...Memory Management Requirements POS/355 Introduction to Operating Systems March 3, 2014 Paul Rouk Introduction The main memory of a computer is divided into two categories; the operating system and programs that are currently being executed. Memory management itself is the task of subdivision. There are also four basic requirements to memory management which include; relocation, protection, sharing, logical organization and physical organization. Relocation Main memory is generally shared among a number of various processes. Since programmers cannot know in advance what other programs will be using the main memory when their program is executed thus creates the need for having the ability to swap processes in and out of the main memory. During swapping it is possible that the memory may be placed within different memory regions. Protection Each process should be protected against unwanted interference by other processes. This means programs in other processes should not be able to reference memory locations in a process for reading or writing purposes without permission. Since the operating system is unable to anticipate all of the memory references that a program will make it is important; the hardware rather than the software must satisfy the memory protection requirements. Sharing When it comes to sharing the protection mechanism must have the flexibility to allow several processes to access the same portion of the main memory. The memory management system...
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...Memory Management Requirements Main memory is an important part in a computer system because the operating system and many user applications must input into the main memory before the execution stage begins. The effectiveness of memory management affects the efficiency of the computer system. Efficient amount of memory must be obtainable to reduce the quantity of processor idle time while the computer’s devices are arranging to react. Effect memory management consists of a series of important requirements, which are relocation, protection, sharing, logical and physical organization. Relocation Once a source code is translated into an object code, there is no indication were loading of the code will occur when a program asks for it to execute. The code may even reside in a different portion of the memory every time the run is executed (Stallings, 2012). Program occasionally will switch in and out of memory and reside in different physical locations at different times. Physical addresses to the instructions and data values in programs are impossible to assign by the translator. Precise physical addresses must be located once the program code and data are loaded by the processor and operating system (Stallings, 2012). Memory management decides where instructions and data are located and relocation is a method of changing the logical address to physical address (AW-BC, 2013). Protection Once two programs occupy memory simultaneously, the programs can interfere with each other...
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...To begin, memory management is the task carried out by the operating system to accommodate multiple processes by sub-dividing the memory. In a multiprogramming system, proper memory management is a necessity. While the processor is at idle, it is necessary to have memory allocated for other processes to use any remaining processor time. There are five requirements that memory management is meant to handle: Relocation, Protection, Sharing, Logical Organization, and Physical Organization (Stallings, 2012). To help maximize processor utilization, we create a large pool for processes that are ready to be executed to be swapped into from the main memory. When a program is swapped back in, it helps to relocate it to a different part of memory, rather than the same main memory region as before. This is more efficient than to have to find and place the program into the same region. The memory management unit also has to work with concurrency (Memory Management, n.d.). The unit should move the program and deal with memory references and addresses of the program. This will make sure that they make it to the right location in the memory. To help ensure smooth and efficient program usage, each process needs to be protected from interruptions, whether they are intended or by accident (Stallings, 2012). To help prevent these interruptions, any other program will need permission to reference memory locations for reading or writing purposes. We cannot ensure complete protection at compile...
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...Importance of Addressing Memory Management Requirements When Building an Operating System. POS/355 University of Phoenix, Axia Importance of Addressing Memory Management Requirements When Building an Operating System. The Memory is the most important part of the CPU. The CPU has a program called a memory manager which is needed to keep track of what the memory is being used on and how much. When building an Operating System you must keep some things in mind such as basic cache structure, and content- addressable memory. With basic cache structure it is used by cache memory which is similar to virtual memory. It takes low speed memory which is duplicated and stored in a high speed cache memory. When it request memory the request first goes to the cache memory and if it doesn’t respond it is then sent to the main memory. With content-addressable memory (CAM) it is a special type of memory which is used in very high speed applications. It is better known as associative array which is used for programming data structure. You must also keep in mind that address mapping and relocation is also important in the management of memory. To have the Operating system send out the information it must know the locations of process control information, the execution stack, and code entry. Inside the program may be memory references in various instructions. Say you put something in your documents but you put it in another name such...
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...Memory Management Requirements Efficient memory management is vital in a multiprogramming system. Memory management is the process in which, the operating system subdivides the user part of the main memory to accommodate multiple ready to go processes. Having multiple processes available in the main memory will allow the processor to be used to its full potential instead of waiting idly for the input/output devices to complete their jobs. Listed below are the requirements that memory management are expected to satisfy. Relocation Requirement Having the ability to swap active processes back and forth from the main memory to disk provides a group of executable processes to keep the processor busy working. It is not to be expected for a programmer to pinpoint ahead of time which programs will be in main memory at the time of implementation of his or her program. When a program is swapped out of the main memory, it would be difficult to figure out when the next swap back into the main memory will be. By the time the process is swapped back into the main memory the area where the process was may be occupied by another process. This location unavailability creates a need to move the process to a different memory location. When a process has been moved to a different location, the processor hardware, and the operation system software work together to decipher the memory references found in the code of the program. This working together of the OPS and the processor hardware...
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...Memory Management Requirements Andrew F. Le University of Phoenix Abstract Memory management is an important subject to understand when dealing with operating systems as a programmer. There are five requirements that memory management needs to satisfy. This includes relocation, protection, sharing, logical organization, and physical organization. Memory Management Requirements Many things need to be taken into consideration when dealing with memory management for an operating system. These include relocation, protection, sharing, logical organization, and physical organization. Relocation As a programmer in a multiprogramming system, it is typical for us not to know ahead of time which other programs will be in the main memory when our program is being executed. According to Stallings, “…we would like to be able to swap active processes in and out of main memory to maximize processor utilization by providing a large pool of ready processes to execute.” (Stallings, 2012) This helps the processor be as efficient as possible when accomplishing a number of processes. Protection1 Since it is important to protect each process against unwanted interference by others, it is crucial to have specific permissions for each one. Something that needs to be considered for the requirements of memory protection is that it must be satisfied by the processor, rather than the operating system. “This is because the OS cannot anticipate all of the memory references that a program will...
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...Memory Management Requirements Steven Windham POS/355 Professor: Kelvin Upson Before I can discuss the requirements of memory management, I first have to define what memory management is. According to information found at the following location, http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/memory-management, “memory management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigning portions called blocks to various running programs to optimize overall system performance. Memory management resides in hardware, in the OS (operating system), and in programs and applications.” Also, memory management is simply stated as the act of managing computer memory. Now that we have an understanding of what memory management is we can discuss the requirements for three different components hardware, OS, and application level. First, we will look at memory management requirements (MMR) for hardware. Hardware is considered to be physical components of a computer that store data like Random Accessed Memory (RAM), memory caches, and flash-based solid state drives. I located the following information about MMR at, http://www/memorymanagement.org/mmref/begin.html, “Memory management at the hardware level is concerned with the electronic devices that actually store data. This includes things like RAM and memory caches.” RAM can be upgraded, which in turn will speed up the computer. Next, we will discuss MMR for the OS. MMR for the OS is different than it is for hardware...
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...Markus Robinson Memory Management James Welti, Jr. POS/355 July 10, 2015 Memory Management And Its Requirements Memory management is the act of managing computer memory at the system level. The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for reuse when no longer needed. Memory needs to be allocated to ensure a reasonable supply of ready processes to consume available processor time. Memory management also involves subdividing memory to accommodate multiple processes. This process, involving controlling and coordinating computer memory, assigns portions called blocks to various running programs. By doing this the overall system performance is optimized to its maximum performance. Memory management resides in hardware, the operating system, as well as in programs and applications. Within hardware, memory management involves components that physically store data. The components that are involved in memory management include random access memory (RAM) chips, memory caches, and flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs). As users demand change, memory management involves the allocation and ongoing reallocation of specific memory blocks to individual programs in the operating system. By combining two related tasks, known as allocation and recycling, application memory management ensures the availability of adequate memory for the objects and data structures of each running...
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...Memory Management Requirements Memory management requirement is important to operating systems. The memory management function is to manage the computer’s primary memory storage. Since all new computers and laptops run multiple programs at any one time, it is imperative to manage what programs can run in the main memory or RAM and which programs can be swapped to secondary memory storage. Using memory management techniques and virtual memory systems process can efficiently manage an operating system. The quality of these techniques or systems can have an extensive effect on the overall system performance of the operating system. Memory management methods such as single allocation, partitioned allocation, paged memory management, and segmented memory management are processes that are used to determine how memory is distributed through different processes. This process decides which program gets a space of the main memory, when the program can get the space, and how much memory space is available for each program. Single contiguous allocation is the easiest memory management method. The entire computer’s memory, except for the operating systems reserved memory, is available to a single application. Any operating system that uses single contiguous allocation can still multi-task by swapping the contents of memory to switch among applications. A partitioned allocation splits the main memory into multiple main memory partitions. In addition, each partition may contain information...
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...Memory management requirements can be broken up into five different sections: Relocation, Protection, Sharing, Local organization, and Physical organization. Many online resources confirm these exact requirements and seem to have the same information published so it is difficult to find something unique. It will be necessary to use information from the referenced textbook to explain memory management requirements. In a multiprogramming system, relocation is the act of moving a process into different areas of memory from which it began. To maximize efficiency, processes move into and out of main memory. Relocation therefore is essential for moving the process into available memory while keeping the memory reference information up to date. Protection of memory is best understood as preventing unwanted access to processes resident in memory and allowing authorized access only to the level allowed when permission is granted. It is important to understand that the physical processor and not the operating system is responsible for protecting memory since the operating system cannot always be scanning for memory reference violations (Stallings, 2012). Sharing capabilities are essential to reduce the amount of wasted or duplicated data in memory. Stallings stated, “The memory management system must therefore allow controlled access to shared areas of memory without compromising essential protection” (p. 309). In addition, shared memory is one of the fastest methods used for interprocess...
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...Memory Management Paper Gene Cotton POS/355 Terance Carlson 10/06/2014 The act of managing computer memory is known as memory management. This system is also known for allocating memory for certain programs as requested. Managing the memory properly is vital to any CPU system. If the there isn’t enough memory to run a program or application then the CPU may freeze or fail. There are two types of memory allocations systems that are commonly used Virtual Memory and Garbage Collection. Virtual Memory systems separate memory from physical addresses to distinguish between the amounts of RAM used efficiently through disk swapping. Basically the quality of the virtual manager can positively or negatively impact the overall CPU performance. The Garbage collection system is a distribution and or redistribution of the computer memory cores for a program or application. Usually this is maintained and managed at the programming level. The downside to Garbage collection is it may take up a large amount of total processing time and this also can affect the outcome of CPU performance. With memory management systems on multi-tasking operating systems the virtual memory programs must be able to be launched from different parts of the memory at any given time. So relocation is very important and is a requirement. The reason behind this is that when a program is closed or swapped back into memory it may not always be transitioned back to same place it came from. Most virtual memory...
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...Memory Management Requirements Cynthia Thompson POS/355 July 27, 2015 E’ Forrest Boyd Memory Management Requirements. Memory management is essential to a computer system. Memory management is the location of memory for a system that helps transmit information to programs when need it. It is the center of memory organization. Including the main memory and secondary memory. Main memory being smaller and less permanent, leaving the secondary memory being larger and for long term memory. The memory management requirements are relocation, protection, sharing, logical organization, and physical organization. To begin, relocation is to remove or uninstall a program once it is established in the main memory and then reinstalling it to a different part of the main memory. These programs are usually unknown and easy to swap. Next, protection that ties in with relocation. Relocation, especially unpredictable relocations, weakens the protection by swapping programs to different areas. Protection prevents all interference whether intentional or not. The requirement of protections helps keep everything running smoothly. Enforces specific programs to run their own specific instructions and denies access if not. And before programs run, they are checked. When it comes to sharing it makes the protection be flexible. Although, sharing allows access without with out threatening the protection, making it possible. Sharing gives you the ability to work...
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...Memory Management Paper Scott Wells University of Phoenix Memory Management Paper There are six memory management requirements that will discussed in this paper. Those requirements are relocation, protection, sharing, logical organization, and physical organization. Memory management is the act of managing the computer’s memory, this basically means the steps necessary to provide ways of allocating portions of memory to programs at their request and feeing it up for reuse when no longer needed (Stallings, 2012). This management system is critical to the computer system. In order for memory management to multi-task it must utilize and deal with the six requirements of memory management. The first one of these requirements utilized is the relocation of memory. Relocation of memory pertains to programs that are swapped from the memory during different stages of processing (Stallings, 2012). In the virtual memory programs must be able to switch and reside in different parts of memory at different times. Once memory has been swapped out it will not always be replaced back into the same part of the memory. Memory management should be able to relocate programs in memory to handle memory references so they always relocate to the right location of the memory. In order for this process of memory swapping to work right there must be some type of address translation. This leads to the next requirement of memory management which is protection. Protection refers to protecting...
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...Memory Management Paper Edward Mellon POS355 6/10/13 BHUPINDER SINGH There are several policies associated with memory management, and in order for it to function properly, there are several requirements that need to be met. First is relocation. When a source code program is translated into object code by a translator or interpreter or assembler, it does not know by itself where the code will be loaded when the program is run. It may actually occupy a different area of memory each time the program is run. A program can be swept in and out of memory; it may occupy different address locations at different times. This is because the translator cannot assign absolute physical addresses to instructions and data values in programs, but once the program is run, the CPU and OS must be able to reference those physical addresses. With relocation, the logical referenced addresses are converted to a physical address so that the code and values can be seen. Next is protection. Program access space includes process control information, program code, data segment and stack or heap space. The operating system must protect the address space of a process from that of another process. It must be able to block unauthorized access...
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...Memory Management Requirements POS/355-BSB February 2013 Memory Management Requirements. Memory management is an important part of the computer system. The correct amounts of memory need to be available for different functions at the same time so not to slow the processor too much. Relocation, protection sharing, physical organization, and logical organization all are key components in memory management. Relocation is the first we will talk about, this is when main memory is swapped out and relocated to different addresses also in the main memory, for instance when using a multiple processor system. This allows the processors to work with specific amounts of memory for each task and not be bogged down. Memory protection sharing, this is when multiple systems and or processes need to use the same areas of memory as each other and will then share it with the areas needed so these systems may use it at the same time. Physical organization is where the main and secondary memory is located so it can access other systems directly. It must be in a specific place to allow this access without having to go through other parts of the system to get to the parts it needs most often. Logical organization is done by putting things in an order so the system knows where to find them quickly and easily. This allows programs to access memory without hesitation or conflict. When the logical organization...
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