...Introduction The AIC triad is one of the many approaches to secure networks in today's complex computing environments. What makes the AIC triad different from any other theory is that when it is used properly it forms the cornerstone of every aspect of computing and network security. Most IT security practices are focused on protecting systems from loss of confidentiality, loss of integrity, and loss of availability; these three together are referred to as the security triad, the CIA triad, and the AIC triad. Regardless of the order in which the letters are organized in the acronym, they refer to the same principles. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability are the cornerstones to which a network is comprised. Each with its own independent yet very important role in networking. Confidentiality refers to access control and ensures that it is restricted to the individuals who have been previously authorized to access a network or one of its resources. Integrity addresses the validity of data and any networked object. It ensures that the unauthorized changes to the data or object is noticed so that appropriate actions can be taken. Availability’s meaning is essentially as simple as the word itself. It refers to the principle that addresses the need for an authorized user to have access to a resource as quickly as possible based off the networks functioning abilities. Availability In an information technology (IT) environment availability is one of the most important...
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...information, whether it is personal or business related, is vital to the integrity, if not survival of the entity that it belongs to. Personal information can be items like a social security number or a birth date, while sensitive business information can be either patented designs or even customer contact databases. Keeping information like this secure requires methodologies such as the usage of the three tenants of information or otherwise known as the C.I.A. triad (Kim & Solomon, 2011). The three most important parts that makes up this triad are: “Confidentiality”, “Integrity”, and “Availability”. The expanded version of the C.I.A. triad actually contains seven critical characteristics that further emphasize the important role of keeping sensitive information secure. The following paragraphs will explain the nature and detail of each of these seven characteristics. The first characteristic of ensuring information security is confidentiality. This characteristic defines who or what has authorized access to an entity’s sensitive information. The overall goal of this characteristic is to keep access to this information restricted to only those that need to know. A good example of confidentiality is where a car company’s authorized car design team has access to confidential design schematics on a secure computer server for a particular new car but the car company’s competitor does not. Integrity is the next characteristic whereas its goal is in ensuring that the sensitive...
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...RUNNING HEADING: CULTURAL DIFFERENCES University of Phoneix September 23, 2013 Dr. Victoria Anyikwa Culture refers to a set of shared values, beliefs, and norms held by individuals of a group. Culture includes customs, material artifacts, and language that is transmitted from generation to generation. In the United States alone, there are several cultural differences. People do not dress the same, have the same religion, people have different perceptions of the world around them, have different languages, and also have different ways of expressing their personality. Differences between individuals within a culture are much greater than differences within groups. A person's belief, personality, sexual preferences, social standing, education, among other factors affect human behavior and culture. Recognizing and understanding differences in cultural patterns provides a framework for interpreting goals and behaviors of others. The purpose of this paper is to analyze religion and sexual identify/ orientation and point out their significance in understanding cultural differences. Religion Religions throughout the world are distinct in differences and relationship, with some having faith in saints, some in sacrifices and some in multiple gods. Religion is observed throughout the world in unlike traditions in few factors or other and can affect an individual’s behavior in his or her own tradition. According to Santrock (2010), people in numerous traditions will carry...
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...or CAAT’s can be used to validate data and system integrity by using different types such as testing data, integrated test facility and parallel simulation etc. Also by integrating Audit productivity software such as electronic working papers, groupware, and reference libraries, and document management, an auditor’s personal productivity is enhanced. Validating Data Auditors use CAAT’s or computer assisted auditing techniques to validate data. Auditors validate data by using audit productivity software such as ACL. With new technology auditors are now able to extract client data and input into an audit productivity program. The data can then be analyzed quickly and efficiently. Auditors also use data query models that productivity software can help create or one can be created without it. The purpose of the data query model is to determine if the evidence obtained fits with the context of other information obtained during the audit, such as, personnel interviews, tests of controls, risk assessment etc. Computer assisted auditing techniques for validating data have made it easier to keep up with more efficient auditing; because of this another technique used by auditors for validating data is continuous auditing. Continuous auditing can be performed daily to find errors as soon as they arise. Validating System Integrity The different techniques used in computer assisted auditing can help validate system integrity. One of the techniques used in validating...
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...structure and its integrity constraints. A subtle problem of schema integration is considered in its general form, not bound to any particular category of schemas. The proposed solution, as well as the overall theory, is based entirely on schema morphisms that carry both structural and semantic properties. Duality results that apply to the two levels (i.e., the schema and the data levels) are established. These results lead to the main contribution of this paper: a formal schema and data management framework for generic schema management. Implications of this theory are established that apply to integrity problems in schema integration. The theory is illustrated by a particular category of schemas with object-oriented features along with typical database integrity constraints. 1 Introduction This paper presents the core results of a model theory for generic schema management, by which we mean schema and database transformation capabilities that are independent of a particular data model. Such transformations require major database programming tasks, such as integrating source schemas when building a data warehouse or integrating different user views into an overall database schema. In spite of nontrivial typing issues created by such transformations, database programming and other relevant paradigms have been primarily suited to dealing with structural aspects of those transformations. A major challenge is in properly addressing semantics: the integrity constraints associated...
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...Literature Review When dealing with patients' sensitive medical records, it's always important how one also deals with medical images that should also be kept private. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability initiated on April 14, 2013 by the federal government, establishes all relevant standards to address the issue of privacy protection. The HIPAA requires for integrity and confidentiality in all of current, previous and future from hospitals, doctors, and other relevant professionals. In an era where digital technology has become of major importance, there is a series of medical images that can now be kept in digital format and become quite easy to retrieve, store and preserve. Watermarking – An Essential Aspect for the Protection of Medical Images A. Ethical reasons and relevant legislation define Medical Information Assurance & Watermarking Medical directions. USA's HIPAA and Europe's EC 95/46 Directive are the major legislations defining relevant directions. When dealing with medical information records, thus, which involve a series of clinical examinations, diagnoses, and EPR images, three major security attributes should be considered: • Confidentiality: only authorised users can view and evaluate medical information; • Availability: Scheduled accessing periods should be set when entering the information system containing the medical data; • Reliability: The information should be examined by authorised people and not changed by unauthorised...
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...Subject: Policy No: Version: Effective Date: Contact: Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Policy PP-ACD-DB-10.4 V3 25 July 2012 Immediately Chair, Deans’ Committee This document is issued and controlled by the Policy and Document Control Officer. Approval for changes may only be given by the President or in his/her absence, an authorised member of Senior Administration. This is a controlled electronic document subject to update and must not be copied. 1.0 Purpose of Policy The purpose of this policy is to set out the University’s commitment to Academic Integrity, with particular reference to: the importance of acknowledgement practice; responding to plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct in a consistent and equitable manner; and the roles and responsibilities of staff and students in upholding the values of Academic Integrity. 2.0 Definitions Word Academic Integrity Definition (with examples if required) Demonstrating the values of honesty, trust, fairness, respect and responsibility in all academic endeavours, including preparing and presenting work for assessment as part of coursework or research. The practice of acknowledging the ideas, designs, words or works of other people in one’s own work. An academic task which a student is required to complete to provide a basis for an official record of achievement or certification of competence in a subject, as stipulated in the Subject Outline. Using another person’s ideas, designs, words or works...
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...Business with Integrity Examination & its Application During spring term 2012, I read Business with Integrity in its entirety. According to a professor of social theory, “Integrity is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions. Integrity can be regarded as the opposite of hypocrisy” . The laws of the universe, with their many complex, intricate designs created by the Father’s will, are built entirely on their foundations of integrity. And they cannot falter. If one member, one iota, of the laws of physical science fell off its pedestal of what is built around it as trust, catastrophes of immense, complete destruction would ensue. Luckily men are to not be held up to these standards of exactness and consistency. It is a good thing the Lord has not made our flaws as detrimental as that of the elements of physics or upheld to the integrity of our perfected Lord Jesus Christ. We are provided a snippet of time and allowed leniency; may I show the same mercy to others. In my examination of integrity, I tend to have my mind focused on the method of integrity and how to apply it towards my brothers and sisters of the world. While I was reading the foreword, some things struck me to the bone, words of enlightenment that I will have framed and mounted on a wall in my home. A quote by President Harold B. Lee described courage, “courage...
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...Solving the trust issues at the VUmc | An advice for the management board of the medical center of the VU University Amsterdam on how to understand and solve the trust issues from the staff towards the management board | Coach: Renee Liesveld Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Problem statement 2 1.2 Research Objective & Research Question 2 2. Background 3 2.1 Contextual background 3 2.2 Theoretical background 4 Defining the concept of trust 4 Model of trust from Mayer et al. 6 3. Conceptual Framework 10 3.1 Combining the theories into a conceptual model 11 Research Questions 13 4. Methodology 14 Qualitative methods 14 Quantitative methods 14 Quantitative data analysis 14 Planning of all activities 15 5. Bibliography 16 5. Appendix 17 5.1 Interview Design 17 5.2 Questionnaire Design 18 5.3 Coding sheet Questionnaire 20 5.4 Figures and Tables 21 1. Introduction 1.1 Problem statement Not many times a television program is brought to a halt because it brought a whole country in commotion. This is what happened with the program ‘24 hours between life and death’ produced by ‘Eyeworks’. In November 2011 the production company ‘Eyeworks’ approached the VUmc for a new television program ‘24 hours between life and death’. The program makers wanted to portray emergency cases at the Accidents and Emergency (A&E) department from the view of patients and staff workers. VUmc decided to cooperate with this project as...
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...Security Database integrity Database integrity is a central underlying issue in the implementation of database technology. Trust in the Correctness of the data that is held by the database system is a prerequisite for using the data in business, research and decision making applications. Data base Integrity refers to the trustworthiness of system resources over their entire life cycle. [In a database system, a method to ensure data integrity is fundamental to providing database reliability and security. In particular, as data is communicated or distributed over networks, a method to validate information as authentic is required. The value of a database is dependent upon a user’s ability to trust the completeness and soundness of the information contained in the data] Three basic types of database integrity constraints are: • Entity integrity • Domain • Referential integrity Integrity means that the data will be safe and will not be subject to changes wither they were initial or accidental. There are many, many causes that change data over time such as human error, system malfunction ect. Integrity keeps the data intact and in its original form. Disk Storage Systems “Disks can fail when a single bit or few bits will flip. This problem can often be detected and corrected at the hardware level by using error correcting codes in the embedded system of the drive”. It can also happen at the software level. RAID Disk Technology The one way to prevent data...
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...the assessment methods you recommended. Recommend either a multiple hurdles, compensatory, or combined approach and explain. Chern’s will take the combined approach (combining the multiple hurdles and compensatory approaches) to rationally combine the scores on the assessment methods we have selected. The multiple hurdles approach will screen candidates’ resumes for KSOA’s. This will require candidates’ to receive a passing score on this assessment before being allowed to continue on in the selection process. Compensatory factors like cognitive ability, integrity, and personality will then be assessed. High scores on some assessments can compensate for low scores on other assessments. Describe the weights for each assessment method when calculating the overall score. Assessment Method: Cognitive Ability Test (measures a candidate’s ability to learn, process, and apply information rapidly; verbal spatial, and mathematical abilities) Scale of Assessment: Typical scores range from 85 to 130 (mean and standard deviation for this sample are 112.5 and 8.02, respectively). Cost: $70 per candidate Assessment Method: Integrity Test (measures a candidate’s trustworthiness, integrity, and honesty) Scale of Assessment: Possible scores for this test range from 1 to 5 (mean = 3.50, std. dev. = 0.93). Cost: $70 per candidate Over score = c + (b1 X a1) + (b2 X a2) + (b3 X a3)... Using your interview score results, candidate resumes, and scores on the assessment methods you included...
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...the 1301A session in CSS150-03 with Donald Wilcoxen." Categories of the Expanded C.I.A Triangle Jason Snyder Colorado Technical University CSS150-1302A-01 Introduction to Computer Security Phase 1 IP Instructor: Gregory Roby April 15, 2013 Information in IT security is a valuable resource and asset. The value of the information from the characteristics it possesses cause appreciation or depreciation for the user of the information, In IT security there is seven characteristics for information to be considered valuable and secure. The expanded C.I.A triangle was created to explain those characteristics in more detail. The seven characteristics for the triangle are Availability, Accuracy, Authenticity, Confidentiality, Integrity, Utility, and Possession. Availability Availability is a characteristic of making information accessible to person or computer system without interference or obstruction, as well as receiving the information in a required format. A good example of using availability is going to an ATM to deposit or with draw money. The ATM is available to all users that can verify that they have an account that contains enough funds to complete a transaction. The machine is made available with the use of magnetic card that has the user’s account information stored on it. When it comes to a computer or similar device availability to information mainly made is thru the use of user log-ins with a password. Accuracy Accuracy is a characteristic of information...
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...The Importance of Academic Honesty Introduction Academic Honesty is an increasingly important aspect of the education process. The concerns of academic honesty and the lack of it are increasing, therefore colleges and universities are taking immense measures to control academic dishonesty. This paper will describe the definition of academic dishonesty as defined by Hard, Conway and Moran as well as describe the importance of academic honesty. The long term negative effects of academic dishonesty will be discussed as well as the various methods of deterrence. Building and acquiring academic integrity can encourage a student to become more confident with his or her academic assignments as well as improving him or herself academically. Academic Dishonesty Academic dishonesty is a form of cheating whether it is deliberately or inadvertently. Academic honesty is a major issue and the importance of this topic has been at the top of discussion between teachers and students at every level of education, especially within adult students with both face-to-face and online courses in the modern era. Academic dishonesty is described by Hard, Conway, and Moran (2006) below: providing or receiving assistance in a manner not authorized by the instructor in the creation of work to be submitted for academic evaluation, including papers, projects and examinations (cheating); and presenting, as one’s own, the ideas of words of another person or persons for academic evaluation without...
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...Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+™ and Beyond / Wm. Arthur Conklin / 619-8 / Chapter 2 2 General Security Concepts “The only real security that a man can have in this world is a reserve of knowledge, experience and ability.” —HENRY FORD In this chapter, you will learn how to ■ Define basic terms associated with computer and information security ■ Identify the basic approaches to computer and information security ■ Distinguish among various methods to implement access controls ■ Describe methods used to verify the identity and authenticity of an individual ■ Describe methods used to conduct social engineering ■ Recognize some of the basic models used to implement security in operating systems 20 P:\010Comp\BaseTech\619-8\ch02.vp Wednesday, November 09, 2011 2:01:20 PM I n Chapter 1, you learned about some of the various threats that we, as security professionals, face on a daily basis. In this chapter, you start exploring the field of computer security. Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+™ and Beyond / Wm. Arthur Conklin / 619-8 / Chapter 2 ■ Basic Security Terminology The term hacking has been used frequently in the media. A hacker was once considered an individual who understood the technical aspects of computer operating systems...
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...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper Monique Reed BSHS/435 February 22, 2015 Dora Baker Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate help. Scientific Method Scientific method is a method that used to research and study that involves investigation and evaluation of present or future problems. Scientific method helps with produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use scientific methods to exploit all the facts, evidence, opinions, and records to find the right plan. As a Human service professional using scientific method can help with identifying the solution of the client’s problem and finding a resolution to ensure it will help to rebuild the client’s life. No matter field an individual is in when it concerns Human services, research will always be needed to ensure self-thoughts, bias, and ones on solution is not...
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