Free Essay

Mental Model Presentation

In:

Submitted By aza81
Words 710
Pages 3
Background

Talk about Mental Models - Deeply ingrained assumptions, generalization or even pictures or images that influence how we understand the world and how we take actions.

Very often, we are not consciously aware of our mental models or the effects on our behavior.

The discipline of working with mental models start by turning the mirror inward - unearth our internal pictures of the world, bring them to the surface and hold them rigorously to scrutiny.

Today, my partner, Joyce and myself will share one principle, and one tool that can help us uncover our mental models : The Ladder of Inference & The Left Hand Column

Ladder of Inference

To share a non-work scenario first -

Case Scenario 1 - Part 1
A taxi driver had a son who is serving national service in Lim Chu Kang and he usually checks in by 2359hrs, or just before midnight. One day, he decided to send his son to camp. On the way back, after he dropped his son, the taxi driver had to pass by a cemetery just up ahead from the camp.

When driving, he saw a lady wearing a red dress and let down hair, extending her hand, seemingly calling for the taxi to stop. She was alone. The taxi driver, thought, why would a lady, some more in red, at that moment in time, doing on the road side near the cemetery? Without giving a second thought, he quickly decided to drive off.

Case Scenario 1 - Part 2
1 week later, the taxi driver received letter from his company of a complaint by a lady for not picking her up. She had snapped the license plate number and lodged a formal complaint. Apparently, she had followed her boyfriend back to Lim Chu Kang camp in his bike, and after she booked in, she wanted to take a cab along the roadside near the cemetery, thinking it’s easier to get one.

(Show ladder of inference) – Only shoe Observable data + Actions. Use icon as per video.

Observable Data - lady in red by cemetery roadside at midnight. Wouldn’t think she is from camp, esp at this time
Meaning – Culturally, red lady = vengeful lady ghost spirit. Personally, always been told all sorts of ghost stories since young
Conclusion – Therefore lady = ghost
Beliefs – reinforce cultural notion, and indeed, ghosts do exist!
Actions - Siam lah!

Highlight reflexive loop

- All of us have beliefs, which are based on conclusions that are inferred from what we observe, plus our experience. - Problem happens when we assume: > Write out on the board ➢ Our beliefs ARE the truth ➢ The truth is OBVIOUS ➢ Our beliefs are based on REAL data ➢ The data we select ARE THE REAL DATA

Chris Argris calls this fallacy the ladder of inference – “a common mental pathway of increasing abstraction, often leading to misguided beliefs.”

Case Scenario 2
Show another Ladder of Inference with work example of;
Observable Data – the meeting was called for 9am and John came in at 9.30am. He didn’t say why, and it’s not the first time.
Meaning – John knew exactly when the meeting was to start. He deliberately came in late.
Conclusion – John always come in late.
Beliefs – We can’t count on John. He’s unreliable.

To counter / overcome Ladder of Inference

Show preferred loop from Actions to Data

Conclusion - End with Benny Hill Video

Don’t make assumptions. Video will show what Oscar Wilde thought about assumptions, courtesy of Benny Hill.

http://gwynteatro.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/climbing-the-ladder-of-inference/
-----------------------
Question: 1. What did the driver see or observe in the above story? 2. What did the driver seem the belief? 3. What actions did the driver the take? 4. Do you think the driver will pick up any lady in white around midnight near the cemetery in the near future?

1. Become more aware of your own thinking and reasoning, via reflection. 2. Make your thinking and reasoning more visible to others via advocacy 3. Inquiring into other’s thinking and reasoning 4. What are the observable data behind the statement 5. Does everyone agree on what the data is? 6. Can you run through the reasoning? 7. How do you get that data from these abstract examples? 8. When you said “(YOUR INFERENCE)”, did you mean “(MY INTEPRETATION)”? > Clarify 9.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Mindsets

...Mental model/Mindsets Name: Institution: Introduction AAA Transportation has been a well-established company. The firm deals with transporting wholesale produce which are perishable. The firm has been acquired by new owners and they have identified a new business opportunity. The new idea is to transport nonperishable goods together with the perishable good. Two coworkers emerge and are resistant to this venture. They are citing that AAA is not strong enough to compete and it is not a good idea. What are affecting the two coworkers are the mental models/mindsets. The management will work on changing the mental models/mindsets of the two and include them t in the new line of business. The idea is important to all the staffs and the new owners and when exploited it will make a difference in the company. Four steps to changing mental models/mindsets There are four major steps that can be utilized to change the mental models/mindset at an individual who defies change. The first step is to comprehend the power and limits of mental models/mindset. [Crook 2006]. Change is always inevitable. Changing the mindset of a person is not an easy task; it needs time to bring the change. The person naturally recognizes the surrounding of the environment around him. In the scenario of Vernon and Bud, they don’t see the emerging ventures because of the comfort zone in the business. The firm may not have the mighty to compete with other companies...

Words: 1376 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Learning Organization

...Running head: WE’VE ALWAYS DONE IT THIS WAY! WE’VE ALWAYS DONE IT THIS WAY! Dale Chaisson Brandman University Self, Systems, & Leadership Dr. Brooks November 21, 2013 We’ve Always Done It This Way! Is it possible for an organization to succeed without some type of Learning System in place? If so, how does one quantify the success statistics? What is the culture like? Does this organization promote upward mobility? These are some of the issues, problems, and concerns I’m faced with in my current situation. Hopefully, during the course of my research and dissection of my organization I’ll be able to pinpoint the ROOT CAUSE. All to often we (human beings) tend to take the least path of resistance of any particular situation at any given time. Well, it’s time to face the music-so to speak. It’s time we cycle back and match our vision with reality. I can remember my first day speaking with the team, boy was that an eye opener! All I heard was, “this is how it’s supposed to be done. However this how WE do it because my way is proven-and has been for the last 30 years. So you just do what I say and you should be okay.” Needless to say, I knew right then and there I had my work cut out for me. As I met more and more co-workers the common theme was, “ just stay under the radar and you’ll be okay.” learning disabilities of this magnitude pose a huge threat to everyone’s forward progress. Yes, my company has a cornucopia of learning disabilities. The following is my...

Words: 2233 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Conference

...Personality and ability have major implications for how people feel, think and behave in organizations. Based on your review of Chapter 4 and on individual personality differences – present your views on this quote “Organizations should or should not select or hire prospective employees on the basis of their personality traits” In a general sense, I completely agree with this statement. People are hired on credentials such as experience or education, so this is merely another criteria albeit an important one. It is always a good idea to hire people who will mesh well with the organizations values and beliefs. The values and beliefs are typically what will dictate the environment and thus culture of an organization. Take Google for example. Google’s unorthodox culture of having fun and being innovative probably wouldn’t mesh well with someone that has a high external locus of control as they prefer structured, directed work environments as explained by Daft & Lane (2011). However, I also feel that the level or degree of desirable traits versus undesirable and the extent of value placed in them should play a role in evaluating candidates. This is especially true in leadership roles. Daft & Lane (2011) conclude that a person with a high level of authoritarianism would not work well with a team with an equally high level of dogmatism which would typically result in lower productivity and morale. However, if both sides have a lower to moderate level of those two characteristics...

Words: 959 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Mental Model Essay - Organisational Learning

...How can your mental models about your world both assist and limit your perceptions when you meet a person for the first time? Mental models are psychological representations of real, hypothetical, or imaginary situations (Princeton, 2013). The first known recorded postulation of the mental models theory came from the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce, who stated that reasoning is a process by which humans "examine  the state of things asserted in the premises, forms a diagram of that state of things, perceives in the parts of the diagram relations not explicitly mentioned in the premises, satisfies itself by mental experiments upon the diagram that these relations would always subsist, or at least would do so in a certain proportion of cases, and concludes their necessary, or probable, truth.” Similarly the Scottish psychologist Kenneth Craik suggested that the human mind constructed small scale models of the world for which it used to anticipate events, to reason and to underlie explanation. Modern Cognitive scientists have since debated that the human mind constructs mental models due to perception, imagination and knowledge. Mental models are created through various avenues such as personal experience, social values, religious beliefs, cultural attitudes and norms. Therefore mental models are how we determine and make sense of reality; these can be range from simple generalisations to immensely complex ideas and theories. These models thus underpin all...

Words: 898 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Organizational Behaviour

...into account the personal commitments of each team member and come up with suitable timelines as to when each one can take the responsibility of submitting the assignments. Mutual respect: As mentioned in the common objectives and work organization sections, we would identify the strengths of the team members and also availability and time commitments of each individual and come to a decision as to who takes responsibility for what task and assignment. If one team member is not able to do a particular task in a specific week, the team members would help out. Feedback will be provided with mutual respect to the team members. Functional relations: Teams are more effective when their members share common mental models of the work. We would like to share a common mental model of our work throughout this course to maintain a high level of performance within the group. We respect each member’s feedback and encourage and motivate each other so that everyone feels a sense of belonging and want to make the team more effective. Conflict resolution: If our team members disagree with one team member’s arguments, we provide the explanation as to why we are disagreeing. We would not make that team member feel rejected but motivate and guide him or her in the right direction of thinking. This way we would be able to avoid conflicts among team...

Words: 434 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Mental Models

...YOUR OWN MENTAL MODELS “Investigating Your Own Mental Models” Running Head: INVESTIGATING YOUR OWN MENTAL MODELS 1. 1. Describe the mental model thoroughly, including its origins, how long it has been established, conversations you have heard about it, etc. According to Hrepic (2011), “wider studies of mental model definitions show that no consensus exists about the definition of the term mental model and “some definitions of the concept are even contradictory.” “Canas and Antol”, believe the main reason for disagreements in the definition of the mental model is that the term has been used by researchers who work in different fields and who focused on its different aspects. However, “Van der Veer” believes that although there is no agreement about the exact definition of the concept, in general, “mental model” refers to the internal representations that people form of the environment through their interaction with it”(p. 1). In other words, mental models are believed to be assumptions, beliefs, generalizations even stereotypes of a person’s belief system that is often generated by their experiences. According to Senge (2006), “our mental models determine...

Words: 1783 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Mental Model/Mindsets

...Mental Model/Mindsets Rea Frazier OI 361 March 31, 2015 Mr. Gary Connelly Mental Model/Mindsets Mental models/mindsets are the way in which a person’s thought processes work and how something works in reality. It is an internal representation of the external realities of an individual’s surrounding and life experiences. The representations are what gives us a meaning to cause and affect and is what gives us an idea of what to expect. Mental models and mindset affect a person’s behavior and course of actions. AAA Transport is a wholesale produce transportation company, that is looking to expand from produce only Transportation to nonperishable product transportation as well. Two of their employees, Vernon and Bud, both resistant to change have opposing opinions about the change. I will be discussing Vernon and Bud’s metal model and mindsets and analyzing how they affect their decision making in the workplace. Vernon is the supervisor of AAA Transportation’s drivers and Bud works in AAA Transportation’s corporate offices. Vernon does not feel that it is in the company’s best interest to expand outside of their core business, whereas Bud feel that the AAA Transportation is not stable enough at this time to compete with establish nonperishable transportation companies. The problem is that both Vernon and Bud have been employed at AAA Transportation for over 20 years, and both have grown to be comfortable with the way the company has been for their time spent their. Vernon...

Words: 1120 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Oi 361 Entire Course

...OI 361 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Benefits and Drivers Proposal OI 361 Week 3 Individual Assignment – Mental Models and Mindsets Paper OI 361 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment – Strategy, Process, Product, and Services Paper OI 361 Week 4 Individual Assignment Case Study Creative Thinkers Outline Paper and Presentation OI 361 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment – Mental Models and Mindsets Paper OI 361 Week 5 Individual Assignment – Organizational Transformation Q&A OI 361 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment – Innovation Process Paper and Presentation OI 361 Entire Course Purchase here http://homeworkonestop.com/OI%20361/oi-361-entire-course Product Description OI 361 Weeks 1-5 All DQ’s OI 361 Week 1 Individual Assignment Definitions Paper OI 361 Week 2 Individual Assignment Organizational Impact Paper OI 361 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Benefits and Drivers Proposal OI 361 Week 3 Individual Assignment – Mental Models and Mindsets Paper OI 361 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment – Strategy, Process, Product, and Services Paper OI 361 Week 4 Individual Assignment Case Study Creative Thinkers Outline Paper and Presentation OI 361 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment – Mental Models and Mindsets Paper OI 361 Week 5 Individual Assignment – Organizational Transformation Q&A OI 361 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment – Innovation Process Paper and Presentation OI 361 Entire Course Purchase here http://homeworkonestop.com/OI%20361/oi-361-entire-course Product...

Words: 620 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Oi361

...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |School of Business | | |OI/361 Version 1 | | |Innovation, Design, and Creativity | | |for a Competitive Advantage | Copyright © 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course will provide students with a solid foundation in innovation, design, and creativity. Additionally, students will be prepared to apply relevant principles, tools, and techniques to promote and sustain organizational innovation for competitive advantage. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change...

Words: 1446 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Oi361 Syllabys

...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |School of Business | | |OI/361 Version 2 | | |Innovation, Design, and Creativity for a | | |Competitive Advantage | Copyright © 2012, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course will provide students with a solid foundation in innovation, design, and creativity. Additionally, students will be prepared to apply relevant principles, tools, and techniques to promote and sustain organizational innovation for competitive advantage. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure...

Words: 1711 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Psy 410 Assist Pride in Excellence/Psy410Assistdotcom

...410Week 2 Discussion Question 1 PSY 410Week 2 Discussion Question 2 PSY 410 Week 2 Annotated Bibliography (2 Set) PSY 410Week 3 Discussion Question 1 PSY 410Week 3 Discussion Question 2 PSY 410 Week 3 Neuro developmental and Neuro cognitive Disorders Paper (2 Papers) PSY 410 Week 3 Treatment of Neuro developmental and Neuro cognitive Disorders Presentation (2 Set) PSY 410Week 4 Discussion Question 1 PSY 410Week 4 Discussion Question 2 PSY 410 Week 4 Substance Related Treatment Presentation (2 PPT) PSY 410 Week 4 Treatment of Personality Disorders Debate (2 Paper) PSY 410Week 5 Discussion Question 1 PSY 410Week 5 Discussion Question 2 PSY 410 Week 5 Individual Programmatic Assessment PSY 410 Week 5 Psychological Disorders Presentation (2 PPT) ------------------------------------------------------------------ PSY 410 Week 1 Assignment Worksheet To Purchase This Material Click below Link FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.psy410assist.com Complete the Week One Assignment Worksheet. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. Week One Assignment Worksheet Match the definitions to the correct theoretical model. 1. _____ Experiences as a child affect life. Child is influenced by caretaker but also has a part in development. 2. _____ 2–3 years of age and the body wants to retain and eliminate. 3. _____ When a stimulus elicits a specific response 4. _____ 6–12 years of age; skills and activities are the focus, rather...

Words: 859 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

The State of Mental Health

...The State of Mental Health The State of Mental Health- A Community Teaching Project. Mental health is an issue that effects all communities, and every aspect of the nursing profession. The lack of mental health resources in this county means that mental health issues become an even bigger social issue. As member of the health care profession we are in a unique position to shed light to the general public on this issue and the need for legislation to provide services and protection to those with mental health issues. Healthy People 2020 defines mental health as a state of successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with challenges. Mental health is essential to personal well-being, family and interpersonal relationships, and the ability to contribute to community or society. It goes on to describe mental illness as all definable diagnosis relating to mental health. (Healthy People 2020, 2016). One of the most common causes of disability in the U.S. is mental illness and as a result it places a tremendous burden on society. An estimated one in seventeen adults in the United States suffers from some form of mental illness. Suicide is the eleventh leading cause of death in the United States. Mental health and physical well-being are closely intertwined. Diseases like depression can limit a person’s abilities to participate in health promoting activities...

Words: 1788 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Software Engineering

...attention to itself. Graphic design may be utilized to support its usability. The design process must balance technical functionality and visual elements (e.g., mental model) to create a system that is not only operational but also usable and adaptable to changing user needs. OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of user interface design are: * To suggest some general design principles for user interface design * To explain different interaction styles and their use * To explain when to use graphical and textual information presentation * To explain the principal activities in the user interface design process (interaction activities) * To introduce usability attributes and approaches to system evaluation USER INTERFACE: * System users often judge a system by its interface rather than its functionality * A poorly designed interface can cause a user to make catastrophic errors * Poor user interface design is the reason why so many software systems are never used * Most users of business systems interact with these systems through graphical user interfaces (GUIs) * In some cases, legacy text-based interfaces are still used UI DESIGN PRINCIPLES: UI design must take account of the needs, experience and capabilities of the system users. Designers should be aware of people’s physical and mental limitations (e.g. limited...

Words: 1712 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Team Building

...shared mental models, trust, and closed loop communication. Each of the dimensions is playing a really important role in determining the process and performance of the team. I am in group 7 in class A for the case competition. For the mock case competition in Team Building class, we designed an action plan and a contract in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our group work. The action plan and contract set out the standard and target at each point of our group work procedure. By following the plan and contract, we made a big progress than the first group assignment. As for the real case competition, we also signed the contract and adapted the action plan. By following the procedures outlined in the plan, we carried out the work process faster with less time wasted on the misunderstanding and repetition. Firstly, I want to start with the action contract. By the time we received the case, we designed an action contract on which every group members signed. The Contract basically set out the outline of the group work periodic targets, the barriers of reaching the targets, and the plan to over come the barriers. The contract functioned well as a Team orientation of the team effectiveness model. Each of the team members obtained an understanding of the overall and periodic objectives of the work, the approaches to share the information and the strategies to overcome the potential barriers. Also, the action contract referred to the shared mental models...

Words: 837 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Syllabus

...norms, such as non-malfeasance, patient autonomy, and confidentiality are explained. (3 credits) TEXT: Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Standards, research and emerging issues (4th edition) Elizabeth Reynolds Welfel (2013) Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage ISBN13: 978-0-8400-2858-7 American Counselor Association Code of Ethics http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4 Code of Ethics of the American Mental Health Counseling Association. Available on-line at www.amhca.org/ethics.html American School Counselor Association Ethical Standards for School Counselors, Available on-line at www.schoolcounselor.org/library/ethics.pdf Program Outcomes (PO) – Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling Program Outcome (PO) Code | Program Outcomes (POs) | Program Goal (PG) Alignment | * PO1 | * Students will identify and describe the application of the American Mental Health Counseling Association standards in order to qualify to take the licensing examination in Mental Health Counseling required by New York State |...

Words: 4592 - Pages: 19