...Coal mining in South Africa plays a significant role in the country’s economy as it is responsible for nearly three quarters of Eskom’s fuel supply. The industry is also responsible for supplying the coal-to-liquids (CTL) industry, developed by the South African fuel company, SASOL, who produces around 35% of the country’s liquid fuel. It is centered on the Highveld, with roughly 60% of the country’s deposits located in eMalahleni (Witbank) and surrounding areas. The largest coal deposits in South Africa are to be found in the Ecca Group. The Ecca Group covers around two thirds of South Africa and contains more than a third of all coal reserves in the Southern Hemisphere. Some coal fields in South Africa are Waterberg, Highveld, Witbank, Ermelo, Utrecht and Klip River Coal fields. South Africa makes extensive use of coal for electricity generation in its domestic economy as well as exporting approximately 28% of its coal production, mainly through the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, making South Africa the fourth-largest coal exporting country in the world. By international standards, South Africa's coal deposits are relatively shallow with thick seams, which make them easier and usually cheaper to mine. There has been a decline in high-quality reserves in recent years resulting in an increased political and industrial push for the application of technical advances to extend the life of major coal deposits. There are 2 processes in how coal is mined, namely: surface mining and...
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...www.miningsecurityforum.com & MINING SECURITY CRISIS MANAGEMENT FORUM 2014 12-13 November Taj Cape Town South Africa Supported by: Gold Sponsor: Sponsors: Exhibitor Sponsor: Organised by: ABOUT THE SUMMIT MINING SECURITY & CRISIS MANAGEMENT FORUM 2014 | 12-13 NOVEMBER 2014 | CAPE TOWN The mining sector in the developing world is growing rapidly, but As global resources dwindle, companies are venturing into ever associated new risk and threat environment is crucial to the equipment and valuable minerals from mines, work place violence and and tested crisis management planning Terrorism across Africa is a growing concern, in 2013 the mining world was shocked by the deadly on the Areva mine in Niger, The Mining Security & Crisis Management Forum will address Managing and being highly alert to the insider opportunity to with industry a rise Security Survey 2013 found that 41% of the mining and metals 2 Mining Security & Crisis Management 2014 Forum SPEAKERS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Security • • • • MEDIA PARTNERS FireSpec Systems AFIMAC Global Control Risks Mwana Africa Vale (Mozambique) De Beers Namibia Debswana Diamond Co. Exxaro Resources Vale Brazil Antwerp World Diamond Centre (AWDC) De Beers Consolidated Mines Newmont Mining Mining Security & Crisis Management 2014 Forum 3 DAY 1 | WEDNESDAY 12TH NOVEMBER 2014 • • • • • • • • • mining industry • • • • • • • • P •...
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...The mining industry is one of the world’s greatest international industries and it is a very high health hazard business. Due to the economic and environmental impacts, the mining industry is one of the most complex industries. The development of the mining industry is evident but unethical (Cragg & Greenbaum 2002). However, the lack of business ethics has contributed to the re-development of the mining business in today’s economic climate. Corporations such as CSR indicated how unethical behaviors aimed at the interest of the shareholders, the state and the environment (Campbell 2012). This has affected the operations of their business and the sociological impact which coincides with the global business standard codex (GBSC) (Campbell 2011). The purpose of this essay is to examine the ethical point and performance of the mining industry concerning risky employment, child labor, corruption and health and safety of workers in rising countries using three ethical principles of the global business standards codex (GBSC). Global ethics is important because the use of standardized ethical principles within the companies will form a single standard and generally increase the business conduct of employees within the mining industry (Campbell 2011). The code of the business conduct sets out standards that the mining industry must obey to as guiding its business and includes environment protection, occupational health and safety, confidentiality, equal employment opportunity and commitment...
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...New Earth Mining Paper Sample APA Style 1.0. Executive summary This study gives an analysis and appraisal of New Earth Mining (NEM) company investment prospect in the Iron Ore mining industry in South Africa. It looks at the current financial position of NEM and prospective success of the investment via a subsidiary New Earth South Africa (NESA). The analysis methods delve into the estimated returns on investment by use of approximated cash flows. Results of the analysis show that the returns from the investment are likely to be positive. The case study also investigates the financial soundness of NEM and so its susceptibility to new investments (Fruhan & Wang, 2013). The company’s data used is up to date and hence it is reliable making this study meticulous. The project should commence in year 2015 with an initial Investment cost of $200 million, 40% of which will be required in early 2013 and the remaining 60% in early 2014. The investment will include construction, insurance, operating assets and will have $20m worth of working capital. $40 million of loans will be required in 2013 and $120 million of loans required in 2014 (interest accrued over 2013 and 2014 and paid in 2015). Iron ore has high demand from the steel manufacturing industry. It is mined and transported from South Africa by sea to other countries that manufacture steel. This trade has recorded a steady increase of 4.4% over the years. South Africa produces 1 billion tons of ore annually, which puts it...
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...1. SOUTH AFRICA: NATIONALISATION AND THE MINING SECTOR As of late, the political atmosphere has been clouded with varying judgements on the great issue of whether South African mines should be nationalised or not. The camp in favour of nationalisation, Former President of ANC Youth League, Julius Malema echoes the words of the Freedom Charter in that “The National Wealth of our country… the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and the monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people as a whole”. The camp not in favour sees this vision in a different light. Nonetheless, this essay investigates the feasibility of nationalising the country’s mining sector from both a theoretical and empirical stand point. 2. WHERE IT’S ALL STARTED Nationalisation of mines has been called for in order to give back to the country as the government will have direct control over the sector. This, they believe, will present more employment opportunities, better working conditions for miners, a more efficient distribution of income and overall improvement in service delivery. Julius Malema (the main instigator behind the call for nationalisation), proposes that the state take a controlling share of 60% in all private mines, all which will be managed by a state owned mining firm (LeadershipOnline, n.d). According to Malema, nationalisation will achieve the following: ➢ Increase the State’s budget for social development objectives; ➢ Be a basis from which the...
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...chalcopyrite 3) Marblized calacite 4) Albite feldspar 5) Specular hematite 6) Pyrite crystals Copper has been mined in Oman for thousands of years. The mineral sector’s operations include mining and quarrying. Several projects have recently been completed including: an economic feasibility study on silica ore in Wadi Buwa and Abutan in the Wusta Region, which confirmed that there were exploitable reserves of around 28 million tonnes at the two sites; a feasibility study on the production of magnesium metal from dolomite ore; a draft study on processing limestone derivatives; a project to produce geological maps of the Sharqiyah Region (Ibra); economic feasibility studies on the exploitation of gold and copper ores in the Ghaizeen area; a study on raw materials in the wilayats of Duqm and Sur for use in the Sultanate’s cement industry; and a study on the construction of a new minerals laboratory in Ghala in the Governorate of Muscat The sultanate produces copper, chromite, gold, and silver. Oman's main copper reserves are in the Suhar area on the Al Batinah coast. The processing of ore at the Suhar complex, operated by the government-owned Oman Mining Company, began in 1983. The production of chromite by the Oman Mining Company also began in 1983 in the Suhar area. Exports of the Oman Mining Company are primarily destined to the Far East market. In 1990 Taiwan accounted for 38.5 percent of exports, followed by Japan with 11.1 percent and South Korea...
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...Summaries of Dicore International Case Study * Dicore, a leading global drilling services provider in mining and water projects, was one of the largest drilling service providers in the world, with a presence in 27 countries across five different continents. * The company’s expected equipment utilisation rates were sub-par, but senior vice president was optimistic about expansion in southwestern US. * Senior vice president had to outline the expansion strategy with risks and action to tackle risks. The Mining Industry * The profitability is highly dependent on considerably fluctuating mineral price. The macroeconomic (supply and demand) trends had impact on mining industry. The decisions of extend of investment rely on prices, which even lead to stopping mining certain materials. * In the US, gold (54% of spending) and copper (31% of spending) are more in exploration market. In Canada, gold (49%) and copper (2nd driver). * In 2012, total nonferrous exploration spending increased to $21.5b, when $17.25b increase in 2011. * Industry condition in 2013 was less favourable. Mining industry profits in 2012 fell to $68b (49% drop), leading to decreased industry-wide spending in 2013. Annual capital expenditure across the top 40 mining companies was projected to be $110b in 2013 (21% drop from 2012), resulting from fewer profits. Stock price dropped 20% in season 1 of 2013, when overall stock condition was very good that S&P 500 was up over 14%...
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...in oxidized ores and sulfide ores that must be mined and processed oxidized ores contain primarily copper, and can basically be melted down into copper in a smelting procress. A process in mining copper is called open pit mining in which a big hole is dug in the earth that are sometimes a few thousands of yards wide. huge machinery are used to mine copper such as giant earth movers, rock crushers even blasting with dinomites is used to move large chucks of earth. luckly we are in not gunna run out of copper any thime soon. An estimated 5.8 trillionpounds of copper known worldwide, of which about .07 trillion pounds have been mined throughout history. And of that .07 trillion is still in circulation because coppers recycling rate is higher than that of any other engineering metal. Silver, what is it and where it found? Native silver is the purest kind of silver. Native silver is a metal with nothing else added to it. Most silver is found in an ore combined with a mineral. it can be found in igneous (igneous rock is made when magma comes to the earth surface in the form of lava its is supper heated then cooled) and sedimentary ore like galena, it is formed in veins of rock that have very hot water flowing threw and around them. How and where is it mined? Silver is mined using underground mining Most of the time silver is found in ore. The miners goal might not be to find silver but...
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...Hungary and the Ancient Egypt also mined flint and malachite respectively for weaponry tools and ornaments. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining) Mining generally is the extraction of valuable mineral deposits or other geological materials from the ground or earth. These deposits could be gold, bauxite, manganese, precious metals, diamond, oil, coal, limestone and many others. Any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes created artificially in a laboratory or factory is normally mined. Mining normally involves prospecting for the mineral and final exploration if found, in the form of surface (strip) or underground mining. Surface mining is when the soil and rocks overlying the mineral deposits are removed. It is used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rocks are found near the surface; that is, where the overburden(surface material covering the valuable deposit) is relatively thin or the material of interest is structurally unsuitable for tunneling (as would usually be the case for sand, cinder, and gravel). Surface mining is safer than underground mining because the miners are not exposed to such potential hazards as roof falls, to explosions caused by methane gas or dust ignitions, and to coal-worker pneumoconiosis (black lung) caused by long-term exposure to respirable coal dust. In underground mining, the ore...
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...SWOT Analysis for Caterpillar Inc. MBA5101 Christi Warthan Columbia Southern University SWOT Analysis for Caterpillar Inc. Introduction: This will be a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis on Caterpillar Inc. From the inception of the company in 1925 Caterpillar has been a pioneer in the industry and today is a global corporation that is one of the most widely recognized in the world. Strengths: One of the biggest strengths that Caterpillar has going for it is brand name recognition. There are few places on planet Earth that you can go and not find a piece of Caterpillar equipment. That name is also synonymous with quality. Another one is the wide product range it has and services. With a distribution chain that is global, the company is able to produce and supply those quality products to just about anywhere. With nearly $11 billion in sales and revenue last physical year the company is able to achieve a strong line of acquisition too. According to the company website Caterpillar.com, they current holds more than 15,000 active patens and have more than 108,000 full time employees. The strength of any company is its work force and Caterpillar is no exception. They currently employ over 11,000 engineers and over 350 Ph-D level scientist that are working to provided new innovation and technologies. Another benchmark for the company is its efforts to achieve sustainability. “A leader in remanufacturing technologies and processes...
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...Is there a reality of workers human rights in the Zambian copper mining industry? And if so, what is the challenges non- governmental organisations face in upholding these rights? With the rapid increase in the globalisation of developing countries, the growing relationship between China and African development has been debated. ‘China is either seen as benign or malign to African development efforts’ but there is question as to whether focus should be on Chinese firms , the governments within these nations or non-governmental organisations. Some would argue that multinational enterprises (MNE’s) must adhere to some sort of “corporate responsibility”, but who do they answer to? Or do we look for accountability in a CEO of a Zambian mining company who believes that; ‘the idea of wealth in the ground anywhere in the world belonging to all citizens is a bit mushy for hardnosed business men’? In this dilemma a legitimate source of governance is required, however the challenge we face in legitimacy is ‘the participation of civil society in some fashion as well as the state’. This factor measures whether non-governmental organisations (NGO’s) can function within the global community and more importantly to this proposal, whether those NGO’s active in Zambia can be held accountable for the rights of workers in the country’s copper mining industry. Human rights watch recorded the plea of a drill operator ‘who would just have to do [his] job no matter how unsafe’ or threats of sacking...
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...segment 5. Products / Services strategies 6. Channel and Distribution strategies 7. Pricing Strategies: m. Pricing determinants for industry n. Pricing strategies of company 8. Place 9. Consolidated SWOT analysis of company’s marketing operations 10. Financial Scorecard 11. Operational Scorecard 12. Recommendations for the future 1. Introduction to the Company History * An integrated mining and resources producer of zinc, lead, silver and cadmium. * Hindustan Zinc (HZL) was incorporated from the erstwhile Metal Corporation of India on January 10, 1966 as a Public Sector Undertaking. * A subsidiary of Vedanta Resources PLC. The world's the world's largest integrated producer of zinc and second largest zinc producer and the third largest Zinc smelter in the world and are on the verge of breaking into the top 10 global Silver producers.. Present Status in Industry Vedanta an over US $ 8.2 billion, Vedanta Resources plc (“Vedanta”) is a London listed FTSE 100 diversified metals and mining major. The group produces...
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...MINING INDUSTRY IN CONGO - DRC MINING INDUSTRY IN CONGO- DRC The Democratic Republic of the Congo (abbreviated DR Congo or DRC), previously known as Zaire, is rich in resources. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is home to vast reserves of a wide variety of natural resources – primary among them being metals such as cobalt, copper, gold and precious stones, including diamonds. DRC is believed to contain around 4% of the world‟s copper reserves and one-third of its cobalt reserves. The mining industry, like the rest of the economy in the central African nation, had suffered due to an unstable political environment, coupled with widespread strife caused by the six-year civil war that ended in 2003. However, there are indications that investors are now willing to discount the political risk premium of investing in the DRC, given the high prices of minerals on global markets, and therefore the potential of holding mineral rights within the country. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Africa's largest nation, has abundant mineral resources including, cobalt, copper, gold and diamonds. A majority of the mineral resources are concentrated in the southern and eastern provinces of the nation. The DRC is the world's largest producer of cobalt. However, the production of cobalt is not expected to chart an exceptional growth path, with many small mining players switching from the metal to copper. Constrained supply and political instability are pushing up cobalt prices...
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...the Lok Sabha on December 12, 2011. The Bill was referred to the Standing Committee on Coal and Steel (Chairperson: Kalyan Banerjee) on January 5, 2012. The Committee was scheduled to submit its report in the last week of the Winter Session 2012. Highlights of the Bill The Bill requires every person to obtain a license or lease for carrying on mining or related activities. A new concession instrument called a High Technology Reconnaissance-cum-Exploration License has been introduced. The Bill provides for two methods of granting a mineral concession – competitive bidding where mineralisation is established and first-comefirst-serve otherwise. A District Mineral Fund (DMF) will be established in each district where there are mining operations to make payments to affected persons. A mining leaseholder will pay an annual amount to the DMF for the benefit of affected persons. This will be equal to 26 per cent of profits in case of coal, and royalty paid during the year for other minerals. Mining leaseholders will be liable to provide annual compensation and at least one non-transferable share to persons affected by mining operations. Recent Briefs: The Higher Education and Research Bill, 2011 December 28, 2012 Key Issues and Analysis The Bill permits allocation of mineral concession in tribal areas to a nontribal. There are two conflicting Supreme Court judgments on the legality of such a provision. Royalty rates are set to achieve an optimum balance between...
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...Chapter 14 Review The environmental effects of gold mining can harm the environment in many negative ways. Gold miners removed enough rock to equal the weight of 50 automobiles to extract a little amount of gold. The leftover waste is piled near the mine sites and can pollute the air and nearby surface water. Mining companies also created a new mining technology called cyanide heap leaching to level entire mountains of rock. In order for them to extract the gold, they spray a solution of highly toxic cyanide salts. This cyanide is extremely toxic to birds and mammals drawn to these ponds in search of water and they can leak into the rivers posing as a threat to fish and other life forms. Geology is the science devoted to the study of dynamic processes occurring on the earth’s surface and in its interior. The core is the earth’s innermost zone. The mantle is a thick zone surrounding the core. The crust is the outermost and thinnest zone of the earth. The tectonic plates are various sized areas of the earth’s lithosphere that move slowly around with the mantle’s flowing asthenosphere. The lithosphere is the outer shell of the earth, composed of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle outside the asthenosphere. A transform vault is an area where the earth’s lithospheric plates move in opposite but parallel directions along a fracture in the lithosphere. Weathering is the physical and chemical processes in which solid rock exposed at earth’s surface is changed to separate...
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