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Milk Succesion

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Submitted By isaac1993
Words 527
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INTRODUCTION Growing up we all remember how much our mothers emphasized and encouraged us to drink milk. The reason was simple, milk is a highly nutritious drink. It contains carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Bacteria, which is a prokaryotic cell, is found any nutritious place. Since milk is highly nutritious, it makes an ideal home for bacteria. Milk goes through pasteurization. This process reduces the number of bacteria and increases milks shelf life. It reduces the bacteria, but does not kills all of them. Putting it in the fridge slows down the speed of bacteria multiplying. Once you take it out the fridge, and leave it in room temperature, they grow at a high speed. If left over a long period of time, an orderly succession of microorganism communities takes place. In this experiment, me and my partner will work together to observe the environmental conditions, and pattern of succession that takes place in plain whole milk, over a period of eight days. Lactobacillus and streptococcus both survive pasteurization. These two ferment lactose to lactic acid, thus dropping in pH level. This acidic environment causes casein to curdle up. We expect to see yeasts and fungi, because they grow well in acidic environment.

METHOD We recorded pH using pH paper of day 0, day 1, day 2, day 4, day 6, and day 8. Than we observed the consistency, odor, and color of each. Than we made slides using the gram stain method for each day. Which is to take a thin smear on the slide, and then heat fix it. Than place crystal violet on it for a minute. Rinse with water. Than cover it with iodine for one minute. Rinse again with water. Than decolorize with alcohol with 10-20 seconds. Rinse again with water. Than cover it with safranin for two minutes. Then rinse with water and gently blot dry. After repeating this method for each day, place under microscope to detect microorganisms.

RESULTS Day zero milk was liquidly, white, and had no smell. pH was seven. Very few microorganisms, close to nothing. 24 hours was also liquidly, white, but had a slightly sour smell to it. pH was 7. Saw fungi and Streptococcus (gram-positive coccus). Day two was liquidly with chunks, slightly yellow, and had a slight sour smell to it. pH was 7. Saw fungi and streptococcus. Day four was chunky, slightly yellow, and had a putrid smell to it. pH was seven. Day six was very dense, slightly yellow, and had a sour smell to it. pH was six. Day eight was liquidly, yellow and had a putrid smell to it. pH was six.

DISCUSSION As expected we found streptococcus in all of the days, except day zero. But we did not find any lactobacillus (gram positive rod). We observed the putrid smell caused by Pseudomonas and Achromobacter (both gram negative rods), but did not see any under the microscope. pH levels dropped in day six and eight, as expected. As expected, chucks were form due to the acidic environment. We did see some fungi. Did not see any yeast, which we were expecting to see in the last days.

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