...Definition Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person's own body, to replace the recipient's damaged or absent organ. The emerging field of regenerative medicine is allowing scientists and engineers to create organs to be re-grown from the person's own cells (stem cells, or cells extracted from the failing organs). Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person's body are called auto grafts. Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allograft. Allograft can either be from a living or cadaveric source. Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. Tissues include bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. Worldwide, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart. Cornea and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues; these outnumber organ transplants by more than tenfold. Organ donors may be living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death. Tissue may be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death, as well as of brain death – up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues (with the exception of corneas) can be preserved and stored for up to five years, meaning they can be "banked". Transplantation...
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...out arms, arch back and spread fingers; protection is the function; Eye-blink, with exposure to light, rapidly open and shut eyes; function is to protect eye from exposure; Sucking, tendency to suck when lips are touched; related to function of food intake; Gag, reaction to clear the throat; related to function of prevention of choking. And the developmental milestones in motor development are: gross motor is rolling over, grasping a rattle, sitting without support, standing while holding on, grasping with thumb and forefinger, standing alone well, walking well, building tower of two cubes, walking up steps, jumping in place; fine motor opens hand prominently, grasps rattle, grasps thumb and finger, holds crayon adaptively, builds tower of two cubes, places pegs in a board, imitates strokes on a paper, copies circle. While there is a consistency to the timing of developmental milestones, individual and cultural variations occur. Without proper nutrition, risks for malnutrition, under nutrition, and obesity increase: Malnutrition—more common among children in developing countries; show slower growth rate by 6 months, by 2 years of age, height and weight is 95% that of well-nourished children; score lower on IQ tests and they tend to do less well in...
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...processes, such as problem solving, perception, speaking, thinking, and remembering. It includes mental representations and the use of abstract hypotheses to find relationships between brain structures and their functions. To help us understand how cognitive theories grew into a psychological science, it is essential to understand what milestones assisted in the development of its establishment. One key milestone for the development of cognitive psychology is neuroscience. It can examine how the brain and nervous system regulates behaviors, it can also account for intelligent behavior through the use of abstract constructs, hypothetical representations, and processes (Whitaker, 2013). Neuroscientist also established absolute links between structures of the brain and functioning. Through neuroscience, cognitive psychologist use methods of localization in identifying brain areas that enable functioning. The research of neuroscientists enables the understanding of states of consciousness, emotion, sensory experiences, development through life spans, motivation, and physical and psychological health. Information processing model is another key milestone. It is a method for studying the human mind....
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...Strategic Marketing Communications Plan L if e B rig a d e Continuing the Battle for Life Table of Contents Executive Summary Situation Analysis SWOT Analysis Target Audience Campaign Theme IMC Plan Cost Breakdown Campaign Evaluation Conclusion Creative Examples 3 5 6 7 8 9 18 19 19 20 Executive Summary This following document is a marketing strategy and media plan for Canadian Blood Services. The non-profit charitable organization has existed since 1998 and currently has over 40 permanent collection sites across Canada. Over 25,000 donor clinics are run annually across Canada with17,000 community volunteers and over 4,500 employees keeping the foundation going strong. OneMatch Stem Cell, Marrow Network, National Organs & Tissue registry, and blood donations are run by Canadian Blood Services. Adults 18-59 across Canada compose the majority of donations. Canadian Blood Services is a noble cause that has positive brand image. The diverse recognition program recognizes all those that support them. The biggest obstacle Canadian Blood Services is lack of awareness amongst potential donors and volunteers. It is not a top-of-mind charity and people do not know about recognition events held for participants at local and national levels. Canadian citizens take this service for granted. There is also plenty competition for people’s time and money. Tough economics times make it harder for people to focus on charitable causes because they need to help themselves. However...
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...Human Development Nature and nurture both play a role in developmental outcomes – How much of who we are as humans is hardwired in our genes, and how much is the result of experience? – What is human nature when it is stripped of society and culture? Genie’s extreme case provided the opportunity to witness and record the potential consequences of extreme social isolation. What Shapes our Behavior? • Describe how the prenatal environment can affect development. • Explain how dynamic systems theory illuminates the ways biology and environment work together to shape development. • Describe key processes in infant brain development and how these processes affect learning. • Describe the types of attachment infants have to their caregivers. • Explain how attachment and emotion regulation are related. 9.1 What Shapes Us During Childhood? Biological and social forces combine to shape the path of human development. – developmental psychology: the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior Physically, each human grows and matures at about the same periods in the life span: 9.1 What Shapes Us During Childhood? Biological and social forces combine to shape the path of human development. – developmental psychology: the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior Physically, each human grows and matures at about the same periods in the life span: 9.1 What Shapes...
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...reflect on the importance of a variety of factors and major life events on the development of individuals, and to consider the nature-nurture debate. The unit also allows you to gain an insight into the ageing process and to understand both positive and negative perspectives on ageing. Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit you should: 1. Understand human growth and development through the life stages 2. Understand how life factors and events may influence the development of the individual 3. Understand physical changes and psychological perspectives in relation to ageing HOW THIS UNIT WILL BE ASSESSED To reach Pass level, the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 describe physical, intellectual, emotional and social development through the life stages P2 describe the potential influence of five (5) life factors on the development of individuals P3 describe the influence of two predictable and two unpredictable major Life events on the development of the individual P4 describe two (2) theories of ageing P5 describe physical and psychological changes caused by the ageing process To reach Merit level, the evidence must show that, in addition to the...
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...For this task I had to select an individual for my assignment and describe their physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of their life stages. The individual I have chosen is Michael Jackson, I have chosen him because I think that his life was very interesting and I’d like to explore all the other aspects of this life. I will need explain what I think could/should happen to Michael Jackson at each life stage. Conception Michael Jacksons parents Katherine Jackson and Joe Jackson would have conceived Michael around about November 1957.Conception is the making of a new beginning of life , now each women should be born with a full functioning birth system sometimes when a women does not function properly she may not be able to have children and conceive. Each month hormones are released such as follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen, these hormones help follicles develop and help the uterus to get thick and to get prepared for the fertilization of an egg. Each egg leaves the woman’s ovaries and it goes into the fallopian tube, then after this process it gets travelled through to the uterus. It all starts during intercourse, when a man has intercourse with a woman he inserts sperm into her vagina about 250 million sperms would have been ejaculated into the vagina. Every sperm looks the same as it has a long tall to enable it to swim and force itself up to the fallopian tube. This is where all the magic happens in the woman fallopian tube, the tube...
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...Week 5 Assignment 2 Janet Clifford SCI 115 Dr. Kerry Lee 5 May 2012 Lisa Sowle Cahill’s article, “The genome project: more than a medical milestone” discusses the history of the human genome project. The project started in 1990. (Cahill, 2000) The goal was to map the entire human genome within 15 years, on a budget of $3 billion. The human genome project is not old by scientific standards. However, the developments from this project have been breakthrough and impressive. The benefits of personalize medicine are easily recognized. The major benefits of personalized medicine are early diagnostics and, medication and treatments are personalized to an individual for maximum results. Diagnostics use molecules to measure the levels of genes, mutation, and proteins that can be used in the provision of specified therapy that fits the patient health condition. (Science daily, 2010). Our DNA and genes can determine the likelihood of an individual developing certain diseases and how an individual can react to certain medication and treatments. With personalized medicine, medical professionals can analyze a patients genome and identify risk factors to intervene and begin a treatment plan that will best cure/treat/delay the disease of that particular patient. Personalized medicine can change the way professionals approach diseases and illnesses. It has the ability to alter healthcare to further fit their individual needs. Using the individuals genome, personalized...
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...having amniocentesis for other reasons such as decreased fetal movement have been diagnosed with unexpected prenatal SMS. On-going medical assessment of the child with SMS along with genetic counseling and psychosocial support for parents and family members are required due to the complex nature of this disorder, multiple organ involvement, and diverse symptomology presented with this condition. According to Foster (2010) parents and siblings of children with SMS suffer of a high level of depression and anxiety. Medical tests commonly underwent by children with Smith-Magenis syndrome included but are not limited to renal ultrasound, echocardiogram, spine radiographs, electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and blood work. The recommendation to perform these...
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...Physical Development: Age 0–2 Infants (birth to age 1) and toddlers (ages 1 to 2) grow quickly; bodily changes are rapid and profound. Physical development refers to biological changes that children undergo as they age. Important aspects that determine the progress of physical development in infancy and toddlerhood include physical and brain changes; development of reflexes, motor skills, sensations, perceptions, and learning skills; and health issues. The first 4 weeks of life are termed the neonatal period. Most babies weigh between 5 1/2 and 10 pounds, and are between 18 and 22 inches long. Male babies are generally slightly heavier and longer than female babies. Neonates born weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds are of low birthweight. Infants who arrive before their due date are preterm or premature, and these babies may or may not have a low birthweight. Babies who arrive on or shortly after their due date are full‐term. Infants who arrive 2 or more weeks after their due date are postmature. Both premature and postmature babies are at higher risk of complications such as sickness, brain damage, or death, than are full‐term babies. Physical growth is especially rapid during the first 2 years. An infant's birthweight generally doubles by 6 months and triples by the infant's first birthday. Similarly, a baby grows between 10 and 12 inches in length (or height), and the baby's proportions change during the first 2 years. The size of an infant's head decreases in proportion...
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...Developmental Profile (Typical) Introduction Human development is the process of growth from a one-celled zygote through to a mature adult human being. Development occurs in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial realms and can be influenced by heredity, environment and maturation (Papalia et al., 2009). During childhood, typical physical development involves the acquisition of the fine and gross motor skills including coordination, control, movement and manipulation. Typical physical development during adolescence involves pubescent changes as the body develops and matures sexually. During young adulthood, physical development involves one’s organs and systems operating at peak efficiency. As an individual moves through to late adulthood, these systems slowly deteriorate along with overall health, stamina and strength. In terms of cognition, thinking and problem solving skills, conceptual understandings, information processing ability and overall intelligence develop throughout an individual’s lifespan. With respect to psychosocial, this includes how a person’s mind, emotions, and maturity levels evolve. In terms of this assignment, the purpose is to present a profile of a typical thirty-two year old male and to analyse his development through theoretical perspectives. My individual is named Andrew; he is single but dates regularly, Caucasian from North America, is university educated and works as an accountant for a bank. Andrew grew up in the suburbs...
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...Education and Gender Equality within Millennium Development Goals: KSA & China Name: Institution: Course: Date: Declaration I hereby declare that this is my work and nothing has been plagiarized. Every aspect of this work has been appropriately referenced using the APA referencing format. Executive Summary Table of Contents Contents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures. Introduction to the Research Topic Education and gender equality are critical components of societal progress and development. They reflect basic rights that require no economic justification. This notion is reflected in the inclusion of gender related developmental and propagative objectives in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Yet it is also a case that education and gender equality has broad and positive implications for economic as well as social development to any nation. A significant decline in child illiteracy and maternal mortality remains somewhat elusive and thus the Millennium Developmental Goals initiative that has been deemed to reduce child illiteracy and promote gender equality coupled with the establishment of women empowerment within all regions of the world is poised with inconsistent progress rates within some certain countries. To deliver such Millennium Development goals and MDG3 and its supporting targets which promotes specifically gender equality and empowers women, it will be critical to elevate...
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...which are classified into Type I, II and subtypes A, B based on their sites of conversion. Recently, an increasing number of INDs have appeared as Type II prodrugs that often contain dual tracks of toxicity profile exploration, one on the prodrug and another on the active drug. A comparative toxicology analysis is introduced here to assist reviewers to evaluate the dual toxicity profiles effectively. The analysis helps determine which toxicity is contributed by the prodrug itself, its intermediates, or the active drug itself. As prodrug INDs, or any other new molecular entity (NME) INDs progress into advanced phases of toxicology development, analysis of time-dependent component of toxicity expression, regarding the emergence of new target organs over time, becomes more significant. A strategy is developed to address Pharm/Tox issues such as what duration is required for a toxicity to emerge at the exposure level achieved or dose studied, how many animals in the group are affected, whether the toxicity is a cross-species phenomenon, and whether it is reversible, etc. In conclusion, dual-track comparative toxicology can be useful in the understanding of Type II prodrug’s mechanism of toxicity, and that time-dependent toxicology analysis offers means to detecting new toxicity emergence over time. Both approaches could significantly facilitate...
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... Abstract In April 2005, Donate Life California launched California’s first online organ donor registry called the “Donate Life California Registry.” This confidential database allows Californians to share their organ donation wishes by registering online. To compel Californians to become organ donors by registering online, the Donate Life team engaged hospital partners, media partners, and community partners. The campaign’s four-fold challenge was to: (1) redefine and reposition organ donation as a public health problem for Californians, (2) educate the public and the media about the lack of organ donors, (3) spread awareness using community collaboration and media advocacy strategies, and (4) adopt a single call to action compelling Californians to become organ donors by registering online. Launched with the goal of registering 15,000 people in 12 months, the registry attracted more than 175,000 registrations in the first six months. The online registry’s success was driven by a well-crafted strategic communication campaign underpinned by two core strategies-- media advocacy, and grassroots support within local communities. The comprehensive campaign supporting the registry’s launch provides a useful model for public health practitioners. 1 Introduction: Donate Life California Every organ and tissue donor can save and enhance the lives of up to 50 different people.* Yet the demand for organ transplants has always...
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... intellectual, emotional and social development Jade Morgan Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow created his hierarchy of needs; this is shown in the pyramid above. The pyramid is all about physiological needs and when safety and security has been met can only then humans reach for higher goals such as status and self-respect. Maslow considered health and well-being on different influences and needs which include the PIES factors. Key aspects of development include the PIES factors: * Physical * Intellectual * Emotional * Social * The PIES are all linked to give a holistic approach. * Physical * This is things to do with your body. This includes the development of each system of your body and is affected by both inherited or genetic factors and lifestyle factors. * Intellectual * Intellectual development is to do with the growth of the brain and the development of your thought processes. This is things like memory, problem solving and an understanding of the world around us. * Emotional * Emotional development is about the growth and understanding of feelings. The ability to receive and give love, care and affection and to feel secure is found in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Emotional development is closely linked to the development of self-esteem. * Social * Social development is about making connections with other people and becoming a part of society. This includes your family and...
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