...and the Ottoman empire, and the allied powers consisted of Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States. The central powers had a secret ali was with Bulgaria and the allied powers had a secret treaty with Serbia. The central powers started out as an alliance between Germany and Austria - Hungary, and then later came the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Germany, who had the largest army, and was the leader of the central powers, had a strategy, which was the Scheffelin Plan. This plans was to take over France and Western Europe as quickly as possible, so they could mainly focus on Russia and Eastern Europe. Austria - Hungary went to war because of the assassination of their archduke, Franz Ferdinand. He death was blamed on Serbia, which caused them to attack Serbia, causing chain reaction of wars. The Ottoman empire had...
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...sides to choose from at the beginning of World War 1. One option was the Central Powers which included Germany, and Austria-Hungary, and were later joined by Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire who were neutral at first then joined the Central Powers. There were the Allies which were made up of Ireland, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Montenegro, and Serbia. The Allies were later joined with Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Romania who left the Neutral nations. The Neutral nations were made up of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Albania, and Spain. There were many causes for the outbreak of World War 1. One cause of World War 1 was militarism. Militarism is the glorification of one countries military. Many countries were getting this militarism idea because they dreamed of war being glorious. Many young men dreamed of walking down the streets playing there trumpets along with the rest of the military and having people cheer for them as they marched by. Many people would soon find out that war is not good. Another thing that goes along with militarism and the outbreak for World War 1 was the arms race. Many countries wanted to have the best armies and navies with the best weapons. The worst competition was the naval rivalry between Britain and Germany. To protect it's vast overseas empire, Britain had built the world's most respected navy. When Germany began to obtain colonies, it began to build a strong navy also. A result of this rivalry led to a war between...
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...sides to choose from at the beginning of World War I. One option was the Central Powers which included Germany, and Austria-Hungary, and were later joined by Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire who were neutral at first then joined the Central Powers. There were the Allies which were made up of Ireland, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Montenegro, and Serbia. The Allies were later joined with Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Romania who left the Neutral nations. The Neutral nations were made up of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Albania, and Spain. There were many causes for the outbreak of World War I. One cause of World War 1 was militarism. Militarism is the glorification of a countries military. Many countries were getting this militarism idea because they dreamed of war being glorious. Many young men dreamed of walking down the streets playing there trumpets along with the rest of the military and having people cheer for them as they marched by. Many people would soon find out that war is not good. Another thing that goes along with militarism and the outbreak for World War I was the arms race. Many countries wanted to have the best armies and navies with the best weapons. The worst competition was the naval rivalry between Britain and Germany. To protect it's vast overseas empire, Britain had built the world's most respected navy. When Germany began to obtain colonies, it began to build a strong navy also. A result of this rivalry led to a war between...
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...World War I, the Ottoman Empire had shrunk in population and dominance as a result of formerly colonized territory being lost to European control. It was once an extensive empire consisting of multiple racial and ethnic groups, situated in what is now Istanbul. In spite of being only a fragment of what it once was, the Ottoman Empire still had power over Arab lands south of Turkey by 1914. The Arabs occupying areas in the Middle East had negatively feelings towards the Ottoman rule over what was meant to be Arab land and to reclaim the regions south of Turkey, a revolt against the Ottoman Empire was formulated and the British wished to assist the Arabs in succeeding in their intentions. The governor of Mecca, Sharif...
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...fighting the war were the Central powers and the Allies. There are arguably many different reasons for the cause of this war. These causes include militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Militarism is a policy of glorifying war and having an army ready to fight at all times. Alliances are agreements between countries to fight with each other during war. Imperialism is a policy of colonizing weaker countries for resources. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their own country. The main underlying causes of World War I are militarism and alliances. Militarism is a policy of glorifying war. Countries that practiced militarism would spend great amounts of money on their militaries. In the year 1914, Great Britain spent 79 million pounds on their military with over fifty percent of that money going towards their navy (Document C). In the same year, Germany spent over 100 million pounds on their...
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...Topic: The world at the beginning of the 20th century Notes Timeline: 1871: Germany wins the Franco-Prussian war, and takes the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 1882: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy form an alliance called the ‘Triple Alliance’. 1889: ‘The second international’, an international congress meets in Paris. 1898: The Spanish-American war, the Philippines, Guam and Porto-Rico are transferred to the USA. 1899: Boer, settler’s rebel against British rule is South Africa. 1900: The boxer rebellion in China against foreign influence. 1901: President Mc Kindy is assassinated by an anarchist. 1906: The British battleship the dreadnaught is launched, naval race with Germany begins. 1907: The triple Entente is formed between Britain, Russia and France. 1908: A commission uncovers abuses and maltreatment of tribe’s people in the Belgian Congo. 1910: Japan annexes Korea. 1914: 28th June: The heir to the Austro-Hungarian is assassinated. 28th July: Austria bombards Belgrade, with the opening shots of WW1. 4th August: All major European powers at war. Political Ideologies: Socialism: • Developed in the 19th century as a result of industrial revolution. • Based on enlightenment assumptions: 1. Mankind was basically good. 2. Problems of society could be remedied. 3. A gov’t owes a duty to its citizens. • Marxism was the most important form of socialism • Means of producing...
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... such as the conflicts and hostility of the four decades leading up to the war. Moreover, Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism played major roles in the conflict. All of these factors where established in many of Europe's 'Great Powers' which consisted of; Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. Many of the reasons as to why war broke out were built up over years and even decades thus, were long term causes. However, a handful of events occurred over a few months and years prior to the event, consequently were short term causes. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife, acted as a trigger that ultimately led to war breaking out. As a result of this T.F. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The assassination gave Austria-Hungary the ideal excuse to declare war against Serbia. An ultimatum was issued to Serbia stating that it must agree to all the terms described in the ultimatum in order to avoid war. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia 48 hours to reply and clearly stated that all the terms must be met and complied with. Serbia agreed to all terms except one. WW1 had many countries involved but not all of them entered at the same time. There were three sides to choose from at the beginning of WW1. One option was the Central Powers which included; Germany and Austria-Hungary, and were later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, who were neutral at first then joined at a later date. There were The Allies which were made...
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...unite it with Serbia. The assassination led to the first World War. This terrible conflict latsed over 4 years, involved over 30 nations, and claimed more than 20,000,000 lives, both miltary and civilian. It cost billions of dollars, destroyed Europe, crumbled empires, and sowed seeds of World War 2. There were also others causes that led up to World War 1. Over time, countries in Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. If one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia, Germany and Austria-Hungary (The Dual Alliance 1879), France and Russia (Franco-Russian Alliance 1891), Britain and France and Belgium, and Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914), Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia (August 1, 1914). France was then drawn in against Germany and AustriaHungary (August 3, 1914). Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war (August 4, 1914). This eventually split the continent into two hostile sides. The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, later joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire), and the Allies (Great Britain, France, Russia, later joined by Japan, Italy, and the United...
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...For a quick example: because France and England severely punished Germany with reparations, Germans were humiliated, and their economy was in shambles. This led to the rise of Adolph Hitler, WWII, The Cold War, and much of the European history that has followed through cause and effect. Causes of the war were growing nationalism, imperialism, militarism and a system of alliances in Europe. Nationalism is the love of one’s country, but it allows individuals to believe they are better than others, so it makes it easier for them to go to war against each other. Before World War I, Europeans were very nationalistic. Imperialism is the domination of one country by another, and European countries established colonies and dominated other nations around the world for their natural resources and their markets. This was no different than the relationship between England and the American Colonies. England believed the colonies existed for the good of England. They thought it was their right to control colonial trade and tax the colonies. Imperialism put European countries in competition with each other for colonies around the world. Militarism is the policy where a country builds up its armed forces. They developed their navys to protect the sea routes to their different colonies. Clearly each country wanted a military equal to if not better to their completion. This led to the Arms race. The problem with having a strong military is the temptation to use it. The European countries began...
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...by the empires, and the conclusion of the war resulted in the destruction of the empires, particularly the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary Empire. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire allowed many Middle East countries to be self-governed, while the West such as Great Britain and France had more interest in Europe than in the Middle East enabled the former to play a dominant role of colonization in the region. This seeded confrontation between two different civilizations, resulting in chaos later and to a large extent helping shape the Middle East in today's world. This paper attempts to examine this history arguing how the Ottoman Empire declined and eventually dissolved at the end of WWI. It shows that the internal problems of the Empire, such as its backward political and economic system, failed to compete with the increasing influence of the Western European countries, whose government was more efficient and more industrialized than the former, in the Middle East. The paper starts with a discussion of the contemporary situation in the Empire, and then deals with the problems that led to the conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers over the Middle East during WWI. It finally analyzes how the defeat of the Ottomans and the increasing British and French dominance in the Middle East laid the ground for today's conflicts in the region between the Arabic states and the Jewish nation, which is supported by the West. Since 1600s the Ottoman Empire had controlled...
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...Hungary. | Rivals with France over Alsace, Britain over her navy. | Austria- Hungary | Kaiser Franz Joseph (1848-1916) Constitutional Monarchy | Italy, Germany | Rivalry with Russia over the Balkans, Territorial disputes with her ally, Italy | Italy | King Victor Emmanuel III (1900-1946) Constitutional Monarchy | Austria, Germany | Disputes with France in North Africa large Italian communities lived in the Austrian Empire. | The direct cause of WWI was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. However historians feel that a number of factors contributed to the rivalry between the Great powers that allowed war on such a wide-scale to break out. A major historical debate still rages about who has the ultimate responsibility for the outbreak of war. Germany and Austria are usually regarded as the main culprits. However unlike World War Two there is no one easily identifiable bad guy! Below are some of the main long-term causes that are identified by historians:- The System of Alliances / rivalry between the powers Militarism Nationalism...
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...violent jihadists. The attacks in London and the Charlie Hebdo affair Protective of their rights: freedom of speech, press, etc. Economically Europe is in a bad recession, minorities, like in the past, are now being blamed for economic strife. Politically There has been a rise in far right, nationalist political groups (National Front) Promote xenophobia People feel threatened by other countries and cultures, specifically Muslims. Greek Independance: War of Greek Independence, (1821–32), rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent kingdom of Greece. originated in the activities of a patriotic conspiracy founded in Odessa (now in Ukraine) in 1814. desire for some form of independence was common among Greeks, whose Hellenism (sense of Greek nationality) had been brought up by the Greek Orthodox Church, the survival of the Greek language, and by the administrative arrangements of the Ottoman Empire. revolt began in March 1821 on March 25, 1821 (the traditional date of Greek independence), sporadic revolts against Turkish rule had broken out in the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos), in Greece north of the Gulf of Corinth (Korinthiakós), and on several islands. Within a year the rebels had gained control of the Peloponnese, and in January 1822 they declared the independence of Greece. Led to conflict with Turks Start of Greek Nationalism Immigration: Years of war, oppression and human rights abuses in countries...
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...nationalism, imperialism, militarism, etc. However all of these factors are influenced and tied together by the alliance system in place at the time tensions in the Balkans erupted. In this time period the Ottoman Empire had lost much of its control and power in the corridor to Europe. Many of the leading nations of Europe sought to emplace their influence in this region to serve as an economical attributor to its powerbase. With land being the primary means of travel between the East and West, having control of the corridor would be extremely favorable for any leading power to impose taxes, control the flow of goods, and serve as a barrier against future invaders. Before 1914 the five Great Powers; Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia controlled Europe. In order to avoid conflict early on, the major powers went through great lengths to maintain a balance of power constructed from a complex network of political and military alliances throughout the continent. Germany was the chief orchestrator of these alliances when is first made a secret alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879 (Duffy, "The Causes of World War One"). Three years later Italy joined this “Dual Alliance” to form the Triple Alliance because it was annoyed with France for stopping its plans to colonize North Africa. In 1870 Germany’s industrial and economic power had grown greatly after the unification and the foundation of an empire built from the Old Prussian Empire. Tucker and Wheeler provide...
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...WWI was the European alliances. To what extent do you agree with this statement Before 1914 the five Great Powers, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia controlled Europe. In 1914 World War One broke out in Europe. Historians have debated the causes ever since. As a historian it will be difficult to conclusively establish a single cause - a number of significant causes is a far more helpful outcome. Although the European Alliances were certainly a cause of WWI, there were many other causes as well. Along with the European Alliances there was Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and of course the physical conflicts leading up to the war. All these issues blew up the balloon of tension, which just needed a tiny pinprick to burst into war. The European Alliances had a major part in beginning WWI. After the build up of tension from Nationalism, Imperialism and Militarism, the Powers were worried about being attacked by each other. To counter this alliances were formed. Germany made a secret alliance with Austria-Hungary in 1879. Three years later Italy joined this Dual Alliance to form the Triple Alliance because it was annoyed with France for stopping its plans to colonise North Africa. The rest of the Great Powers became increasingly worried about the strength of the Triple Alliance. Believing they could be defeated by Germany, Austria and Italy acting together. France and Russia agreed to help each other if attacked. Britain was worried because it had no...
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...World War I such as nationalism, imperialism, and militarism. These factors also contributed to the rise of Pan-Slavism in Eastern Europe. All of the thing lead to the Great War and began the process of the United States to enter the war.America and the Great WarPan-Slavism“Pan-Slavism theory and movement intended to promote the political or cultural unity of all Slavs. Advocated by various individuals from the 17th cent., it developed as an intellectual and cultural movement in the 19th cent. It was stimulated by the rise of romanticism and nationalism, and it grew with the awakening of the Slavs within the Austrian and Ottoman empires. Slavic historians, philologists, and anthropologists, influenced by Johann Gottfried von Herder, helped spread a national consciousness among the Slavs, and some dreamed of a unified Slavic culture to replace an allegedly declining Latin-German culture. The first Pan-Slav Congress, held at Prague in 1848 and presided over by František Palacký, was confined to the Slavs under Austrian rule and was anti-Russian. The humiliating defeat suffered by Russia in the Crimean War (1853-56) helped transform a vague, romantic Russian Slavophilism into a militant and nationalistic Russian Pan-Slavism. Prominent among the Russian Pan-Slav publicists were Rotislav Andreyevich Fadeyev and Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevsky. Fadeyev claimed that it was Russia's mission to liberate the Slavs from Austrian and Ottoman domination by war and to form a Russian-dominated...
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