...Abstract Developing countries seeking to build their economy commonly look to attracting multi-national corporations (MNCs) through low cost labor and lucrative tax incentives plans in the hopes of creating a mutually benefiting relationship between both parties. However bringing in these outside businesses poses a legitimate threat to elite special interest groups already existing and thriving in the current economic state. MNCs must due their due diligence when selecting a potential host country and then determine the best strategy to deal with these groups in order to mitigate as much risk as possible. Contents Abstract ……………2. Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Intorduction 4 Literature Review 6 MNCs must determine the political environment 6 Why elite special interest groups exist 8 Strategies for dealing with elite special interest groups 9 Corupption………………………………………………………………………… 9 Assisting host government in creating a functioning economy………………… 11 Methodology 12 Conclusion 12 References 16 Multi-National Corporation’s Strategies for Special Interest Groups within a Host Country Research of developing countries has shown that economic growth is closely correlated to its cash flows and the quickest way for developing countries to increase those cash flows is through attracting new businesses. Technology has played a major role in the globalization of business and has made it much easier for corporations...
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...Quantitative Methods | Question No. & Title: | “Critique of Quantitative Methods Journal Paper” | “Critique of Quantitative Methods Journal Paper” Why Are Some Subsidiaries of Multinationals the Source of Novel Practices while Others Are Not? National, Corporate and Functional Influences. This paper aims to establish the analysis of a unique international data set in four host countries like Canada. Ireland, Spain and UK. The study examines the argument that various, rather than single, proof are required to understand the factors promoting or retarding the diffusion of human resource practices within multinational companies. Multinational companies are progressively powerful and effective in Europe and worldwide. They are the main factor of the world and regional economies. MNCs are familiar with the sharing of organizational practices to foreign subsidiaries with the rest of the company. Organizational practices can be shown as important resources and abilities to produce and develop through the firm. “The key part of MNC’s is the diffusion of human resource practices to develop at the international level at the diverse capabilities and knowledge that they possess at subsidiary level.” The article examines the diffusion of HR practices from the foreign operations of MNCs to the rest of the firm. The term for this is reverse diffusion. In these case the main focus of research which are related to MNC’s is that the direction of the diffusion is inverted. It was...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Reasons MNC goes IPN 2 2.1 New Economic Geography (NEG) 2 2.1.1 Economies of Scale 2 2.1.2 Thickness of Markets 2 2.2 Production Fragmentation 3 2.2.1 Factor-cost and technology advantage 4 2.2.2 Low International Trade Cost 4 3.0 Using two case studies of firms headquartered in two different countries, show how the growth of trade and investment links among several Asian economies is related to the strategic production and location decisions of firms and how firms took into consideration the main factors affecting such decision. 6 3.1 First Case Study of Firm; Toyota Motor Corporation Headquartered in Japan 6 3.2 Second Case Study of Firm; Apple Inc Headquartered in U.S. 7 3.3 Comparisons between Toyota Motor Corporation and Apple Inc. 7 3.4 Factors Toyota and Apple took such strategic production and location decisions 8 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 5.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction East Asian region has been seen as the world’s fastest growth centre for decades with the emerging of East Asian Tigers- Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan- shows that the world’s economic centre of gravity is gradually shifting East (Ando & Kimura, 2005). The World Bank (1993) listed this as “East Asian Miracle”. With more and more acceptance of globalization and trade liberalization in East Asia had formed international production network (IPN) – the cross-borders trades of parts and components to other...
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...Language an important factor in multinationals: The impact of language across cross-cultural leadership, management and communication Abstract The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the impact of language on various leadership and management contexts in multinational organizations which operates across different cultures. This paper examines the extent of literature which have focused on the study of language and its impact on activities concerned with leadership and management in multinationals. The main focus being the impact on headquarter and subsidiary communication, knowledge sharing and management contexts, this paper details the literature which suggest that multinationals would be better off by focusing on language and developing language policies which better suit its nature rather than taking language as a granted factor. The objective of this paper is to conclude that language difference across different cultures can no longer be left unattended as its as various implication internally as well as externally for corporations which are operating with different cultures and different languages. Keywords: Language, MNC, multinationals, leadership, management, communication, knowledge sharing, language policy Introduction The growing integration of companies from all around the globe is increasing the race towards a global village. Companies that operate beyond borders are the most influential of them all. Multinational companies are crossing their national...
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...FIN 535 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 1 MNC ENTERS CHINA To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/fin-535-week-8-assignment-1-mnc-enters-china/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM FIN 535 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 1 MNC ENTERS CHINA FIN 535 Week 8 Assignment 1 - MNC Enters China Select one (1) MNC that does not currently do business in China. Next, consider the steps that the company should consider in determining the feasibility of entering the Chinese market and establishing a market for its products or services there. In addition to your own research, use the following links to conduct a country risk assessment (CRA) on China: Bureau of Economic Analysis: www.bea.gov Transparency International Corruptions Perceptions Index:http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/results Ranking of Economies-World Bank:http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings IMF Home Page:http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm Country Risk Classification-OECD:http://www.oecd.org/tad/xcred/crc.htm World Trade Organization Home Page:http://www.wto.org/ “Industry Analysis: Recreation” article:http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Industries/Industry_Analysis__Recreation.aspx Focus on the following areas: corruption, political stability, exchange rate stability, regulatory oversight, freedom of the press, and rule of law. Research other factors that you believe you should evaluate. Additionally, consider the importance of culture in evaluating risk. Then, go to the Hofstede Center’s Country...
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...reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. To contact the publisher: http://www.jibs.net/ In this paper we examine foreign location choices of the top 100 US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 1980 and 2000. We first ask whether there has been a change in MNC foreign location choice in this two-decade period. Second, we explore the underlying reasons of location change by focusing on country-level factors, accounting for firm-, industry — and regional-level explanations. Our findings suggest, first, that the extent of MNCs’ activities around the globe is more extensive than assumed by regionalists’ arguments and well beyond Ohmae’s TRIAD, but still less widespread than claimed by the globalists — the two main traditions within the globalizationregionalization debate. Second, we uncover an interesting de-location pattern in this period. Third, we develop an integrative framework where both economic and institutional-cultural arguments are shown to influence MNCs’ foreign location choice in different ways. We conclude with a discussion of our findings, and provide suggestions for future research. Keywords: MNC foreign location choice; host country factors; global strategy; regional strategy; globalization INTRODUCTION Multinational corporations (MNCs) have played a central role in the global economic, social and political changes commonly xeferred to as globalization (Held and McGrew, 2000). According to the United...
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...Chupical Shollah Manuel Globalization as a theory, concept and ideology has roots from modernization theories. It has been advanced by industrialized nations and thereupon imposed on the developing nations. This concept is paradoxical where in one hand it is liberating and on the other it is constraining. In this paper, globalization is defined as a set of institutional and ideological relations which brings nations into a global village, fusion of cultures, and advancement of geopolitics, internationalization, increased borderless society and global market economy (Robertson, 1992; Ritzer, 2004; Wallerstein, 1974/2000; Zetlin, 2001). This essay chronicles a heated debate between supporters of globalization and those who are skeptical about it as suggested by the question that globalization benefits small nations while in sharp contrast these small developing nations find it as beneficial to developed nations. A plethora of case studies will be drawn across the globe in assessing these two contrasting views and in the conclusion a judgement will be passed based on the evidence substantiated throughout the entire essay. The assertion that “while promoters of globalization proclaim that this model is the tide that will lift all boats, while citizens movements find that it is instead lifting only yachts” means that globalization is viewed, conceived and interpreted differently by the rich and the poor countries are very sceptical. Globalization is not different from other theories...
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...International Finance Research Paper Assignment As part of the course you will write an original paper on an international finance topic. The paper should be short and focused. It should use original data nad if it should include proper references. Your paper should have four parts: introduction, data, analysis, and conclusion. The introduction should state the question that you are asking, explain why this question is important, how you plan to answer the question, and how it is related to what others have done. The data section should describe the data that you are using. This may include the description and discussion of the data source, variables that you are using and a table with descriptive statistics. The analysis may consist of a series of graphs, tables, correlations and perhaps even a regression. The conclusion should summarize the results, state their implications, and suggests further research. Your project should not exceed 20 pages You can choose any of the following topic 1. What determines exchange rates? A study on exchange rtaes of Bangladesh 2. Exchange rate risk managemnt by MNcs (you must answer the following two questions a. What are the types of exchange rate risks faced by the MNCs? b. Understand the attempt for the use of foreign exchange derivatives (exchange rate risk management approaches) that can benefits the MNCs. c. How Bangladeshi companies manage exchange rate risk. 3. Is the Bangladesh...
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...Whether you are an individual citizen or a multinational companies (MNCs) you are subjected to a tax. Certain offshore jurisdiction around the globe offers lower tax rates and other tax features. It is designed to attract domestic and foreign investors seeking an opportunity to game the tax code and maximize profits. The Canada Revenue Agency has defined Tax Havens as jurisdictions with no tax, or very low rates of taxation; strict bank secrecy provisions; a lack of transparency in the operation of its tax system, and a lack of effective exchange of information with other countries. As shown in (Desai, Foley, and Hines Jr 2004), examples of such Tax Havens include Ireland, Luxembourg, Singapore, and various Caribbean island nations in America. According to Tax Justice Networks 2012 report, approximately USD $21 trillion to $32 trillion is sheltered from taxes in unreported Tax Havens worldwide. Canada has suffered tax revenue loss of $7.8 Billion annually as a result of Tax Havens (Canadians for Tax Fairness [CTF], 2013). In 2007, US president Barack Obama and his Senators C.Laevin and N.Coleman noted “Offshore Tax Havens have declared economic war on honest U.S. taxpayers”. Apple is among 82 of the top 100 publicly traded U.S. companies that operate subsidiaries in Tax Haven jurisdiction as of 2012 (U.S.PIRG, 2012). Every dollar in taxes that MNCs and top tier wealthy individuals avoid by using Tax Havens must be balanced by those honest taxpayers paying higher taxes...
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...Börzel/Jana Hönke SFB-Governance Working Paper Series 25 • October 2011 DFG Sonderforschungsbereich 700 Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit - Neue Formen des Regierens? DFG Research Center (SFB) 700 Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood - New Modes of Governance? SFB-Governance Working Paper Series Edited by the Research Center (SFB) 700 „Governance In Areas of Limited Statehood - New Modes of Governance?“ The SFB-Governance Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publication to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Paper Series should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Copyright for this issue: Tanja A. Börzel/Jana Hönke Editorial assistance and production: Tanja Kilper/Sara Gebh/Anna Jüschke All SFB-Governance Working Papers can be downloaded free of charge from our website www.sfb-governance.de/en/ publikationen or ordered in print via e-mail to sfb700@zedat.fu-berlin.de. Börzel, Tanja A./ Hönke, Jana 2011: From Compliance to Practice. Mining Companies and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo, SFB-Governance Working Paper Series, No. 25, Research Center (SFB) 700, Berlin, October 2011. ISSN 1864-1024 (Internet) ISSN 1863-6896 (Print) This publication has been funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). DFG Research Center (SFB) 700 Freie Universität Berlin...
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...MNC's Effect on Local Businesses in Retailing Sector (India) Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2 Effect of MNC’s into Indian Retail Market 5 Advantages 5 Disadvantages 7 Hypothesis 8 Conceptual Model 8 Conclusion 10 References 10 Abstract Globalization paved the way for entrepreneurs to expand their wings beyond their respective counties. MNCs exploit the business opportunities in other countries based on the FDI policies in those countries. This has both advantages and disadvantages to the target country. The MNCs have their impact on the economy and people of countries in which they operate business. This paper focuses on the impact of MNCs on local businesses in retail sector in India. The report review existing literature which provides insights into FDI policies in India, the level of FDI allowed by Indian government with respect to single –brand and multi-brand foreign companies, the advantages, opportunities, risks, threats and disadvantages of allowing MNCs into retailing sector in India. Introduction Retailing is the business taking up by individuals or families in India. Generally mom and pop kind of businesses operate in retail sector. The retail sector has tremendous growth in India. Moreover retailing is a profitable business in India. Since India is the country with huge population, naturally it is the correct destination to foreign investors to get profits from the market. India has been traditionally depending...
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...experiences participating in the Research methodology project. I want to study about attitude of young consumers regarding Indian product and multinational company’s product – A comparative study with reference to electronic product. Objective of study – To find out awareness level of Indian and MNCs products To find out reason for preferring Indian and MNCs products To find our effectiveness of promotional activities To find out role of income and educational level of the consumer in the preference of product The interview should take around half an hour. I will be taking some notes during the session. All responses will be kept confidential. This means your responses will only be shared with research members and faculty. We will ensure that any information we include our report does not identify you as a respondent. Remember, you don’t have to talk about anything you don’t want to and you may end the interview at any time. Are there any questions about what I have just explained? Are you willing to participate in this interview? I will be analyzing the information you and others gave me and submitting a report to the college as on 22nd Nov, 2012. I will be happy to send you a copy to review at that time, if you are interested. Thank you for your time. PERSONAL INTERVIEW Interview Date _____________ Interview Time __________ INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Would you prefer to buy Indian product or MNCs product from following list- ...
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...Assignment 1: Literature critique An exploration of the impact of strategic international human resource management on firm performance: The case of Foreign MNCs in China By Chanzi Bao, Robert and UK Farhad Analoui, Robert Gordon University. 2011 Overview of the article’s content The paper reports the intensive competition arising from globalisation requiring MNCs to seek low cost, innovation, speed and adaptability and the need to manage their human resources globally and strategically in order to become a source of competitive advantage. The authors state that there is a need to manage human resources strategically so that they become source of sustained competitive advantage (Wright and McMahan, 1992; Boxall and Purcell, 2008). And that this has led to the evolution of strategic international human resource management (SIHRM), which not only acknowledge the need of balancing global integration and local responsiveness (Evans et al., 2002), but to seek strategic fit between HR policies and business strategy in order to achieve superior business performance. The researcher’s paper focus upon China with reference to foreign MNCs’ operations and the challenges faced from the dual pressure of balancing globalisation and localisation. Arguing that by combining the concept of SHRM with IHRM it identified a new research area of SIHRM which addressed the HRM issues and activities resulting from, and impacting on, the strategic activities and international concerns of MNC’s, that...
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...BUSINESS IN INDIA RODNEY SEBASTIAN ASHVIN PARAMESWARAN Australian National University FAIZAL YAHYA1 National University of Singapore In 1991, India’s closed economy opened up and attracted investments from several multinational companies (MNCs) around the world. As a result, people began to seek information about doing business in India, giving rise to a plethora of literature aimed at assisting them. Generally there are two prominent views of India. One is that India is a poor, under-developed country, lacking infrastructure and rife with religious superstitions, corruption and violence. The other is that India has an under-rated affluent and intellectual class, an advanced Information Technology (IT) sector and a rich culture. Neither view is entirely accurate. For those planning to do business in India, it is important that they are well informed of the real, complex situation in order to make calculated investments. Knowledge about doing business in India has to be constantly revised, updated and eradicated of biased or stereotypical views. A symptom of the maturity of this knowledge is recognition that the Indian business environment is amorphous. Conditions vary from state to state, industry to industry and region to region. This paper seeks to examine some aspects of this complexity and suggests how prospective investors could use the knowledge generated. Apart from Ramachandran’s (2000) acknowledgement of India’s segmented marketplace and Kumar & Thacker-Kumar’s (1996)...
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...accepted 20 April 2002 Abstract Using a unique dataset, this study examines the relationship between foreign-denominated debt (FDD), foreign currency exposure and foreign currency derivative (FCD) use, for a sample of US multinational corporations. We find a positive relationship between the exposure to foreign currency risk and the level of FDD, indicating that this debt may be used as a hedge. Moreover, FDD is negatively related to the use of FCD. We interpret this as further evidence that FDD is used as a hedge, and substitutes for the use of FCD in reducing currency risk. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: F23 Keywords: Hedging; Foreign debt; Currency derivatives 1. Introduction US multinational corporations (MNCs) employ a variety of financial and nonfinancial techniques to reduce or hedge their exposure to changing exchange rates (e.g. Bodnar et al., 1998; Marshall, 2000). Financial techniques include foreign- * Corresponding author. Tel.: '/1-405-744-8639; fax: '/1-405-744-5180 E-mail address: elliowb@okstate.edu (W.B. Elliott). 1042-444X/02/$ - see front matter # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 1 0 4 2 - 4 4 4 X ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 3 9 - 7 124 W.B. Elliott et al. / J. of Multi. Fin. Manag. 13 (2003) 123 Á/139 denominated debt (FDD) and foreign currency derivatives (FCD), where the natural hedge associated with FDD may either complement or substitute for FCD hedges....
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