...------------------------------------------------- M1D1 – Jamie Grenz 1. Do you think the social and cultural environments of the 18th and 19th centuries helped or hindered the study of microbiology in particular and science in general? Why? The ‘Golden Age of Microbiology’ generally refers to the peak of scientific discovery that occurred after the renaissance in Europe. The renaissance was a time for invention, discovery, human expression and generally gave birth to the foundation of modern western society. Monarchies were eager to encourage discovery as the urge for economic wealth and territory acquisition was great. There was an inordinate amount of support for research that could yield cures to diseases. Healing sicknesses that would have otherwise wiped out crops or cattle or people could prevent great losses and negative impacts on a counties economy. Feudal governments unequally distributed wealth which meant that the rich were very rich and could afford to devote their time to cerebral activities such as studying, educating, and research. The combination of all these elements gave opportunities for great minds to study microbiology. 2. Do you think that microbiology and science are influenced by today’s social and cultural environments? Provide examples to support your statements. In short, yes. A society will always influence the kind of research that is conducted, the quality of scientific methods and so on. For example, as more and more people are living...
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...Section A: Basic Microbiology 1 SCOPE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY “Science contributes to our culture in many ways, as a creative intellectual activity in its own right, as a light which has served to illuminate man’s place in the uni-verse, and as the source of understanding of man’s own nature” —John F. Kennedy (1917–63) The President of America The bacterium Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE MICROBIOLOGY is a specialized area of biology (Gr. bios-life+ logos-to study) that concerns with the study of microbes ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Microorganisms are microscopic (Gr. mikros-small+ scopein-to see) and independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth, which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil,water and atmosphere. Microorganisms are relevant to all of our lives in a multitude of ways. Sometimes, the influence of microorganisms on human life is beneficial, whereas at other times, it is detrimental. For example...
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...I am writing to express my keen interest in the position of Assistant Professor of microbiology advertised on university career website. I believe my Ph.D. degree in microbiology, eight years of teaching and mentoring experience, and twelve years of academic research experience makes me uniquely suitable for the position. I have extensive teaching experience in India and the United States. During my Ph.D., I was a teaching assistant for five years and have taught microbiology and freshman biology laboratories. In the last three years of T.A., I was appointed a head teaching assistant. During that time, in addition to teaching microbiology laboratory courses, I was responsible for making laboratory examination questions, and mentoring new T.A.s. Before that, I was appointed a lecturer at the Himalayan Pharmacy Institute under North Bengal University, India, where I taught pharmaceutical science classes and laboratories for pharmacy graduate students for three...
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...Task 3 – Explanation M4 A. Management data Microbiology is the study of miniscule organisms, either unicellular, multicellular or acellular. Some equipment used in a microbiology includes microscopes, test tubes, slides, incubators and many more. Employee information This information will be stored on a computer or on paper in files which will be kept under a security code due to this information being confidential. Only the manager or the boss will be able to access this information as it is them who takes the employees on, no one else. This data will also be accessed regularly. Work schedules This type of data is most likely to be stored on paper or on a computer, something like a database so it will be kept secure under a security code. This is so that the people who work in the lab know who is working on what day and at what time. This data would definitely be looked at regularly so that everyone knows what is happening. All employees will look at this data due to them needing to know the work schedule. Staff training records This information will be kept secure on a computer as it holds personal information about which courses they have attended and which courses they still need to do. This can only be accessed with...
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...navigate a new career in Healthcare. Moving up the hierarchal ladder within Allina Health system is my goal, to achieve this I must utilize my talents known and unknown. Strength Finder 2.0 assessment is the starting point for recognizing, capitalizing and utilizing my strengths. Achiever, input, deliberative, responsibility and consistency were my top five themes from the Strength Finders 2.0 assessment. As a clinical laboratory scientist (CLSI) my skills are: specimen management, customer service, dealing with physicians, RN’s, and Allina clients, and producing accurate results in a timely fashion for patient care. Constantly needing to achieve and move forward I advanced to the CLSII level my responsibilities grew from the ones already mentioned to, lead of Molecular microbiology STD testing which entails setting budgets, training personnel, writing procedures and implementing cost saving measures, daily department scheduling and workflow lead of 30 technologist. Information gathering is interesting and keeps me from getting bored at work. In my personal life I have collected rocks of all shapes and sizes, books, yarn and pinterest boards. Developing and implementing a competency assessment program for the clinical microbiology laboratory entailed months of research and data collection. Writing the competency procedures, directing the implementation, compiling all the competency data and reporting it to the manager and technical specialist of clinical microbiology gave...
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...Microbiology in the News Candice Shaw ITT Technical Institute Microbiology in the News The study in this article was done in a high volume TB/HIV clinic. The purpose of the study in this article was to experiment and see are there new ways to find out what stage a patient with TB is at who have also been affected with the HIV virus, as opposed to using the old ways of sputum microscopy and cultures to provide treatment. With this experiment, it showed that using the Xpert MTB/RIF testing allowed health care providers to detect TB much earlier and be treated. With earlier treatment it is with hopes that the infection time length will be shorter along with treatment time. It was thought that if the TB is treated earlier this may decrease the rate of mortality in HIV-infected patient (Cox). However the study showed that there was no direct correlation between the arm test and the smear microscopy. This article was not able to hold my interest during the entire article. It was actually quite confusing. This was an unblended study in which there was not a controlled group. Some of the patients weren’t even tested in the clinic at hand. This would affect the results of the study as we wouldn’t know exactly how long some of the individuals had been affected with TB and how the TB test was performed at previous locations. Some patients with the disease treatment had been started and others had not, this is why it could not be confirmed whether the Xpert or the sputum would...
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...Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons Vijay Kothari*, Meera Panchal, Namrata Srivastava Institute of Science, Nirma University *Corresponding author: vijay.kothari@nirmauni.ac.in; vijay23112004@yahoo.co.in Abstract Hydrocarbon contamination in the environment has been a notable problem since years. Particularly the major oil spills in last few decades, and resulting loss to biodiversity has brought public attention to this problem. Bioremediation is a promising approach for recovery of environmental sites contaminated with crude oil and other hydrocarbons. Many microorganisms have been identified to possess hydrocarbon degradation potential. This review covers an overview of common hydrocarbon pollutants, microbes known as hydrocarbon degraders, major pathways and enzymes involved therein, factors affecting hydrocarbon degradation, and various approaches employed to exploit degrading capacity of microbes for remedial purpose. In addition to making use of inherent catabolic ability of degrader populations, metabolic engineering can be of considerable value in dealing with the problem of hydrocarbon contamination. Keywords: Bioremediation, Oxygenase, Biomagnification, Cometabolism, Consortium, Biosurfactant. Introduction Hydrocarbon (HC) group of compounds consist of hydrogen and carbon in their structure. As petrochemical industries are flourishing worldwide, HC contamination has become one of the major environmental problems faced globally. Environment is particularly being...
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...------------------------------------------------- Aquatic microbiology & sewage treatment Aquatic Microbiology refers to the study of microorganisms and their activities in natural waters, like lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, estuaries(brackish water), and oceans. Domestic and industrial wastewater enters lakes and streams and its effects on microbial life are important factors in aquatic microbiology. Also, how methods of treating wastewater mimics a natural filtering process. ------------------------------------------------- Aquatic microbiology & sewage treatment Aquatic Microbiology refers to the study of microorganisms and their activities in natural waters, like lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, estuaries(brackish water), and oceans. Domestic and industrial wastewater enters lakes and streams and its effects on microbial life are important factors in aquatic microbiology. Also, how methods of treating wastewater mimics a natural filtering process. BIO: 212 M7A3 Project 2 Dr. Ilse Silva-Krott BIO: 212 M7A3 Project 2 Dr. Ilse Silva-Krott OUTLINE: Aquatic Microbiology and Sewage Treatment I. Freshwater and Seawater habitats of microorganisms II. How wastewater pollution is a public health and ecological problem III. Causes and Effect of Eutrophication IV. How water is tested for bacteriological purity V. How pathogens are removed from drinking water VI. Compare primary, secondary, tertiary...
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...Clinical Microbiology Lab Final December 13, 2013 Table of content Gram Stain Technique……………………………………………………………………………………………… page 1 Culture Transfer Technique……………………………………………………………………………………… page 2 Acid-Fast Stain Technique………………………………………………………………………………………… page 3 The importance of the Gram Stain Technique to a physician……………………………………. page 4 The importance of varying shapes/colonies formation of bacteria……………………………. page 5 Spore Stain Technique………………………………………………………………………………………………. page 6 The Importance of incubation/protocol techniques…………………………………………………... page 7 The importance of various types of media for bacterial growth…………………………………. page 7 The importance of biochemical analysis in the microbial process……………………………… page 8 The importance of studying Clinical Microbiology and how the course will assist me in reaching my professional goals……………………….. page 9 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… page 10 Gram Stain Technique The Gram Stain is one of the most important differential stains used in bacteriology. (Cappuccino and Sherman, Microbiology A Laboratory Manual) Using the gram stain it is possible to determine purple gram-positive cells (S. aureus) from pink gram-negative cells (E. coli). The results of the Gram Stain make it possible to identify microorganisms by their shape, number and morphology. In a clinical setting these results can help in treatment by identifying the type of microorganism...
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...Vanessa Joyal GE 257 U1, A1: Microbiology in the News ITT Tech Scientists at the University of Florida have discovered a way to use microbiology and nanotechnology to decrease the amount of pesticides necessary to kill the insect that causes citrus greening in Florida's citrus crops. The bacteria that causes citrus greening prevents the tree from getting proper nutrients and causes the fruit produced to be “unsuitable for sale as fresh fruit and juice” and have also caused a loss of “100,000 citrus acres and $3.6 billion in revenues since 2007”, according to the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. This discovery could save small business owners in Florida's citrus business. Scientists have figured out a way to use a nano-dispenser to carry small amounts of pesticides into the citrus tree to specifically target the effected parts. The nano-dispensers use 200 times less pesticide than normal. Using small amounts of targeted pesticides greatly reduces the impact on the trees as a whole while keeping the significantly harmful effects of the pesticides to a minimum. Since most infected trees die, researchers are also searching for other ways to help save citrus trees from being affected by the insects that carry the bacteria which causes greening. The discoveries made over the last 15 years are only the beginning and need to continue because the problem of citrus greening is only going to get worse Research is showing promise in changing the...
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... in his 6th year at university he began to seriously study chemistry. He obtained employment in the coal-tar distillery where the senior chemists discovered and developed the aniline dye industry. Even though the distillery was soon destroyed by fire, Griess had become obsessed with the chemistry of dye making. He was recommended for a position at the Royal College of Chemistry in Great Britain on the very day that his first article on possible diazo compounds appeared in print: “A Preliminary Notice on the Influence of Nitrous Acid on Aminonitro- and Aminodinitrophenol.” Griess’ first several attempts at diazotization exploded, but his commission at the Royal College was to investigate his new nitrogen intermediates, with the result that diazobenzoic acid was isolated and an entirely new class of compounds was discovered.(18, 25) Because many of these compounds were found to be stable and could be used for dying fabric without needing a mordant, he is heralded as the father of the modern azo dye industry.(3, (More colorful details of Griess’ life can be found in articles from the February 1930 and June 1959Society of Dyers &Colourists and April 1958 Journal of Chemical Education.) (3, 18, 25) In 1879 Griess developed a reagent for the detection of nitrite in solutions. The reagent, an acid...
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...NEW VENTURE CREATION CASE STUDY: OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION AT OPHL QUESTION 1 Why did the recognizing a new business opportunity was important for OPHL? It is very crucial for OPHL in recognizing new business opportunity especially when the company is realize the business turning to be unusual, thus effected the profit. In order OPHL to sustain in the industry, the company must seek a new business opportunity which promises a huge profit for short and long term, thus create values to the stakeholders. OPHL is facing turbulent business environment and it requires the company to be more aggressive and creative to ensure the sustainability of OPHL. The importance of recognizing new business opportunity has mentioned by Peter Drucker in his theories of Business Diamond Model and Managerial Levers. OPHL also needs to think out of the box in searching new opportunity to be competitive in the market as mentioned by Michael Porter in his Diamond Model. In that theory, Porter says that there are six broad factors; factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, government and chance, which has become a key tools that interact with each other to create conditions where innovation and improved competitiveness occurs. QUESTION 2 What is the dilemma faced by Mrs. Rahmah? What are the main opportunities identified by OPHL? A recession led to slowdown in economic activity and due to the economic downturn, the...
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...accidentally by storing milk in a container made from the stomach of an animal, resulting in the milk being turned to curd and whey by the rennet from the stomach. Cheeses that were and are produced in Europe, required less salt for preservation and are less acidic than those produced in places like the Middle East. With less salt and acidity, the cheese is an excellent environment for useful microbes and molds, giving aged cheeses their respective flavors. The first factory for the mass production of cheese opened in Switzerland in 1815, but it was in the United States where large-scale production first was very successful. The credit for the large scale of production in the United States usually goes to Jesse Williams, a dairy farmer from Rome, New York, who in 1851 started making cheese in an assembly-line fashion using the milk from neighboring farms. The 1860s saw the beginnings of mass-produced rennet, and by the turn of the century scientists were producing pure microbial cultures. Before then, bacteria in cheese making had come from the environment or from recycling an earlier batch's whey. With the discovery of how to make pure cultures...
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...Valery Taustsiakou G00296946 30th November 2015 Co-workers: Aishlinn Jennings, Veronica Gomes. Urinary Tract Cases and STI cases UTI/ Case 2 Clinical details: * 20year old female presented to student health clinic with characteristic UTI symptoms. * Her symptoms were dysuria, frequent and painful micturition for previous 2 days. * It was reported that she has not observed any blood in her urine. * Her temperature was checked and was normal. * An absence of flank pain was reported. * A mid-stream urine sample (MSU) sample was collected and sent to the microbiology laboratory for investigation. * The specimen was cultured on chromogenic UTI agar and CLED agar. * A diagnosis of UTI or cystits was made at the student health clinic. * This diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation. Results: Table 1. White cell count (WCC), red cell count (RCC) and bacterial colony count results from patient’s midstream urine sample. Parameter | Number counted | Count (no./mm) | Reported/cmm | units (CFU/ul) | units (CFU/ml) | White cell count (WCC) | 374 | 374,000 | >100WCC/cmm | - | - | Red cell count (RCC) | 27 | 2,700 | Present | - | - | Bacterial colony count | 200* | - | - | - | 2x105* | *= Macroscopic bacterial colony count was performed by the supervisor within a mixed but sparse colonial growth on the Orientation Chromagar medium. The macroscopic appearance of the urine samples was a cloudy turbid fluid. One epithelial cell was observed within...
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...Chapter 1 notes 1.1 ubiquitous= found everywhere, found in all natural habitats (microbes). Microbiology- is a specialized area of biology that deals with tiny life forms that are not readily observe without magnification. microscopic= small to see. microbes= small life. -Groups of Organisms that we will be studying : bacteria, viruses, funny, protozoa, algae and helminths (parasitic worm) -Microbiology consider the largest and most complex of biological sciences. Here we study the aspects of microbes- their genetics, their physiology, characteristics that may be harmful or beneficial, the ways they interact with the environment, the way they interact wit other organisms, and their uses in industry and agriculture. -Some professions of microbiology are: Geomicrobiologist (earth), marine microbiologist, medical technologist (pathogenic microbes and diseases), nurse epidemiologist and astrobiologist. 1.2 Prokaryotic- simple cells that lack a nucleus (referring it as karyon) found 3.5 billion years ago. Eukaryotes- more complex, contain a nucleus and other complex internal structures found 1.8 billion years ago. (the early eukaryotes probably similar to algae and protozoa, started lines of evolution that eventually gave rise to fungi, plants and multicellular animas such as worms and insects) organelles= are structure in cells that are bound by one or more membranes. ex. mitochondria. All prokaryotes are microorganisms and include the bacteria and archaeons...
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