...ASSESSING METHANOL PRODUCTION IN CHINA FOR METHANEX by Gabriel Wong Bachelor in Business Administration, Simon Fraser University, 2000 PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In the Faculty of Business Administration © Gabriel Wong, 2010 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Gabriel Wong Degree: Master of Business Administration Title of Project: Assessing Methanol Production in China for Methanex Supervisory Committee: __________________________________________ Dr. Pek-Hooi Soh Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor __________________________________________ Dr. Aidan Vining Second Reader CNABS Professor of Business and Government Relations Date Approved: __________________________________________ i ABSTRACT Methanex is the world leader in methanol production and marketing. China is an important market; by 2014 it is forecasted to account for 50% of global demand. The purpose of this project is to determine whether Methanex should invest in methanol production in China. The project approach uses a multi-goal analysis focusing on three goals: (1) Consistent with Corporate Vision, (2) Sustainment of Existing Competitive Advantages, and (3) Profitability. Based on the analysis, the project...
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...elarson@princeton.edu Ren Tingjin Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China This paper reports detailed process designs and cost assessments for production of clean liquid fuels (methanol and dimethyl ether) by indirect coal liquefaction (ICL). Gasification of coal produces a synthesis gas that can be converted to liquid fuel by synthesis over appropriate catalysts. Recycling of unconverted synthesis gas back to the synthesis reactor enables a larger fraction of the coal energy to be converted to liquid fuel. Passing synthesis gas once over the synthesis catalyst, with unconverted synthesis gas used to generate electricity in a gas turbine combined cycle, leads to less liquid fuel production, but provides for a significant second revenue stream from sale of electricity. Recently-developed liquid-phase synthesis reactors are especially attractive for ‘‘oncethrough’’ processing. Both ‘‘recycle’’ and ‘‘once-through’’ plant configurations are evaluated in this paper. Because synthesis catalysts are poisoned by sulfur, essentially all sulfur must be removed upstream. Upstream removal of CO2 from the synthesis gas is also desirable to maximize synthesis productivity, and it provides an opportunity for partial decarbonization of the process, whereby the removed CO2 can be captured for underground storage. The analysis here suggests that co-capture and co-storage of CO2 and H2S (if this is proven technically feasible) could have important favorable impacts...
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...Figure4A.7 UV scan of aceclofenac in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 Interpretation- From the UV scan of Aceclofenac, maximum absorbance was observed at 273 nm in media Phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 at different concentration. The reported λmax is 273 nm, hence it can be taken as working wavelength for UV spectroscopic analysis of aceclofenac. 4A.2.3. Standard calibration curve of Aceclofenac in Phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 Standard plot was prepared using a concentration range 5 to 30 μg /ml. Table 4A.3 Calibration curve of Aceclofenac in phosphate buffer 7.4 Concentration (μg/ml) Absorbance 0 0.00 5 0.096±0.001 10 0.217±0.0005 15 0.311±0.001 20 0.409±0.001 25 0.498±0.001 30 0.602±0.001 Figure 4A.8. Standard calibration curve for aceclofenac in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 Interpretation- Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5 to 30 μg/ml as R2value was found to be 0.998, readings were taken in triplicate and standard deviation was calculated which was found to be under...
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...acetate monomer, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate). Acetic acid is a multimillion ton market with strong growth potential driven by downstream industry developments in vinyl acetate, polyesters, solvents, and specialties. Acetic acid provides a chemical platform serving several value chains focused on adhesives and coatings, apparel, engineering polymers, generic pharmaceuticals, oilfield chemicals and foodstuffs. Today, acetic acid is made in large scale mainly by methanol carbonylation, exploiting competitive sources of synthesis gas derived from natural gas and coal, with the latter focused mainly on China. Technology for downstream acetyls production is generally closely held by a few companies, in effect restricting market access, with some exceptions, as for applications like vinyl acetate and pure terephthalic acid, which are more accessible. Acetic acid can be derived from biomass for the food industry, but this is generally restricted to low scale operations. Hence, the concept behind this study is an analysis of the conversion of biomass into acetyls exploiting combinations of commercial processes at capacities commensurate with commercial scales of biomass processing. Nexant has examined acetyls production based on both fermentation ethanol and gasification platforms. As a platform chemical, ethanol can support ethylene production via dehydration. Combinations of ethylene and ethanol processing technologies can lead to cost effective acetyls and derivatives production...
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...discussion 3.1. Preparation conditions of molecularly imprinted polymer The preparation process of MIP is quite simple, but a number of factors which affect the polymerization and imprinted effect have to be taken to account. For the synthesis of the MIP, MAA was chosen as the functional monomer because, from the previous experience, this is the best functional monomer in order to establish selective hydrogen bonding interactions with the functional groups of bentazon. Another important parameter that affected the capability of MIP synthesized in the synthesis process is molar ratio of template/monomer/cross-linker. Only appropriate molar ratio of template/monomer can afford high selectivity with MIP. And the amount of cross-linker should be high enough to maintain the stability of the recognition sites (Andersson et al, 1999). Through complex optimization experiments, the MIP...
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...Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369204 Review Article Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant Juliana Félix-Silva,1 Raquel Brandt Giordani,2 Arnóbio Antonio da Silva-Jr,1 Silvana Maria Zucolotto,2 and Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa1 1 Laborat´rio de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacˆutica (TecBioFar), Programa de P´ s-graduacao em Ciˆncias o e o ¸˜ e Farmacˆuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, e Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o 2 Laborat´rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm´ cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), o a Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o Correspondence should be addressed to Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa; mpedrosa31@uol.com.br Received 24 February 2014; Revised 1 May 2014; Accepted 1 May 2014; Published 5 June 2014 Academic Editor: Shi-Biao Wu Copyright © 2014 Juliana F´lix-Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution e License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,”...
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... Department of chemical engineering, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT Nature utilizes CO2 to produce countless substances that are consumed by humans as well as animals. Many industrial procedures aim to accelerate the utilization of CO2. There are mainly three pathways for using CO2 and namely they are conversion of CO2 to fuel, utilization of CO2 as a feedstock for chemicals and non-conversion use of CO2. [1] The technologies to moderate CO2 emissions are essential for the chemical industry to become “greener”. An alternative to carbon capture is the use of CO2 as a feedstock in the production of valuable products such as methanol. [5]by using Electro reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) which combines captured CO2 with water to produce high value materials. Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Methanol; Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) ________________________________________ 1 Introduction-1 Carbon dioxide plays a key role in producing the greenhouse effect. It is...
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...elsevier.com/locate/enconman Hydrogen production by onboard gasoline processing – Process simulation and optimization Vega Bisaria, R.J. Byron Smith ⇑ Process Systems Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 5 September 2012 Accepted 2 August 2013 Keywords: Onboard fuel processor Hydrogen Fuel cell vehicles Process Simulation a b s t r a c t Fuel cell vehicles have reached the commercialization stage and hybrid vehicles are already on the road. While hydrogen storage and infrastructure remain critical issues in stand alone commercialization of the technology, researchers are developing onboard fuel processors, which can convert a variety of fuels into hydrogen to power these fuel cell vehicles. The feasibility study of a 100 kW on board fuel processor based on gasoline fuel is carried out using process simulation. The steady state model has been developed with the help of Aspen HYSYS to analyze the fuel processor and total system performance. The components of the fuel processor are the fuel reforming unit, CO clean-up unit and auxiliary units. Optimization studies were carried out by analyzing the influence of various operating parameters such as oxygen to carbon ratio, steam to carbon ratio, temperature and pressure on the process equipments. From the steady state model optimization using Aspen HYSYS, an optimized...
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...is the major cause of death worldwide, claiming over 6 million lives every year. In the recent years alternative therapies have gained importance over conventional cancer therapies for the treatment of cancer [2]. Chemotherapy is restricted by both intrinsic and acquired cell resistance to drugs. [3] This has necessitated the use of natural products for the treatment of cancer. There are compelling evidences for experimental investigations on the efficacy of plant drugs against cancer [4]. It is known that there are links between the inflammatory and nociceptive, oxidative and cancer processes. The ability to inhibit any of the process will definitely lead to the inhibition of the others [5]. Based on the fact that M. calabura fruit possess antioxidant activity, the aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro anticancer activity of methanol extracts of the fruits of M. calabura against HeLa and HEp-2 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Plant Material and Extraction Collection and authentication of fruits of M. calabura Linn were collected from the surrounding areas of Erode, Tamil Nadu state, India during 2008-2009 and the plant was identified and authenticated and deposited (voucher number: BSI/SC/5/23/09-10/Tech-132) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural...
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...days meanwhile for the second group of STZ induced diabetic rats had fed with normal saline as a negative control for 20 days. The two groups of STZ induced diabetic had divided into 2 batches. First batch of diabetic rats was consisted of 6 rats for both groups while the second batch was consisted of 9 rats for both groups. All of the rats in two groups had fasted for 12 hour before induced diabetic via STZ injection. After an injection, the rats with level of fasting blood sampling (FBS) above 200 mg/dl will take for further investigation. Henceforth, the treatment was began in which the Cassia alata aqueous extract will administer orally after 48 hour diabetic induction done for every batch of two groups of induced diabetic rats. This process was completed within 20 days. The provision of treatment was done according to the group, i) the group of induced diabetic rats had given Cassia alata aqueous extract at dosage of 2ml/kg rats weight according to the batch respectively, ii) the negative control group which also induced diabetic rats had...
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...diaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) solution in which the pH had been adjusted to 4 using glacial acetic acid. This Na2EDTA solution helps to avoid binding of the tetracyclines with trace metals in the adsorbents used [23]. Since OTC and TC have similar chemical and physicochemical properties they form chelate complexes with metal ions and bind with proteins and silanol groups in the stationary phase. These undesirable properties have been controlled by the use of EDTA for plate treatment [23]. After the spraying, plates were left for at least 1hour at room temperature and then in an oven at 110oc for 1 hour in order to activate themit before use. Then, a 2µl of solutions of separate individual and mixture of reference standards (OTC and TC) in methanol were applied on HPTLC...
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...Chemical Product and Process Modeling Volume 2, Issue 3 2007 Article 12 Nonlinear Modelling Application in Distillation Column Zalizawati Abdullah, Universiti Sains Malaysia Norashid Aziz, Universiti Sains Malaysia Zainal Ahmad, Universiti Sains Malaysia Recommended Citation: Abdullah, Zalizawati; Aziz, Norashid; and Ahmad, Zainal (2007) "Nonlinear Modelling Application in Distillation Column," Chemical Product and Process Modeling: Vol. 2 : Iss. 3, Article 12. Available at: http://www.bepress.com/cppm/vol2/iss3/12 DOI: 10.2202/1934-2659.1082 ©2007 Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved. Nonlinear Modelling Application in Distillation Column Zalizawati Abdullah, Norashid Aziz, and Zainal Ahmad Abstract Distillation columns are widely used in chemical processes and exhibit nonlinear dynamic behavior. In order to gain optimum performance of the distillation column, an effective control strategy is needed. In recent years, model based control strategies such as internal model control (IMC) and model predictive control (MPC) have been revealed as better control systems compared to the conventional method. But one of the major challenges in developing this effective control strategy is to construct a model which is utilized to describe the process under consideration. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the models that have been implemented in continuous distillation columns. These models are categorized under three major groups: fundamental...
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...TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES College of Engineering and Architecture ANALYSIS IN tire gasification process for alternative electrical energy Megaminds Alorsabes, Danlor P. | | Assistant | Beltran, Andryn Jill D. | | Hardware & Interface 2 | Calaoagan, Saulo N. | | Software 2 | Corporal, Zarah Minette T. | | Scribe 1 | Mabango, Ma. Sholly Louie Rose S. | | Logistic | Marquez, Justine Anne A. | | Leader | Masanque, Marivic | | Treasurer | Sabello, Irizz B. | | Hardware & Interface 1 | Sugay, Emmanuel Jr. M. | | Software 1 | Tria, Kim Keryll G. | | Scribe 2 | Abstract Renewable energy has been a tough challenge to everyone not only here in the Philippines but for the entire world. This dilemma basically answers a big question of how to produce an alternative energy without sacrificing the environment’s status qou. Last 2008, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (Republic Act 9531) which seeks to promote the development of renewable energy resources and its commercialization. It aims to achieve this by providing incentives to institutions that invest in the sector. Sources of renewable energy include the sun, wind, bodies of water, organic matter and the earth’s heat. The campaign for this energy saving and energy producing with a minimal environmental effect has been a trend in today’s rampant consumption of energy generation. In relation to this, the challenge has been shared not only to those...
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...Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 5(14), pp. 1796-1808, 18 July, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE ISSN 1992-2248 ©2010 Academic Journals Review Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas: A review Wilson Parawira Department of Applied Biology, Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Avenue de I' Armee, B. P. 3900 Kigali, Rwanda, E-mail: aparawira@yahoo.co.uk. Tel: +250785561670. Accepted 2 July, 2010 Biodiesel has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be obtained from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and from animal fat. Jatropha curcas Linnaeus, a multipurpose plant, contains high amount of oil in its seeds which can be converted to biodiesel. J. curcas is probably the most highly promoted oilseed crop at present in the world. The availability and sustainability of sufficient supplies of less expensive feedstock in the form of vegetable oils, particularly J. curcas and efficient processing technology to biodiesel will be crucial determinants of delivering a competitive biodiesel. Oil contents, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition of J. curcas reported in literature are provided in this review. The fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel are comparable to those of fossil diesel and confirm to the American and European standards. The objective of this review is to give an update on the J. curcas...
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...Method Development For Analysis Of Pesticides In Water Using Chromatography And Mass Spectrometry An Abstract of a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Chemistry Department Western Illinois University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Prashanth Goud Kunuru September 2013 This thesis follows the style and format of the Journal of Analytical Chemistry ABSTRACT Pesticides are chemicals, artificial or natural substances, used for pest control. They have negative influence on human health when accumulated in the body. Numerous studies have clearly linked pesticides exposures to various diseases including cancer and Parkinson’s disease. Water bodies often serve as a key receiver of harmful pollutants emitted from industrial and domestic sources. Pesticides can often enter water through sewage plants, sewer overflows, surface water runoffs, and leaching from agricultural applications or even through improper disposal. Regulatory issues and public concerns over pesticide residues in water supplies have been increasing, and it is important to develop a reliable method for routine test of pesticides in water supplies. Presented here is a novel solid phase extraction technique using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) followed by chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis for determination of pesticides in water. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the suitability of high pressure...
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