Premium Essay

Medieval Muslim Astronomy

Submitted By
Words 485
Pages 2
Medieval Muslim astronomy work was based on ancient Greek and Indian sources They continued to create detailed models of the universe
Under the abbasid caliphs al-Mansur and al-Ma’mun astronomy was greatly encouraged
At this time, scientists translated studies in Sanskrit, Pahlavi, and Greek into Arabic Sanskrit and Pahlavi sources taught medieval muslim astronomers methods for calculating the position of heavenly bodies, and for creating tables recording the movement of the sun, the moon, and the other five known planets
The Bedouin traditions contained knowledge on the fixed stars seasons and associated phenomenon These recordings helped knowing the time and direction of Mecca for prayer, the moment of sunrise and sunset for fasting during Ramadan, and for fixing the appearance of the moon that marked the start of a new month …show more content…
‘Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986) was one of the most important scientists doing this work, supported by the Buyid sultan ‘Adud al-Dawla, who he dedicated his Illustrated Book of the Fixed Stars. This book describes the forty-eight constellations formed by what were called the “fixed stars” Other important scientists of the time include al-Biruni, who wrote al-Qanun al-Mas’udi, dedicated to Sultan Mas’ud of Ghazna, on the topics of astronomy and solar, lunar, and planetary motions; and Ibn al-Haytham, who measured the thickness of the atmosphere and its effect on astronomical

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Astronomy

...Ancient Astronomy • The regularity of the motions of stars and constellations across the heavens made them useful to ancient societies for such things as timekeeping and navigation, and led to the need for a practical means of tracking their movements • Many ancient cultures built large structures to track the movement of objects in the heavens, which functioned as primitive calendars • The best known of these ancient structures is Stonehenge, a stone circle built in England during the Stone Age, which is believed to have allowed its builders to keep track of dates through observation of celestial events • The alignment of the stones corresponds to events such as the rising of the Sun at the summer solstice, and the rising and setting of the Sun and Moon at other times of the year • Many other cultures built monuments with similar alignments and purposes, such as the Big Horn Medicine Wheel in Wyoming and the Caracol temple in Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula, though the association of these structures with astronomy is more controversial • A more certain candidate for a North American calendar is the Sun Dagger in New Mexico, a rock formation structured such that a sliver of light passes through a carved stone spiral at noon on the summer solstice • There are several sites similar to the Sun Dagger found throughout the American southwest • The ancient Chinese also kept detailed records of astronomical events for astrological purposes; modern astronomers still refer to their...

Words: 308 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Bliss Language Features

...There are various language features used in Bliss to portray the theme of happiness. One of the language features used to show the idea of “happiness” is symbolism. Mansfield uses various symbols to reflect the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the short story. These include the pear tree, the sun and moon, and hot and cold. All of these have symbols linking to the idea of happiness. The pear tree can be linked to many things. One is nature’s indifference to human suffering – and how, no matter what we are going through in our lives, there is still beauty. The other is Bertha’s naivety, because no matter how her view of the tree changes, it is still just a pear tree (i.e. no matter how much she tries to convince herself that she has a perfect life, there will still be unchanged underlying factors which will eventually reveal themselves). Another language feature used is imagery. Sun and Moon imagery is very important to portraying the idea of happiness. Mansfield uses sun imagery in the beginning of the story when Bertha feels as though her life is full of “bliss”. This changes later in the story when a candle metaphor links the sun image to the moon, suggesting Bertha’s innocence before she discovered the nastiness surrounding her. The narrative style in the story also helps to show the idea of happiness. The story is told through Bertha’s eyes, however the writing is very indirect and elliptic, allowing the reader to feel unsure about Bertha’s opinions of the happiness...

Words: 272 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Yoga Jurnel

...Yoga Journal 1. a) Favorable: The cat/cow poses is favorable for me because it feels good on my core and it feels really good on my back when I am doing the cat/cow pose. b) Unfavorable: The warrior prayer twist is unfavorable for me because it hurts my Thais on one foot and the other opposite foot it hurts the back of my Thais. It really hurts my back when I am stressing it. When I am doing the pose with my right foot in front I can keep my balance but when I am doing it with my opposite foot I will lose my balance. 2. Poses Practiced at home: a) Forearm Plank/Forearm puppy pose. b) Chair prayer twist. c) Standing crescent. d) Pyramid Pose. e) Triangle Pose. f) Victory Pose. g) Walking extended. h) Tree Pose. i) Chair pose. j) Forward Bends. 3. Limitation Found In My Body: Forearm side plank is hard for me because when I was a little kid I hurt my hands a lot. So I can’t keep balance when I am doing this pose and my hand shakes a lot so I lose my balance. 4. The poses I improved On With Practice: I have improved on the sun salutations poses because I practiced at home a lot. First time my body was working with the pose but I forget the names of the poses. By practicing a lot now I know the names by heart. 5. Mental/Emotional Insight: I have discovered that I need to concentrate more on the moon salutation because like the sun salutation forget all the name, I lose my balance and I don’t know how to do most of the poses in the moon...

Words: 292 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

For You in Will

..."For You I Will" When you're feeling lost in the night, When you feel your world just ain't right Call on me, I will be waiting Count on me, I will be there Anytime the times get too tough, Anytime your best ain't enough I'll be the one to make it better, I'll be there to protect you, See you through, I'll be there and there is nothing I won't do. I will cross the ocean for you I will go and bring you the moon I will be your hero your strength Anything you need I will be the sun in your sky I will light your way for all time Promise you, For you I will. I will shield your heart from the rain I will let no harm come your way Oh these arms will be your shelter No these arms won't let you down, If there is a mountain to move I will move that mountain for you I'm here for you, I'm here forever I will be your fortress, tall and strong I'll keep you safe, I'll stand beside you, right or wrong I will cross the ocean for you I will go and bring you the moon (yeah, yeah) I will be your hero your strength anything you need (I will be..) I will be the sun in your sky I will light your way for all time Promise you For you I will For you I will, lay my life on the line For you I will fight, oooooh For you I will die With every breath, with all my soul I'll give my world I'll give it all Put your faith in me (put you're faith in me) And I'll do anything I will cross the ocean for you (I will cross the ocean for you) I will go and bring...

Words: 416 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Starry Night

...starry night From the Birds that Sing, In the Tallest Trees. To the Human Life, of you and me. From the Desert Sands, to the place we stand. He is God of All, He is Everything. Waohhh I'm giving my life to the only One who makes the moon reflect the sun. Every starry night, that was His design. I'm giving my life to the only Son, who was and is and yet to come Let the praises ring, 'cause He is everything 'Cause He is everything From the autumn leaves, that will ride the breeze To the Faith it takes, to pray and sing From the Painted sky, to my plank filled eye He is God of all, He is everything Waohhh I'm giving my life to the only One who makes the moon reflect the sun. Every starry night, that was His design. I'm giving my life to the only Son,who was and is and yet to come Let the praises ring, 'cause He is everything. Ohhhhhhh (everything) Hallelujah (Hallelujah) Hallelujah I believe Ohhh Hallelujah (Hallelujah) Hallelujah I believe I'm giving my life to the only One who makes the moon reflect the sun On that starry night, He changed my life. I'm giving it all to the only Son who gave me hope when I had none. So let the praises ring, Ohhhh Let the Praises Ring I'm giving my life to the only One who makes the moon reflect the sun. Every starry night, that was His design. I'm giving my life to the only Son, who was and is and yet to come and the Angels sing, that He is heavenly So let the Praises ring 'Cause He...

Words: 293 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Thoughts

...To the boy who breathes ashes and dust, whose eyes contain the most beautiful sunset. Whose smile beams like the moon kissing the skies at cold nights. Whose autumn hair dances waltz in the spring wind. Whose fingers are pointed and long, hand soft as a cotton that I wish to hold forever. The stars and you are the same. You are beautiful but only at a distance. And kissed me like sending a thousand lightning on my spine. I tasted salt in your mouth as if you drank the waters of the ocean; good thing you didn’t drown. My skin had blood marks on because you held me so tight that winter night. But that didn’t matter because I love you. And I mean it. -End- It’s a little bit funny how I cut fringes out of my long hair And I would feel very sad every time I look at the mirror. Like I was carry kettle bells with each of my finger I thought every girl in school was perfect and not fat And I curse myself for not being alike. I wasn’t good with words spoken or written, and I was ashamed of myself every time I stood in front to say , perhaps stutter. I look above with a beaten heart. The stars at night became my mother. My father was the moon. Or so I thought. As days went by, I became even sadder. I kept on dropping hints Of sadness and they fall like nothing. As nobody...

Words: 255 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Sun Embracing the Moon

...Once upon a time, there were two worlds in the earth, the first one was human’s world and another one was god’s world. Human world was ruled by god, but both of them could stay in a good harmony. god’sworld was up in the sky as far as the human eyes could still see, but human world was down on the earth, on the ground where god could see from the place they were residing. Human race praised their gods for always being there, helping human in many situation. For example, when summer started to come, a Rain God would always be there to assist human needs of water by sending them rain, so human really honored and praised Him. But the most powerful god was the God of Light. God of Light gave its light to human being for their everyday life and he is very important for both of the world. God of Light had a son named Sun. Sun characteristic was very emotional, likely to be jealous, hot-tempered, but He was also warm-hearted, brave, willing to sacrifice and to consider about others. There was also another god who was important and pretty popular among gods in the sky, he is God of Beauty. God of Beauty had a daughter named Moon. Moon was very beautiful, elegant, but shy and inconsistent. It would take hard times to make up her mind. Both of these gods had been such a closed-friend since long time ago. One day, God of Light and God of Beauty met in a party. They brought along their own child. In that day, the party wasso big and chaotic, the moon was separated from her parents. She...

Words: 2037 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Shadows In The Woods Poem

...The Hade kids usually drive because they don’t need sleep as much as we do as far as Me and Jeremiah can tell. Not sure why. I see shadows in the woods when I look out the window and I know everyone in the car see and knows what they are.Yes monsters, but more specifically σκιά lurkers which mean shadow lurkers. They are easy to destroy, but If they get in a group they are nearly impossible to kill all at once. I try to stay awake but my eyes feel heavy. Like something is whispering me to sleep and I can’t resist. I wake up in the same dark place I woke in before in my dreams. I stand there feeling hopeless like I did in my dream before. Only this time it's different. I stand there all my friends lay there on the ground. I run up to them,...

Words: 844 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Night Vale Persuasive Speech

...A friendly desert community where the sun is hot, the moon is beautiful, and mysterious lights pass overhead while we all pretend to sleep. Welcome to Night Vale. Hello listeners. To start things off I've been asked to read this brief notice: the city council announces the opening of a new dog park at the corner of Earl and Summerset near the Ralph's. They would like to remind everyone that dogs are not allowed in the dog park. People are not allowed in the dog park. It is possible you will see hooded figures in the dog park. Do not approach them. Do not approach the dog park. The fence is electrified and highly dangerous. Try not to look at the dog park, and especially do not look for any period of time at the hooded figures. The dog park will not harm you. And now the news. Old Woman Josie out near the car lot says the angels revealed themselves to her; said they were ten feet tall, radiant, and one of them was black; said they helped her with various household chores. One of them changed a light bulb for her, the porch light. She's offering to sell the old lightbulb, which has been touched by an angel. It was the black angel, if that sweetens the pot for anyone. If you're interested, contact Old Woman Josie. She's out near the car lot. A new man came into town today. Who is he? What does he want from us? Why his perfect and beautiful haircut? Why his perfect and beautiful coat? He says he is a scientist. Well, we have all been scientists and one point or another in our lives...

Words: 2116 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Ibn Shatir

...A scientist from Damascus who excelled in mathematics, geometry,and astronomy. Abu al-Hassan Ala'-Din Ali Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Mohammedal-Ansari al-Muakit, known as Ibn ash-Shatir was born and died inDamascus. He was surnamed al-Mutaem because he used to inlay ivorywhen a child(1). His father died when he was still a child and was taken in charge byhis grandfather, and then by the son of his father’s uncle and his aunt’shusband who taught him how to inlay ivory. He then accumulated animportant sum of money, which enabled him to visit numerous countriessuch as Egypt where he studied astronomy and mathematics in Cairo andAlexandria. He spent the majority of his life in his position as timing officer andchief Muezzin in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus(2). Scientific Contributions He had contributed in the invention of many instruments such as theastrolabe, his rectifications of sundials. He also came up with manyvaluable astronomical theories. His books on the astrolabe constituted areference for many centuries in ash-Sham and Egypt, and throughout theOthoman Empire and in other Islamic countries as they were essential indefining time in the Islamic world(3). He also succeeded in accurately measuring the angle of deviation of the circle of constellations, as he estimated it at 23° 31 minutes. In this context, Sarton Says: “Ibn ash-Shatir was a scientist of a great genius. Hestudied the movement of celestial bodies in a very precise way, anddemonstrated that the angle of...

Words: 450 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Wish I May Lyrics

...Last update on September 24th 2015 Wish that I could say these words tonight Wish I have the courage, wish I might Have the chance to show you, speak what's on my mind While you're right next to me, I've loved you from the start Wish that I could walk you down the road Share each moment, have my hand to hold My imagination's, beginning to unfold Every wish is granted, every dream and hope Wish I may, wish I might find a way to your heart Wish that I'll be the sun to warm you all through your life Wish you may feel my love that is hidden in the stars Wish I may, wish I might be the one Maybe now I'm ready to be found That I'll be a part of who you are A promise of forever, never break your heart Always there to listen, always by your side Wish I may, wish I might find a way to your heart Wish that I'll be the sun to warm you all through your life Wish you may feel my love that is hidden in the stars Wish I may, wish I might be the one (Wish I may, wish I might find a way to your heart wish that I'll be the sun to warm you all through your life) Wish you may feel my love that is hidden in the stars Wish I may, wish I might be the one Wish I may, wish I might be the one...

Words: 256 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Dry Bowser Research Paper

...Bowser, highly known as King Koopa, is a dark magic concealing Koopa Troopa. In the beginning, Bower’s first 3 names were supposed to be Kuppa, Yukke, or Bibimbap. Instead he ended up with Bowser which in Japanese means, “water supply tank.” (Greenring). Bower actually hates swimming via he’s a fire - breathing Koopa, but he is extremely good at it (Greenring). Dark Magic is used by Bowser in an attempt to turn all the civilized citizens into inanimate objects (Newman). Koopa Troopas have green shells. A specific Koopa Troopa character is Koopa Kid (Newman). Paratroopa is a Koopa Troopa with wings and a red shell. Dry Bones is the skeleton of a Koopa Troopa. Bowser Junior is Bowser's son, and the same species as his father. Dry Bowser is...

Words: 338 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Ap World History Dbqs

...thinking. They would exchange ideas about science, mathematics , medicine, astronomy and philosophy. It was important because, they produced many things out of the ideas in science, mathematics , medicine, astronomy and philosophy. 3. In the Roman Republic there were two classes, the patricians and the plebeians. The patricians were wealthy landowner who controlled the government while the plebeians were common people. 4. The Romans...

Words: 1192 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Impact Of Political Islam

...Ottoman period Islam had spread throughout the world. The importance of Islamic law is that there is not enforcement against non-Muslim people. In this essay, I will explain the three concepts about Political Islam which is origins of Islam, Islamic states and impact of political Islam by giving specific examples from medieval and current Islamic thinkers and leaders. Introduction From the beginning, political movements of Islam...

Words: 2354 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Convevencia

...history of medieval Europe is told it is only from the view point of Christianity however, the story of medieval Europe from an Islamic point of view is in many ways far more vital to the true history. Early Islam was a powerful force in Europe that revived old and created new cities. As the Muslims moved into a Spain under the Visigoths, they took control in a swift and fairly bloodless invasion in 711 and even reached as far as southern France by 719. The ruling Umayyad family in Muslim Spain, al-Andalus, was slaughtered and all but one had died out by the year 1031. The Muslim faithful stayed in the al-Andalus area and in the eleventh century Europe saw a large number of Muslim converts bringing a new and highly advanced Islamic culture to Europe. The main city of Cordoba was the headquarters of all things “high-tech”. Cordoba had grand mosques, libraries, hospitals, paved streets, street lamps, schools, homes with running water, all things that cities like London and Paris would not see for another 700 years. Some of the early Muslims in Cordoba pioneered medicine with pharmacology along with astronomy and philosophy. Most notably a philosopher/astronomer named Averroes whose translation of Aristotle from Greek to Arabic to Latin shocked the world at the time. As time went on the Muslim rule weakened and the Christians in the north took advantage. They launched a re-conquest of southern Spain from the Muslims; by 1013 they had taken the city of Cordoba. Muslim rule was...

Words: 1021 - Pages: 5