The definition of Organized crime is “Criminal network; a powerful ruthless large-scale network of professional criminals” In Models of Organized Crime there are two different models the patron client and the bureaucratic. There are many differences between the two different models, but many similarities as well. Each organization is working towards the same ultimate goal, to make a profit but they make their profits in very different ways.
Both of those organizations have many things that are the same and also have many things that make them different in their own ways. I will be explaining how both of these two organizations are different and also how they may have things that are the same in the both organizations. I will also explain how things work throughout the both of the organizations and also how things taken place.
First of all a “patron-client organization is a group of criminal that patrons who exchanged information, established a network that connections with political leaders and government officials, and access the network of operatives for the purpose of benefiting the group’s clients politically and economically”(pg.1). Therefore, “bureaucratic are organizations that can be formal and consist of rules, regulations, procedures, and protocols that may prevent lower ranking members just like the patron-client from making decisions without administrative approval” (pg.1).
“Similarities notwithstanding, the differences between the two models are enlightening. As Paoli asserted, it does seem that these two theories were born of differing political and social climates. When Cressey presented his Bureaucratic model in the 1960s, American society was engaged in the Cold War. A strong fear of foreign influence prevailed and the idea that the Sicilian Mafia simply had imported their criminal enterprises fit with this fear. American law was dominated by a few strong leaders. By the 1970s, law enforcement was open to a new concept, for finding the big boss was proving elusive. In addition, the notion of individuality was gaining momentum during this time” (Paoli, 2002).
Therefore it’s very important to know that each of the models is extremely importance for understanding organization crime as each provides a huge wide-range of beneficial information. Furthermore the models are just like theories that can be display to what geographical locations are more prone to the development of criminal organizations than other locations. “The Bureaucratic model enforces rules whereas the Patron-client model enforces traditions or values. Regardless, each organization enforces those who step outside the limits of their position. Each uses the services of specialists and each conducts criminal acts as a means of either increasing profits or power, sometimes both. Both are efficient; the Bureaucratic model is efficient at getting results from a job and the Patron-client model is efficient at avoiding police detection” (Oakes, pg.1).
The two main models of organized crime consist of Cressey’s Cosa Nostra model and Albini’s Patron-Client model. In Cressey’s Cosa Nostra model, the organized crime unit La Cosa Nostra is a family unit embodied by male members of ancestral Italy. In this family, a code of conduct prohibits the reveal of organizational secrets and an authorization of violent punishments to those who violate the code. This model operates in a hierarchy consisting of a boss, consigliore, underboss, caporegime, and then soldiers. Lyman & Potter (2007) states that the existence of this model facilitates the flow of power and expectations of members. In addition, the success of this organized crime unit depends on some type of behavior to be profitable and discrete, ensure the allegiance of its members, and last through time. As for Albini’s Patron-Client model, the same category of members is involved except that the boss, underboss, and counselor all share the same role. The flow of power then follows through its captains and members. Lyman & Potter (2007) describes that organizational crime through this model involve organizational structures with loose structures, flexibility, and adaptability. They have well-placed contacts with those who have the means to certain resources they may need. However, people of organized crime in this model are not part of an organization in most cases. Their relationship varies with each member they utilize. Albini (1971: 288) believes that, instead of operating through societal secrecy, this model operates through flexible relationships to maintain its function because each member is only in it their own goal. The differences between these two models are that, the Cosa Nostra unit operates more in a traditional sense in which loyalty and respect are its main virtues. Rules of conduct are strictly followed including no interferences with the interest of others and being independent with class. The Patron-Client unit is a little more flexible with their rules and relationships with other participants. They have certain social network connections with those of higher social status including the law enforcement, politicians, as well as other criminals with special services to offer. This way, they have enough contacts to locate specific services that are necessary to advance in their criminal entrepreneurship. According to Cressey, organized criminal networks are controlled by one large Italian group he termed La Cosa Nostra. This group was bureaucratic in form and governed by a hierarchy with strict rules. Orders flowed from the top to those below with many specializing in criminal abilities. There is no room for error in assignments, for penalties are severe (Mallory, 2007). In my opinion the bureaucratic organization fulfills its goals more than the patron-client organization because they have less room for error. Within bureaucratic businesses there is conventionalism and these kinds of businesses include tips, plans, procedures, and techniques which limit those people lower in position from creating assessments without management approval. Where the reserved accreditation must be implemented through administration before one particular evaluation might be finished is called the bureaucracy principle. Within the patron-client businesses, the members considered lower in position are allowed, via self-approval, to get outer associates, manage company, without any approval, so long as the business reaps all the advantages, as well as earnings.
The people involved in bureaucratic businesses always place the mistakes and financial issues on the administration. While people in the patron-client businesses similarly share the blame and each fellow member is accountable for the achievement or failure of the business. Both Bureaucratic as well as Patron-Client Businesses have the most prevalent methods regarding the arrangement of power or legal principality businesses. Impacting a good deal of placement inside the United States of America best explains bureaucratic businesses. For example, locations such as the government, (regional, state, and simply regarding every other kind of government organization) are where bureaucratic organizations powers lie. Within arranged offense this may be considered a benefit which performing the administrative settings in to an unlawful business, additionally, by permitting detachment inside organizations and also the bureaucratic locus in addition to those people in the lower ranks. In the meantime, if it's secrecy that's being desired this might too be considered a self-preserving apparatus.
The Bureaucratic Business and also the Patron- Customer Business together wish to set up their individual businesses seem to be legal as well as genuine institutions to avoid their capture as well as detainment by law enforcement authorities. The bureaucratic organization is the most dangerous because they move in secrecy, and we may never know who the top leaders are, and who is really controlling the strings. Both the models of Organized Crime are successful, and have successful Organizations in them. They are there to make money, and make a profit which they do. While both models make a profit, the Bureaucratic model seems to make more of a profit then the Patron-Client based model. This could be for many reasons but the Bureaucratic model seems to be more structured then the Patron-Client model. The Bureaucratic model has some flaws that the Patron-Client model does not have. The Bureaucratic model keeps written records, which could ultimately get them in trouble and makes them less secure. The Patron-Client model has many people who are in charge and have the same amount of power, where the Bureaucratic model has leaders and they are in charge in order of their rank. The Bureaucratic model ways of working is also used in other organizations such as the police, and the military. The structure is similar in ways of rules, regulations, protocols, and procedures that they have to follow. They also have documentation that is kept and administration people who process the documentation. Like military and police organizations Bureaucratic models have ways of making sure that the lower ranked people do not make decisions and it is left up to those who have a higher ranking. There are many different Organized Crime organizations around the world, while all of them are looking towards one primary goal they usually are not working together but against each other. Each organization has goals set out and ways they plan to get to that goal, whether those ways are legal or not.

References
Paoli, L. (Jan2002). The Paradoxes of Organized Crime. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 37(1), 51-97
C.J. Oakes (2014) Understanding Organized Crime through Two Models Retrieved from: http://criminaljusticelaw.us/crime/understanding-organized-crime-through-two-models/
Spapens, T. (2010). Macro Networks, Collectives, and Business Processes: An Integrated Approach to Organized Crime. European Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, 18(2), 185-215.
Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall
Mallory, S. L. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.