...Middle Childhood and Adolescence Paper PSY/280 April 17, 2013 Rosita Rodriguez Middle Childhood and Adolescence Paper Childhood years can be one of the most wonderful times in life. These years can be full of fun. At this age of innocence a child is most impressionable by learning from their surrounding environment. The beginning of a child’s life can be broken down into different stages leading into an adult. In this paper the focus will be on the middle childhood and adolescence. The research will focus on evaluating the effect of functional and dysfunctional family dynamics on development such as family structure, function, and shared and non-shared environments. Examination of additional pressures that are faced in adolescence versus middle childhood, also the research will help to determine the positive and negative impact of peers and changes in peer relations from middle childhood to adolescence. The research will then discuss the development of moral values from middle childhood and adolescence. “It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood. Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him.” — Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994) Erik Erikson a theorist believes that our temperament traits are inborn. Other characteristics such as competency or inferiority can be learned according to the challenges or support an individual receives...
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...Influences of Childhood Development La Tesha Simpson PSY/600 Developmental Psychology July 15, 2013 Judy Pendleton, PsyD Influences of Childhood Development Children are impressionable and share the characteristics of a sponge in a sense, by means of picking up a spill and letting it ooze out of their personality or behavior. Children imitate most of what they see and hear whether negative or positive. Imitating is learning and learning is form of development. Everyone and everything can influence the choices children make during childhood. The purpose of this paper is to investigate influences of childhood development. Development of any kind during childhood can have life altering factors. Some of those factors will include career development starting during early childhood, economic resources in child development, and socioeconomic status and child development. This investigation will demonstrate whether the influences are healthy or unhealthy development during childhood. Career Development during Childhood Parents and professional role models may influence children in their career choice. For example, if a parent is a doctor a child may find that exciting and want to follow the footsteps of the parent. Perhaps, the child learns how police officers and fire fighters give back to the community and want to do the same. Career development start during childhood and covers the course of life (Porfeli & Lee, 2012). Researchers show how an individual establishes...
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...thoughts, social interactions, behavior, close relationships and feeling all influence our personality. The environment influences our personality (Myers, 2004). Anything that affects a person except his or her genes is the environment. Many external factors help in shaping our personality. These external factors include the people around us and the places that we live. Our friends, family, daily experiences, and all the people whom we interact with influence our personality. However, every person has a personality that is unique to them (Simanowitz, & Pearce, 2003). An analysis of environmental influences on personality reveals that childhood experience is one of the factors that influence a person’s personality. 2.0 Topic Review This research paper concentrates on three research articles that are based on personality and childhood experiences. Childhood experience is one of the environmental influences to personality. 2.1...
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...Lifespan and Personality Development: Middle Childhood Taylor Nail PSY/103 February 02, 2015 Michael Phillips Lifespan and Personality Development: Middle Childhood What kinds of things can affect an individual from the age of 6 to 12 years? There are many things that can affect a person of this age group (middle childhood). During the middle childhood, Social and Moral Development describes that “children either develop a sense of their own competence at a variety of tasks, especially schoolwork, or they come to believe they are not capable of success (n.d.)”. Even though this age group can determine their own success and their own identity, there are factors that can affect these individuals’ physical, cognitive and social, moral, and personality development. There are many things that can affect the physical development in young children during their middle childhood, including environmental influences. With all of the research going on these days, it all loops back around to one issue these children face in the environment; obesity. For example, more and more children are spending more time watching television, and while watching the television they are snacking or having more meal time causing them to increase in weight, ultimately affecting their physical development. This problem increases as the children grow older. “Children’s TV time and home environment factors were assessed longitudinally among 169 families with children followed from 6 to 12 years of age...
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...Introduction: Financial matters are related to all aspects of personal and family life. Financial concerns and family relationships financial problem and substance abuse psychological aspects of financial hardship, in financial problems stress are just a few examples of research topics in personal finance. Research has shown the relationship between workplace productivity and poor financial behavior employers financial problems are one of the four problems in the workplace. Many of the children from now on are not attending our classes in school, because many of them are not supported of their parents. The others are not having enough money to pay the school contribution. Some children are not interested on going to school because they want to work every day forgetting that school is also important. The problems of student is being a working students. They not have enough time to rest and to study well because they are so very busy on their role. So the student who not attending our school is have not a quality knowledge. Significance of the Study: The Researcher has investigated financial matters and their impacts on personal and family life for years. Importance areas of research are identification of the characteristics of financial problems and financial wellness, examination of financial difficulties of various groups, and development of financial management education. Certainly, financial matters are one of the most important issues in our daily...
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...I have always been curious about behavioral and psychological issues in children as well as in adults. I want to understand why someone acts or reacts the way that they do. However, after some research and experience with those affected, what I have found most intriguing is what's behind the behavior and what causes it. There are many things that can factor into these issues but among these, abuse and neglect are very large contributors. Many studies have been done on the effects child abuse can have. The first study I came across is a study of how violence can affect a child not only when they are young, but also in to adolescence. It is also said that many of the children who witness domestic violence have also experienced some form of child abuse. These events can effect a person's psychosocial outcome so tests were performed to determine to what extent the child was affected. The study was conducted on 457 children/adolescents. According to the Journal of Family Violence, children that were only exposed to domestic violence were more prone to low self esteem, withdrawal, depression and anxiety. Those who were exposed to violence as well as abuse had higher externalizing (acting out against others, including physical aggression, verbal bullying, relational aggression, defiance, theft, and vandalism) and internalizing behaviors( acting out against self, which includes eating too much or too little, feeling depressed, abusing substances and cutting). There were...
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...Middle Childhood Development and Personality Josh PSY/103 November 2, 2015 Susanne Nishino Middle Childhood Development and Personality Middle childhood is a busy time in a child's life both physically and for their personality. During this time there is a crucial shift in a child's cognitive skills beginning at age six; this appears to be when a child begins to reason and is marked by several types of advances in learning and understanding. Formal schooling begins mostly between the ages of five and seven, during this time the child develops key thinking and cognitive skill. Children during this period also begin to experience advances in their learning consistent with what is deemed important by their cultures, such as math and language skills. I believe it's important for us to be patient with children at this age because it is such a difficult and confusing time but also an exciting time for them to experience this period of extensive growth. There are many different factors that affect physical development for children during the middle childhood development period. During birth until around age five, growth is generally set at the same rate for children around the same age, but at around age six or seven is when the growth spurts begin to become defined. Some children grow quickly and tall while others don't seem to grow much during this time. An example for this might be when I was younger, I did not grow quickly from age five until eight, but...
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...(Physical Domain) Section A: Knowledge of the Developmental Milestones During middle childhood, children’s play undergoes several changes, the most obvious of which is children engage in games with rules. These rule-oriented games include informally organized games as well as formally organized sports, such as little league, club or intramural sports. The former category may be variants on popular sports games, well-known childhood games such as red rover, and invented games that children develop on their own. The principal commonality is that these games have a set of rules and often have multiple roles for players. While informal outdoor play allows children to develop rules and try out multiple scenarios, formal, organized sports allows children to learn rules, appreciate their personal skills, and develop their position on a team. Both types of rule-oriented games are important for developing social competencies and enhanced cognitive capabilities. This milestone develops as children begin to develop more improved motor coordination, a better capacity for information processing, and a heightened social maturity (Berk, 2007, p. 294). The physical skills at play in rule-oriented games include flexibility, balance, agility, and force, reflective of increased muscle strength. All four of these are basic motor capacities which become more refined with the gross motor development of middle childhood. Additionally, children’s enhanced capacity for information processing and gains...
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...Socioeconomic inequalities in the Health and Nutrition of Children in Low/Middle Income Countries: Discussion Summary Antonio Taylor Stratford University HCA 505: Global Health Professor Ostrander January 27, 2016 Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Health and Nutrition of Children in Low/Middle income Countries: Discussion Summary Introduction Child malnutrition remains one of the world’s most fundamental challenges for improved human development. Because the time and capacities of caregivers are limited, there are too many children in the world that are unable to access and effectively use at all times the food and healthcare services they need for a healthy life. Hundreds of millions of children in less developed countries suffer from poor health can nutrition. Children in most less developed countries also complete far few years of schooling, and learn less per year in schooling, than their counterparts in developed countries. Recent research has shown that poor health and nutrition among children reduces their time in school and their learning during that time. Background There is a long standing tradition of research on socio-economic health inequalities in contemporary high income countries. Early studies in the socioeconomic inequalities were often done by physicians engaged in social movements, who focused on the influence of living conditions on health. Attention for socio-economic health inequalities have been changing since the 19th century. At...
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...stressors and challenges associated with leading and developing today’s youth? Furthermore, are these educators prepared to face the tests associated with training the early childhood education community? Proper early childhood development and education is critical to a child’s success down the line. How educators react to early childhood behavioral, physical and emotional issues is a precursor to classroom success. The research of Hemmenter, Santos and Ostrosky as discussed in the article “Preparing Early Childhood Educator to Address Young Children’s Social-Emotional Development and Challenging Behavior: A Survey of Higher Education Programs in Nine States” sets out to evaluate teacher education programs in search of answers to such questions. As with all research, the higher education programs survey (2008) seeks to explore and possibly identify solutions to an issue. In this case, that issue is the preparedness of educators to handle “the growing number of children who begin elementary school without the emotional, social, and behavioral skills necessary for future success (Hemmenter, Santos & Ostrosky, p. 321).” To answer this question, Hemmenter, Santos and Ostrosky, identified 225 faculty members and program managers from 2 and 4 year education institutions that concentrated in early childhood education (ECE) to participate in a survey of their perception of their program’s graduate’s preparedness. Of the surveys mailed, 158 were returned and 125 were used. Thirty-three...
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...English 1101 8 October 2015 Food Health Research: An Annotated Bibliography Hill, Donna, S. "Health Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet." Maryland Nurse 16.1 (2014): 6-7. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 5 Oct. 2015. Donna S. Hill’s article, “Health Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet (2014),” explains that following a plant-based diet prevents health risks such as cholesterol and diabetes versus an animal-based diet. Hill uses studies of Chinese plant-based diets and American animal-based diets by comparing and contrasting the cause and effect of each dietary preference to back up her claim. Hill’s purpose is to specify the cause and effect of each dietary preference in order to impact the awareness of the reader into considering the health risks that could be associated with his or her own personal dietary preference. Given the medical terminology and statistical analysis in the article, Hill is writing to an audience in the medical field. Messina, Virginia. "Nutritional And Health Benefits Of Dried Beans." American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 100 (2014): 437S-442S. Environment Complete. Web. 7 Oct. 2015. Virginia Messina’s article, “Nutritional And Health Benefits Of Dried Beans (2014),” asserts that the underutilized consumption of dried beans provide health benefits and reduce health related risks while playing an important role in many diets throughout the world. Messina uses quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to support her claim of pointing...
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...Annotated Bibliography: Early Childhood 2 GLOVER, V., O'CONNOR, T. G., O'DONNELL, K., & CAPRON, L. (2014). How Prenatal Depression, Anxiety, and Stress May Affect Child Outcome. Zero To Three, 34(4), 22-28. There is good evidence that if a woman is depressed, anxious, or stressed while she is pregnant, then there is an increased risk that her child will have emotional, behavioral, or cognitive problems. Her own biology must cause these effects, but it is not known how. One important line of research suggests that the function of the placenta changes in response to maternal mood in ways that may allow more of the stress hormone cortisol and the neurotransmitter serotonin...
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...Childhood Obesity Shaleta Lathon PE 112-02 Saint Xavier University In Today’s society one in three American children are either overweight or obese, which is triple the rate it was in 1963 (American Heart Association, 2014). Childhood Obesity is not limited to the United States it is becoming more of a problem for every child all over the world. Childhood obesity is defined as having excess body fat, and being overweight means that having excess body weight from fat, muscle, bone water or a combination of these factors (CDC, 2013). A way to determine if a child is overweight is by using the body mass index chart. This chart can determine if a child is at an unhealthy weight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese (CDC, 2013). There are many health issues for those who are overweight or obese such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and more. There has been a lot of research conducted on childhood obesity from kindergarten to middle school, whether or not appetite is linked to obesity, and whether or not children should have bariatric surgery to remove the fat. Obesity is a major problem because it causes many health problems. Children that are overweight or obese are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure or high cholesterol (CDC, 2013). In a sample of obese children 70% hat at least one risk for cardiovascular disease (CDC, 2013). Children who suffer from obesity are also more likely to suffer from joint and bone problems (CDC, 2013). Being overweight...
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...lifespan (Berk, 2010). For this assignment, I chose two key theories that address human development. I will introduce and analyze Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory. I will identify similarities and differences. Finally, I will discuss how these theories relate to my goals in research. Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss theorist who conducted research studies on cognitive development. Although he observed his own children, his theory is one of the key theories of human development. Piaget published several books on childhood development, psychology, moral judgment, and intelligence (Berk, 2010). Few of his major works that I will use for this assignment are: The Moral Judgment of the Child (1948), The Early Growth of Logic in the Child (1964), Biology and Knowledge (1971). Piaget’s four stages address infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence (Mussen, 1983). Piaget believed that there is a significant connection between biological and cognitive development. Human beings physically, mentally, and emotionally adapt to their environment (Piaget, 1971). In early childhood, the child has a lack of logical thinking that will develop through everyday experiences (Inhelder & Piaget, 1964). As the child grows, her or his learning processes and interactions with others will shape his or her thinking and behaviors (Piaget, 1932). Piaget...
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...Obesity in Children After reading the material for this week, the student began to research obesity in middle childhood. The student discovered the causes of middle childhood obesity, the effect of obesity on a child’s health, psychosocial, and cognitive development, and ways to counteract obesity in middle childhood. The student has provided information on obesity solutions in her area, a national program to help stop childhood obesity, and has suggested other ways to help stop childhood obesity. The Causes of Childhood Obesity Genetic factors contribute to childhood obesity (Parke & Gauvain, 2009). Obese children often remain obese throughout his or her lives. Children suffering from obesity often have obese biological parents. Children adopted by normal-weight adoptive parents may become obese if the child’s biological parents are obese. According to Parke and Gauvain (2009), studies have shown that infants who have overweight parents are more responsive to the difference between sweet-tasting solutions and water. The preference for sweets at a young age increases the risk of childhood obesity. Middle childhood obesity also derives from the child’s role-model’s eating pattern and behavior (Parke & Gauvain, 2009). If the parent or role-model is eating junk food, lives a sedentary life, and watches too much television, the child is likely to do the same. Parents encouraging and prompting children to eat more because of his or her size contributes to child obesity...
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