowing about it, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) stepped in and cited that BNSF violated the employee’s equal rights through discrimination and the employee’s rights of privacy. These actions “raise serious concerns that such testing could pose a significant threat to workers' privacy, autonomy, and dignity. Thus, defining the ethically, legally, and socially appropriate and inappropriate uses of genetic testing in the workplace,” (DEHS, 2001) presents a major breach in a workers legal right to privacy. One hundred and twenty-five BNSF employees filed on-the-job injury claims citing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) for “years of repetitive activity such as wielding a wrench or operating a jackhammer,” (Lehrer, 2001; UNK, 2001). While investigating these claims, BNSF medical doctor required further testing of 20 employees (UNK, 2001). The medical company pulled blood for genetic testing without telling the BNSF employees what kind of test that they were performing, (Mahanna, 2001; Schafer, 2001; BNSF, 2002; Lehrer, 2001; Lewin, 2002). One employee refused to submit to the tests and BNSF threatened to terminate his job (Lewin;...
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...Animal Testing Every year over 100 million animals are killed due to animal testing (“Experiment”). Animals have been used for testing throughout history. Some individuals agree with animal testing but do not think about the harm scientist cause animals. Humans take their studies to the extreme by putting any product on animals not thinking about the consequences. Individuals do not think about how the products they are using were tested; they don’t realize what scientist did to test the product in order for them to use without having an issue. Animal testing shouldn’t be allowed to test any products or for medical studies; it is unethical and many animals are abused and harmed in various ways. Throughout history the practice of...
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...Essay Animal Testing Twenty million animals are killed annually as a result of animal testing. Approximately fifteen million of these deaths can be attributed to medical research. The belief that animal testing is necessary in the development of medical treatments, prescription drugs, cures and vaccines, is a common misconception; test results are often inaccurate therefore using animals for medical testing is not only cruel to the animals but it’s also dangerous for humans. There are a rising number of scientists, doctors and healthcare professionals who are extremely opposed to medical testing on animals. It is believed among this group that results obtained from animal experiments cannot be safely applied to humans because 83% of substances are metabolized differently by animals than humans. Records show that less than 2% of illnesses found in humans exist in the animal kingdom; that is until scientists put them there. Most drugs available today were originally tested on animals; however, four out of ten patients who take prescription drugs will suffer from severe side effects. Over two million people are hospitalized annually because of prescription drug side effects and hundreds of thousands die. There are also the many prescription drugs that are recalled after they’ve been on the market for several years; this is a direct result of inadequate testing before FDA approval. Pharmaceutical companies claim to have positive results from animal testing; however,...
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...project. Like countless people, you fail to think about how this product came to be or if there was animal testing involved. Many people are unaware of the appalling events that take place on a daily basis involving animal cruelty. They may not think twice about where the products they buy come from, or what they may have been tested on (Smith). Many who do know the facts about animal testing believe that it is acceptable to test in the interest of saving people, but a large number of the population disagree and loathe it (“Animal Testing”). Although methods of animal testing has drastically changed over the years, it has become a worldwide debate between animal right’s activists, scientists and the public. Since most of our inventions and medical strives (“Science”) have been made possible because of animal testing, many people believe that it is an essential part of human life. We would not be able to enjoy all the luxuries we do today, such as toothpaste and cosmetics, had animal experimentation not existed; but people are starting to question the ethics and motives (“Animal testing”). Even though scientists and government officials believe animal testing is necessary for medical research, most tests performed are irrelevant, and the reality is that too many animals go through unnecessary agonizing torture often leading to death. A large number of animal testing is uncalled for and must be...
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...Scientists putting animals through suffrage through medical research, but in any case, it is not contested, but on a scale it often is. There is an up and downstream of whether animal experimentation is a part of good science and also result in medical breakthroughs for humans. Depending on whether the progress may have achieved by any means. Millions of animals each year in the United States are experimented on for testing to help find cures and medicine for sick people/patients. Toxicity of medicine is put into animals and take the risk of whether or not are tests are successful or not so we can research further more. Research is led into saving lives, but what about the ones that are tested for hours on end and spend days in cages without...
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...Can Animals be used Animal Testing? Name: Institution: CAN ANIMALS BE USED IN ANIMAL TESTING? Thesis statement: This paper discusses research on how animal testing brings more medical advancement and less human-based experiments and sees if there are any alternatives to the use of animals in research since it is a practice of animal cruelty. Introduction Animal Testing refers to strategies done on living creatures for reasons of exploration into fundamental science and ailments, surveying the adequacy of new drugs, and examining the human health. The processes involved in this testing, even those that are seen to have no significant effect, still cause the animals bodily as well as mental pain and suffering. Often these processes cause a great deal of distress. Some animals are re-used in the succeeding experiments while others are killed at the end of the experiment. Approximately 115 million animals are estimated to be used every year in the world for laboratory experiments (Dawkins, 2012). However, only a few countries assemble and publish the data about the use of animal in testing and research. For instance, about 90 percent of the animals are used in laboratories in the United States. This statistics excludes species, for example, mice and birds, fish, reptiles and invertebrates, thus these figures presented by the U.S, Department of Agriculture is considerably underestimated. Countries in Europe such as France, United Kingdom, and Germany are among those using animals...
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...Animal Testing Introduction The application of animals to test a large number of products from household compounds and cosmetics to Pharmaceutical products has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Laboratory animals are generally used in three primary fields: biomedical research, product security evaluation and education. (Animal Experiments) It has been estimated that approximately, 20 million animals are being used for testing and are killed annually; about 15 million of them are used to test for medication and five million for other products. Reports have been generated to indicate that about 10 percent of these animals are not being administered with painkillers. The supporters of animal rights are pressurizing government agencies to inflict severe regulations on animal research. However, such emerging criticisms of painful experimentation on animals are coupled with an increasing concern over the cost it would have on the limitation of scientific progress. (Of Cures and Creatures Great and Small) Around the world, animals are utilized to test products ranging from shampoo to new cancer drugs. Each and every medication used by humans is first tested on the animals. Animals were also applied to develop anesthetics to ease human ailments and suffering during surgery. (Animal Experiments) Currently, questions have been raised about the ethics surround animal testing. As a result several regulations have been put in place to evaluate and control the...
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...Genetic Testing and College Athletes On April 13, 2010, the NCAA made tests for Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) mandatory, effective in August 2010. SCT is a condition where the blood cells are elongated and potentially block blood flow and resist bonding to oxygen. The trait is generally benign but becomes active under extreme physical stress. For athletes, when performing strenuous activities, the trait is sometimes triggered and can potentially cause death. The statute states “student-athletes must be tested for sickle cell trait, show proof of a prior test or sign a waiver releasing an institution from liability if they decline to be tested.”(Brutlag, 2010) SCT genetic testing and NCAA regulations were implemented in order to protect student athletes, but the testing raises questions of who should receive the test results, the use of the results in discrimination against affected athletes and its potential to be cascade towards excessive genetic testing. In the current legislation, the results from an athletes test are given to the school, the coach and the athlete. This disclosure policy has the potential to be used to discriminate against those who are afflicted with SCT. Although the athlete has the option to opt out of testing initially once they have the test, the disclosure to the school and coaching staff is automatic. The test results should be first given to the student, and then they should have the option to waive liability and not disclose to the university...
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...scientific and medical advances. It has both its advantages and disadvantages. “Moreover,” animal experimentation is an extremely controversial subject that has divided people into a group that either support animal testing or oppose it all together, and another that advocates the use of alternatives. There are many pros and cons when it comes to this subject. People all over the world have different opinions on weather animal lab testing is humane and necessary. Animal experimentation is unethical due to the practice of animal torture and suffering, animal choice and death of these animals. Animal experimentation (noun): any type of experiment performed on living animals, especially in order to test the effects of chemical compounds such as new drugs, cosmetics, food additives and pesticides (Animal experimentation, 2001). All over the world, people think differently on whether animal experimentation is an appropriate way to test medicines and products. Each year in the United States, an estimated 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, and otherwise hurt and killed in the name of science, by private institutions, household product and cosmetics companies, government agencies, educational institutions, and scientific centers. Substances we use every day, such as eye shadow, soap, furniture polish and oven cleaner, may be tested on rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, and other animals (Animal Testing Facts, 2012, para...
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...As you have heard, there are two very opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to research through animal testing. The opinions vary and the passion runs deep. Both sides have extremely intelligent people, such as doctors and scientists, that argue vehemently for their opinion. While both sides present equally convincing arguments, there are downsides to each and a compromise must be reached. Many people, such as Dr. Andre Menache, who has campaigned against animal testing for over thirty years, would argue that animal testing is cruel and simply not worth it. According to Menache, “if we rely on animals to predict human response, we will get the right answer only 33% of the time. This figure is based on the correlation between preclinical...
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...Imagine this situation: a new company is testing an eye care product on a subject. In the test, a substance is placed in one eye of the subject, with the other eye serving as a control. The subjects are restrained, preventing them from responding naturally to the irritation, and their eyes are evaluated after one hour and then at 24-hour intervals for up to 14 days. Some continue to be evaluated up to three weeks later. The level of irritation to the eyes is scored numerically by observation of the three major tissues of the eye (cornea, conjunctiva, and iris). The subjects suffer from redness, bleeding, ulcers, and even blindness, and are likely killed upon completion of the experiment. The subjects were in fact rabbits in tests called “animal testing.” Animal testing has raised huge debates worldwide that has raised many questions. How important is animal testing for us humans? Are the results going to be the same? Most importantly, should we ban animal testing for the sake of the animals? Animal testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it refers to the experimentation carried out on animals. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics, as well as understanding how the human body works. Animal testing, also known as animal research, plays a crucial role in scientists' understanding of...
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...Animal Testing Horrifying images come to mind when people discuss animal testing: mutations, glow-in-the-dark hair, and death. Since the debate began, those who oppose animal testing often propose alternative methods to replace animals. Activists suggest methods such as in vitro or computer programs. Regardless of these new advances, persisting facts endure proving animals to be useful in multiple scenarios, and animal testing to be ethical despite common belief. Animal testing has proved its usefulness in the past century in numerous ways. Credit is due to animals for the treatment to diabetes, organ transplants, and the polio vaccination (Myers). In fact, the past century attributes every stride in medical advancement to animal experimentation....
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